Ukubaluleka yezinto eziphilayo mitosis

Ukubaluleka yezinto eziphilayo mitosis uphezulu kakhulu. Neposveschennomu de kube nzima ukuba nomfanekiso indima ayidlalileyo kubomi inkqubo elula yokwahlukana iseli emzimbeni. Isakhono kweeseli ukwabelana - oku yeyona nto ibalulekileyo umsebenzi wabo, ebangela. Ngaphandle oku phambili akunakwenzeka lobomi on Earth, ukwandisa abemi elilodwa olunye-ayikwazi ukuphuhlisa, kunye Ukusoloko ephilayo enkulu multicellular, akunakwenzeka ukuzala ngokuphuhliswa ubomi obutsha ibe iqanda.

Ukubaluleka yezinto eziphilayo mitosis kuya kuba ngaphantsi kakhulu ukuba icandelo iseli wayengekho kakuhle eli ezininzi nguwo othatha indawo kwi kwiinkqubo zethu eziphilayo emhlabeni. Le inkqubo ke ithabatha kuqhubeka ngokwezigaba eziliqela. Ngamnye kubo luquka amanyathelo eziliqela ngaphakathi kwi seli. Isiphumo sale nto phindo olusisinyanzelo isiseko yemfuza kwiseli enye phakathi ngokuthi kabini DNA koko wazala kwiseli umzali intombi ezimbini.

yonke ubomi iseli kuqukunjelwe kwixesha ukusuka ukuyilwa bungaphantsi ukwahlulwa kwayo okwalandela zibe mbini. Eli xesha eziphilayo eyaziwa ngokuba "umjikelo cell".

Isigaba sokuqala se mitosis - isilungiselela efanelekileyo hlukana cell. Ixesha apho iiseli afakwa kernels enze amalungiselelo ngqo yokwahlukana, ebizwa interphase. Yenzeka lonke ezibalulekileyo - oko kukuthi, kabili kwiindawana DNA kunye nezinye izakhiwo, kwakunye Yindibanisela oluninzi protini. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba liphindwe zofuzo iseli, nesiqingatha ngamnye chromosome kabini ubizwa ngokuba "chromatid".

Emva interphase iqala ngqo inkqubo hlula - mitosis. Yena, naye, kwenzeka ngokwamanqanaba eziliqela. Ngenxa yoko, bonke kabini wazolula symmetrically endlwaneni, kangangokuba emva kokumiselwa ukwahlukanisa esembindini kwiseli nganye entsha idale inani elifanayo inamacandelo eseleyo.

Izigaba mitosis kunye meiosis ziyafana, kodwa yokugqibela (ngokwahlula iiseli intsholongwane) iye amacandelo amabini, yaye ekugqibeleni kuvela ababini, kodwa kletki ezine "yintombi." Kwakhona, phambi kokuba icandelo offline chromosome kabini yesibini, ngoko iseti yabo inxenye iiseli intombi.

1. Prophase. Kwesi sigaba, iiseli centrioles zibonakala kakhulu. Zikhona kuphela esiseleni kwezilwanyana nabantu. Izityalo azinazo centrioles.
2. prometaphase. Kweli nqanaba igcina prophase kunye metaphase iqala.
3. Metaphase. Kweli nqanaba, i zofuzo kulala kwi "ikhweyitha" esiseleni.
4. Anaphase. Zofuzo kumka kwiipali ezahlukeneyo.
5. Telophase. -Iseli "umama" Omnye wahlulwe ukuyilwa kwagxunyekwa engundoqo ibe kletki ezimbini "yintombi." Ngaloo ndlela igqibezela le icandelo iseli okanye mitosis.

Ukubaluleka ibalulekileyo ngokobugcisa mitosis - ifana nqwa ukwahlula ye zofuzo udluliselwa kuwo amalungu ama-2 alinganayo kunye nokubeka nabo kletki ezimbini "yintombi." Iintlobo ngeentlobo zeeseli kwiiseli eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo abe ixesha ukusukela kwicandelo ixesha - mitosis, kodwa kwi-avareji kuthatha malunga neeyure enye enesiqingatha. Zininzi izinto ezinefuthe le nkqubo ethe kakhulu. Nayiphi ukutshintsha iimeko zokusingqongileyo, umz, lobushushu ambient, imo kwisigaba ukukhanya, uxinzelelo kwi kokusingqongileyo ephilayo kunye neeseli kwakunye nezinye izinto ezininzi kunokuchaphazela kakhulu zombini ixesha kunye nomgangatho inkqubo sisahlula cell. Kwakhona, ubude mitosis nazo zonke izigaba zawo ngabanye kunokuba ixhomekeke ngqo kwi lolwabo, xa iiseli leyo uyaqhubeka.

Ukubaluleka yezinto eziphilayo mitosis kunye kufunyanwa ngalinye kwinkalo cytology uba ezixabisekileyo ngakumbi, kuba ngaphandle kwale nkqubo akanakuba ukuphila emhlabeni.