I-t-64BM itanki "Bulat": ukuphuculwa kokugqibela

Utshintsho lwezizukulwana zamatanki lwaqala ukukhula kwiminyaka engamashumi ama-60 ekhulwini lokugqibela. Oomatshini abenziweyo abangeke bahambelane neengcamango, izixhobo kunye nekhono abaqulunqiweyo abanokubanika. Ngexesha elifanayo, ukuqonda ngokucacileyo ukubonakala kwetanki elitsha, okukwazi ukunyusa ukuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe, kungekudala.

Itanki yaseKharkov

Imbali yalela ukuba itanki yokuqala yesizukulwana esitsha T-64 ibonakale kwi-ofisi yoyilo kunye nesityalo esakha i-T-34 evelele. Ukuguqulwa kwamhlanje okubizwa ngokuba ngu-T-64BM "Bulat" kuhlawulela inokwenzeka kwimimiselo yokuqala.

CBT yokuqala yehlabathi

Imoto entsha, inzala eyayiyiTanki yase-Ukraine T-64BM "iBulat", yayiyimpumelelo yenguqu. Idibaniswe kwinkqubo ehlangeneyo kungekhona kuphela impumelelo yeteknoloji, kodwa neengcamango zokupasa eziphambili. I-tank yayixhotywe ngeenjini ezimbini eziphikisayo. Ngethuba lokuqala ehlabathini, itanki ye-serial yayixhotywe ngesixhobo sokulayisha ngokuzenzekelayo, esenza ukuba sikwazi ukushiya umthwalo kwaye sinciphise abasebenzi ukuba bathathu. Isigqibo esiphezulu segesi eqhubayo sabangela ukugqithisa okukhulu kwesibalo, okwavumela ukuba kuqhutywe umlilo ngokukhawuleza. Umpu ophucukisiwe wawuxhotywe nge-optical range finder, kamva watshintshwa i-laser. Itanki yenza inzame kwiinqanaba zabachasene nabanokubakhokelela, ukunyanzelisa ukuba benze ngokukhawuleza ukudala iimpazamo. Emva kokutshintshwa kwesibhamu esingu-115-millimeter ngompu onamandla we-125-millimeter, umda phakathi kwetanki eliphakathi nelikhulu lacinywa ngokupheleleyo. Ngoko ke, i-T-64 yaba yinto yokuqala yeplanethi yehlabathi ngokubala, eyabeka isiseko.

KwiSoviet modernization

Ngomgca wokuqala wokuvelisa, wakhululwa ngo-1968, itanki yayihlaziywa rhoqo. Ukongezelela ekutshintsheni umgca wempuphu, umsebenzi wawusendleleni yokuqinisa ukukhuselwa kwezixhobo, ukuphucula ukuhamba ngaphantsi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo. Ngethuba leSoviet Union laphela ukuba likhona, umatshini wadibana nazo zonke iimfuno zanamhlanje. Kufuneka ukuba ukhumbule ukuba kwakuyiitranks zaseKharkov ezakha isiseko seqela lamajoni laseSoviet elisetyenziselwa entshona. Ngelo xesha, kwakukho ubuchule obuthatyathwe yimodyuli, okwakungumlinganiselo wokuphumeza iziphumo ezivelele ekunciphiseni ubunzima nobukhulu bomshini.

Bulat waseUkraine

Emva kokuwa kwe-USSR, umkhosi waseUkraine wawunenani elingu-T-64 eguqukileyo. I-Kharkov Plant Malyshev, apho yenziwe khona, yayinethuba lokuqhubela phambili imveliso kunye neyomhla. Ukuqwalasela isidingo sokugcina izinga lobuchwepheshe lempahla yokulwa, siqalise inkqubo yethu yoo-modern, ebizwa ngokuba yi-T-64BM "Bulat". Iinjineli zazifuneka zixazululwe izinto ezininzi ezinzima ezinxulumene neempawu zomshini. Isisindo sokukhanya setanki sasingekho nje umphumo wendlela yokuphumelela, kodwa ukugcina nokugcinwa kwinqanaba lokukhutshwa kwezinto zokumiswa. Oku kunciphisa amandla okuqinisa ukugcinwa. Iinjini zokuqhubela phambili zibonakalise zixakeke kakhulu kwaye zingathembekanga. Ukulwa neengxaki ezininzi ezivunyelwe ukuphuhlisa konke okusemgangathweni kwi-T-64BM "Bulat" kwaye ukulahla ukungaphumeleli komzekelo oyisiseko.

Ukulungiswa kwezixhobo ezisisiseko

Ukuqiniswa kwezixhobo zokhuselo kwakuyimfuneko ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yesimanje. Izithintelo zokunyusa, ngenxa yobume bokumiswa, zifuna isisombululo esicwangcisiweyo sobunjineli. Kufunyenwe kwindlela yenkqubo entsha yokukhusela okukhuselekileyo "Umkhonto" owadalwa e-Ukraine. Abaphuhlisi ngokwabo bayaqiniseka ukuba uphelele ngakumbi kunabathengisi bawo. Kwi-T-64BM "iBulat" ifake isibhamu esitsha se-125-millimeter kunye nenkqubo ekhompyutheni kunye neenkqubo zokuzinzisa. Oku kwanda kakhulu ukuchaneka komlilo, ngakumbi xa uqhuba. Ukuqhutshwa kwamanzi omtsha wokujikeleza kwinqaba kwanciphise ixesha elijolise kuyo. Injini ye injini yaba nokuphucuka okukhulu. Ukongezelela ukwandisa umthamo othile kunye nesisigxina ngamashumi ama-150 amandla okulwa, ukuthembeka kwawo kunye nobutyebi bunyuke ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuphucula izixhobo

Ingqungquthela inikezela ingqalelo kwiinkqubo zokulawula umlilo, ukulawula ukulwa kunye nokuqaphela imeko yezobuchule. I-T-64BM ephakamileyo "i-Bulat" injongo ejongene nobunzima iyanqineka kwiiplani ezimbini. Ifayile entsha ye- laser ne-range of operation ukuya kwiikhilomitha ezili-10 ifakwe, ekwavumela ukuba izikhokelo ezichasene ne-tank kunye nenkqubo ekhokelekileyo yokukhokela. Kwakukho isixhobo sobusuku obuphuculiweyo somculi. Ukuze umlawuli wetanki, ubunzima bokubukela bubugcisa bwanamhlanje. Kwakukho ithuba lokusebenzisa iifrimpsi zomoya, apho umatshini angaxhotywanga ngezizathu zemali.

"Bulat" malunga nemvelaphi yabakhuphiswano

Isiphumo esibalulekileyo somsebenzi kumatshini kwakubonakaliswa kwamandla ase-Ukraine ukuba ahlakulele ngokuzimela. I-T-64BM "Bulat", uphawu olungenakuthi lube lubi, lufanele lubonwe njengomlinganiselo onamandla. Ukuvumela kwiindawo ezininzi eziphuculiweyo eziphezulu ezikarhulumente zaseRussia, zaseJamani nase-Amerika, kukuvumela ukuba uhlasele imikhosi efanelekileyo yokulwa nemfazwe. Amathangi aseNtshona "iBulat" aphantsi kolawulo kunye neenkcukacha zolwazi. Nangona uphuculo lompu weTanki, ukusebenza kompu weJamani kuphezulu. Imeko ngokubhuka ihlala ingxaki. Qinisekisa iinqonga zomoya ezinokuphumelela ngokuphumelelayo, kwaye kule ntanki, itanki igcina ingcamango yolawulo lwemikhosi yamaSoviet, ekhokelwa ukusetyenziswa okukhulu kwamathangi. Ngelo xesha, wagcina amandla akhe. Ubuncinci obuncinane, ubunzima obuphantsi, amandla aphezulu aphezulu, iinqwelo zokulwa neetanki ezide zenza kube ngumdlali oyingozi kwiAbrams kunye neLopards. Ukungafani kunye nokuphuculwa kwe-T-72 yaseRashiya akubonakali kucacile kwaye kuxoxwa ngamanga, kunoko, umahluko kumaphulo ngokwawo. I-tralvagonzavod itanki ineengcamango ezingaphantsi. I-gear engaphezulu ethembekileyo yomshini waseRashiya yenza kube lula ukuhambelana neengxaki zokubhuka. Kodwa akukho mvumelwano malunga nesisombululo esingcono. I-T-64BM "iBulat" ngokumalunga nemvelaphi yabakhuphiswano abaphambili ibonakala ifanelekile.

Isicelo sokulwa

Ubhaptizo lokuqala lomlilo T-64 lwathatha e-Afghanistan. Kwavela ukuba injini yeranki yayingagcinwanga kwiimeko eziphakamileyo, kwaye kwakungenakwenzeka ukusebenzisa lo matshini. I-USSR ayizange ithumele i-T-64, isebenzise kuphela kwimpi yayo, ngoko itanki ayinayo imbali enezityebi ezifana ne-T-54 okanye iT-72. Nangona kunjalo, ukulwa okubonakalayo kwinqanaba laseDonbass kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo zonke iintlobo zezixhobo kwenza ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuvavanya kungekudala iinguqulelo zeTanki, kodwa kunye ne-T-64BM Bulat, ukuphuculwa kokugqibela okubambe iqhaza kuwo. Ukulahlekelwa kwamathangi ngamaGosa ase-Ukraine kwakungalindelekanga. Oku kunokuba kungenxa yecandelo leendlela zokusebenzisa iinqwelo zeenqwelo. Kodwa inxalenye yelahleko kufuneka ithathelwe ingozi ethile kwi-tank. Inani elingafaniyo loomatshini olonakaliswe ngogonyamelo lwebhokisi le-carousel liyabangalisa. Oku kunokubonisa ubuthakathaka obunobunzima bokubhuka ebhodini. Nangona ziganeko, "iBulat" ayizange ibonise ukuphakama okukholisayo kwimishini yamandulo. Ukulahlekelwa kwakhe kufikelela kwipesenti enkulu yepaki. Xa uvavanya amava okusebenzisa i-T-64 kwiimeko ezikhoyo, kufuneka kuqaphele ukuba amathangi awazange azibonakalise kwicala elifanelekileyo. Esi sisiphumo sokungafezeki komyalelo okanye iimpawu zobugcisa be-T-64, kubalulekile ukuqonda iingcali.