Asphalt mninzi. Ubume asphalt, GOST, lophawu, iimpawu

Njengoko omnye kakhulu asetyenziswa rhoqo izinto zendlela-zokwakha asphalt esetyenziswayo namhlanje, GOST efuna ukungqinelana lexinene nokwakheka. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho amabanga eziliqela, iintlobo kunye neendidi eziphathekayo. Isiseko yokuhlela ngezigaba amacandelo mthombo nje kuphela, kodwa umlinganiselo kuhlanganiselo amaqhekeza babo abaninzi. Asphalt yahlulwe ngokweendidi kwakhona ngenxa ukuba izakhi ukuze abe iqhekeza ezahlukeneyo noku igrabile nesanti, yaye iqondo kungengokwentlambululo yendawo powder bezimbiwa.

isakhiwo

Ukubunjwa asphalt busenza ukuba:

• leke;
• leke;
• njengentlabathi;
• yebhitumene;
• kwezimbiwa powder.

Ngokuphathelele yimiwewe, ezinye iintlobo le ukutyabeka akuthethi ukubonelela ukusetyenziswa kwayo. Noko ke, inkunkuma okanye igrabile efunekayo, ukuba zenziwa asphalting ummandla kuthathelwa ingqalelo imithwalo enzima zezomzuzwana kunye nemigangatho yezithuthi eliphezulu. Ezi izinto ngaxeshanye kuba njengento karkasoobrazuyuschego olukhuselayo.

Njengoko feedstock mandatory usebenzise umgubo ezimbiwa, ikhoyo nokubakho kuhlanganiselo zonke iintlobo kunye brand of asphalt. iqhezu ubunzima lomgubo bubonwa kuthathelwa ingqalelo iimfuno kunye imisebenzi ukuya viscosity. Ukuba usebenzisa powder izimbiwa ngesixa esikhulu, izinto wazuza ubuchule manzi intlokoma ngesakhiwo kwebhulorho engakhankanywanga kunye neentanda.

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, enjengentlabathi esetyenziswa brand ezininzi neentlobo asphalt. umgangatho wayo kuxhomekeke iqondo yokucoca kunye nemveliso indlela. Le elayibrari kuveliswa indlela evulekileyo, kukowuphi umzekelo apho iquka imfuneko indlu. Lilitye lesiseko le industry a ngetha. It yimveliso nokusulungekiswa oyile.

iqhekeza Mass yebhitumene kumaBakala ezininzi asphalt ayidluli-5%. Noko ke, xa lifuna ukupheyiva iindawo, apho abe mphandle ezintsonkothileyo, itha ingasetyenziswa kwi-mali ukuya kwi-10% nangaphezulu. Le izinto ekrwada unika lexinene luthambe umxube emva Ukuqinisa. Ukubunjwa lokugqibela lula isasazwe kwisiza, ngenxa yokuba uye fluidity.

Ukuxinana kunye iimpawu ezingundoqo asphalt yendalo

asphalt mninzi - le yenye yeempawu yokuqala iingcali abanomdla kunye nabaphuhlisi abazimeleyo. Natural lobeko walo enyibilikayo eliphantsi mass oluqinileyo emnyama. Ekuveleni elayibrari abe umbala shiny okanye buthuntu.

asphalt konga 1.1 g / cm³. Iqondo lobushushu yokunyibilika ingahluka 20 ukuya 100 ° C. Njengenxalenye yeoli equlethwe mali ka-25 ukuya kuma-40%, kwaye into emnandi-asphaltene enokuthi laliwaphethe umthamo we-60 ukuya 75%. Njengoko ukubunjwa iziqalelo ipesenti na ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• C - 80-85.
• H - 10-12.
• S - 0,1-10.
• Malunga - 2-3.

Ukuxinana asphalt sele ukwazi, kodwa lo phawu asikuko kuphela ukuba abathengi abanomdla. Phakathi kwezinye izinto kufuneka zenziwe unendlela ukwakha iintsalela okanye amaqhezu oyile evaporative amacandelo ukukhanya kunye namachibi phantsi kwempembelelo supergene.

Iimpawu asphalt lokwenziwa

asphalt ezingezizo nayo ngokuba umxube igada. Yesakhiwo indawo ye yezimbiwa lomgubo, igrabile, itha kunye nesanti. Found asphalt eshushu, eli nalibekelwayo ngetywina xa badibana nezinto lobushushu 180 ° okanye ngaphezulu C. Ukuba ezisetyenziswa kwinkqubo yemveliso a itha esezantsi-viscosity, lo ingqokelela lwenziwa kubushushu ukusukela kuma-40 ukuya kuma-80 ° C. Ukuba ibhitumene engamanzi, asphalt ke abandayo ubunjwe ze kwiqondo lobushushu ukuya ku -30 ° C.

Eyona engundoqo brand of asphalt kunye GOST

indawo asphalt mninzi bekutshiwo ngasentla, nangona kunjalo, kufuneka wazi ukuba ipesenti izithako ekwakhiweni ichaphazela iintlobo kunye neendidi asphalt. Namhlanje Generally kwamkelwa iintlobo ezintathu, abenziwe ngokungqinelana GOST 9128-2009. Izakufunyanwa le migangatho, kungenzeka nokongeza izinto ezithi ukwandisa hydrophobicity, ukumelana iqabaka, iyahlala nezimo ukutyabeka.

Njengenxalenye uphawu 1 asphalt iqulethe:

• ukuhlolwa;
• njengentlabathi;
• leke;
• eziphathekayo;
• kwezimbiwa powder.

Xa olu daka ashinyeneyo ziquka izinto apho umxholo yimiwewe ungahluka kuluhlu ukususela-30 ukuya kuma-60%. Oku kufuneka kubandakanye lwetshiphu emsebenzi-mninzi, macadam aneentunja kakhulu kwaye igada amazwe. Asphalt, GOST ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngexesha wokwenziwa, kufuneka ziveliswe phantsi uphawu 2. Xa nokwakhiwa umbandela iqulethe:

• leke;
• eziphathekayo;
• yokuwela zokuhlola;
• njengentlabathi;
• kwezimbiwa powder.

Olu didi kufuneka iquke isanti aneentunja kakhulu, aneentunja kunye asphalt ashinyeneyo apho isiqulatho uhlalutye ingahluka-30 ukuya kuma-50%, ngelixa umxube bengagqibanga ityumza yaye intlabathi kuthetha ukuya kwi-70 umthamo%.

Ukuxinana asphalt sele ukwazi, kodwa kufuneka ukwazi ngakumbi yokuba kukho brand asphalt 3, ziqulethe:

• yokuwela zokuhlola;
• kwezimbiwa njengentlabathi;
• ngetha powder.

Kule meko sithetha lwendibanisela zamatye eyaphukileyo, uhlalutye ukuba ibe khona kwi iindidi ukususela-30 ukuya kuma-50%. Luhlola ityumza yaye isanti laliwaphethe umthamo we-30 ukuya kuma-70%.

brand inkcazelo

asphalt Density (t / m3) ngu 1.1. Nangona kunjalo, oku konke kukho ukwazi malunga neempawu. Umzekelo, asphalt grade 1 kungaba aneentunja kakhulu okanye macadam ashinyeneyo phezulu. Umda Ukusetyenziswa ukutyabeka kunye nezenzo njenge yolwabiwo ukwakhiwa kwendlela. Ke ukuba asphalt grade 2, uluhlu loxinano yalo ihlala malunga efanayo, kodwa ipesenti zegrabile kunye nesanti iyahluka ngokubanzi. Le asphalt ithathwa ukuba avareji manani. Umxube isicelo ukwakhiwa zeendlela, loCwangciso lweMihlaba, wokulungisa Ipeyinti kwakunye ukuyilwa kwiindawo neepaki imoto.

isiphelo

asphalt Density (t / m3) ngu 1.1. Kodwa olu khetho alukho kuphela ekufuneka uyazi. Umzekelo, kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye kwakhona yam asphalt, nobhaliweyo kummandla elalisakuba yiSoviet Union, kwisiqithi Trinidad, eVenezuela, France kunye Canada. Ukuxuba kumalungu ezimbiwa, kuquka isanti kunye igrabile, izinto iba uqweqwe eyomeleleyo phezu komhlaba amachibi ioli. Olu daka isasazeka kwiindawo iplagi kunye umphezulu nzulu yomhlaba nasemaweni oli-langa.