Kutheni kufuneka imali thina? Ukuvela imali

Kunzima ngokwaneleyo ukuthetha eziqhitsini malunga phi kwaye xa imali zokuqala ezithile. Ukuvela imali wayengekho ngenxa okwexeshana nophuhliso elide lobudlelwane kwezentlalo nezopolitiko ebantwini kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo Umhlaba. Ngaphezu koko, ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo zembali. Ekuqaleni uluntu nje akakho ingqiqo ka "imali". Ukuvela kwemali kuhambisana kwixesha elizayo. Ngelo xesha, xa imibutho zamandulo, abantu abenza exchange elula izinto zekhaya kunye ezixabisekileyo, ezifana neebhekile, uboya, yotolo njalo njalo. Noko ke, le utshintshiselwano zendalo kunokuba axakeke, ngokuba ixabiso izinto ezahlukeneyo okanye ukutya basoloko ezahlukeneyo.

Ukuvela kunye nophuhliso imali

Eneneni, kunye nophuhliso chu asilonaniselwano zendalo zorhwebo kukho izinto zokuqala ukuba ixabiso layo kwaye azimisele ezilingana iindleko nayiphi na into. Oko yaba lokuqala imali. Ukuvela imali namhlanje mbali kubangelwa ikakhulu ukuba imivalo okanye iingceba amatye anqabileyo. Abazange asikabi nayo le fomu i ethile, kodwa kuko okwabangela ixabiso ngummeli wowona leyo sele unokuthenjwa nayiphi na imveliso,. Olu phuhliso wamtyhala abantu inyathelo ubhalo elilandelayo. Ifomu entsha imali baba izinto ezithile, iimpahla kunye nezilwanyana. Ngokomzekelo, xa abemi Ethiopia kaThixo elalibalwa imivalo ityuwa India ukuba isikipa wasebenzisa oonokrwece Cowrie, Izizwe-Aztec nokuba We wasebenzisa iimbotyi ekoko. izinto ezinjalo ningekabi imali ngengqiqo ngokupheleleyo ilizwi, kodwa obuqhajelweyo imbonakalo yazo. Kwaye eli imali kucaca: kufuneka ibe sisananelo jikelele alinganayo, leyo kulinganiswa nayiphi na imveliso kufuneka.

ufuna imali

Nangona kunjalo, le miba nayiphi na inkqubo lemali kufuneka ihlangane iseti ethile imithetho: akufuneki kugxagxiseka kudluliselo rhoqo ukusuka kwesinye isandla, ibe ngokuhamba kwexesha; Kufuneka ukukhanya mobile ukuguga eqhubekayo omnye komnye; ke kufuneka ukuba bahlukane kunokwenzeka kufuneka ukuba uhlawule ngaphantsi (umzekelo, igama zale mihla Russian, "engange" kwaye livela kwinkqubo, xa imali ezinkulu anqamka zibe ncinane).

Ukuvela kweenkqubo zezimali

Zonke ezi kuyahlangatyezwana neemfuno kakhulu nje iimveliso metal, nto leyo kumaxesha amandulo baqalisa ukuba iifom eziphathekayo kunye ezithile. Umzekelo, kwakusazeka ukuba i-BC VII kwinkulungwane kwi kwaLidiya sele likhona ukuba uhlobo imali. Ukuvela imali ngexesha elifanayo ayikwazi ngokucacileyo kukhonjwe kummandla othile kunye nexesha. Zemali zokuqala sifana mihla ekwimo yakhe, wabonakala China. Noko ke, apho ke umngxuma ziko, nto leyo ibekwe njenge intambo, ibhijelwa entanyeni. Kanye isithethe Chinese yobhedu yesilivere ihulahuphu nentamo ephakathi nokuxubana kunqunyulwa iziqwenga kunye ihlawulwe ngabo. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba iihupu isemzimbeni umva entanyeni yakhe, amaqhekeza zibizwa ngokuba "hryvnia", owathi kamva kwadluliselwa imali iinkosana Kievan.