I zomzimba kokudla. Imithetho zomzimba kokudla

Ukutya - enye yeendima eziphambili impilo, umsebenzi kunye nomgangatho wobomi jikelele. Kodwa ke, ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke ezi macandelo ziyaphunyezwa, oko ubonelelo kuyimfuneko ngexesha umzimba kunye zizinto ezithile ngomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo kunye nomthamo. Physiology kokudla lifunda indlela apho ukwakhiwa ekutyeni zabantu kufuneka ibe: kangakanani ngayo kufuneka iproteni, amafutha, iikhabhohayidrethi, iivithamini kunye neeminerali ukuze ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo. Kwakhona, eli sebe inzululwazi lujolise iindlela namaxesha wokudla, umthamo yayo, kunye neempawu zomzimba.

carbohydrate

Physiology carbohydrate ngesondlo abantu unikela indima ephambili ukutya eneji. Enkosi kubo, umntu ufumana unikezelo nkqi wamandla namandla, kubandakanywa umsebenzi yengqondo. Carbohydrate enze imisebenzi emininzi kwaye ebalulekileyo:

• zeplastiki (yinxalenye esikule amalungu ezahlukeneyo);
• ezilawulayo (musa ukuvumela ukuba namafutha igcwala reactions ketones);
• elolonga (iinkqubo ezisebenzayo kwi-luvo);
• detoxification (ukurhoxiswa ityhefu).

Ubume imichiza ratio hydrogen neoksijini atom ezifana iimolekyuli zamanzi.

Zokutya bafumana iintlobo ezintathu carbohydrate:

• iikhompawundi monosaccharide (ngokumelwa glucose fructose);
• elibona oligosaccharide (zimelwe saccharose, lactose kunye maltose);
• iikhompawundi polysaccharide (starch zimelwe, glycogen, neselulosi kunye pectin izinto).

Imithombo carbohydrate - na izityalo ukutya ngokuyintloko: iziqhamo, imifuno, ukutya okuziinkozo, etc ...

amafutha

zomzimba Basic kunye nococeko kokutya kuba necandelo kwi kwamafutha ezifana malunga ngeekhomponenti asisiseko ukutya, ngenxa ixabiso labo eneji kabini ophezulu ngaphezu koko protein kunye carbohydrate. Lipids ziyingxenye izakhiwo iseli kunye neenkqubo inxaxheba ekwakheni.

Kuphela phambi amanqatha, a nokuchithwa kunye nokufunxwa neevithamini A, D no E. I khompawundi lipid ukwimo eziphilayo esebenzayo langoku: tocopherol, lecithin, okunamafutha acid sterol. Ukuphucula incasa yokutya nokwandisa ixabiso layo lesondlo kunokwenzeka kongezwe ngamanqatha.

Kwamafutha kwizidlo - oko kukuthi, enyanisweni, iikhompawundi ebalulekileyo legliserina okunamafutha asidi. Lwakutsha nje yahlulwe ngamaqela amabini: befumile eyaneleyo. ukubaluleka kwamandla Physiology enkulu lomzimba ususa fatty polyunsaturated, nokulingana ukuba iivithamini.

Lipids kwizidlo zezilwanyana zithiwe thaca kwi-asidi ifumile ezinamanqatha (yehagu, inyama yenkomo, imvana, njl ...) In kwisityalo - unsaturated (ioli, amandongomane, iimbewu).

protein

Imithetho zomzimba kweziyi zesondlo owalathwe imeko eziyimfuneko ebomini. It is eyakhelwe zonke iiseli zomzimba emzimbeni womntu. Imisebenzi iiproteni zahlukahlukene: iplastiki, lo kuvala, nto leyo iphinde izivelise kwakhona, zokuzikhusela, antitoxic, ezothutho kunye nabanye.

Afana iiproteni nitrogen ezi Iipholima ezintsonkothileyo owakhiwa ngayo acid iintlobo-25 thaca ukutya. Inkoliso yabo edlalwa yi emzimbeni (interchangeable), abanye kuphela ukutya (kubalulekile).

Ucoceko kunye nesondlo amalungu ingqalelo ukubaluleka iimveliso protein, ingakumbi abo apho kukho iiproteni epheleleyo, kunye elungeleleneyo acid acid kuqamba. Ingakumbi ezifanelekileyo kule nkalo ke iimveliso zezilwanyana (inyama, amaqanda, ubisi). iiproteni Plant asoloko basilela kubalulekile acid acid entsonkothileyo (iimbotyi zesoya, buckwheat, iimbotyi, bran, njalo njalo. d.).

macronutrients

Basics Ukutya zomzimba ingqalelo macrocells nje izinto eziyimfuneko ukuze isikolo sisebenze eqhelekileyo umzimba ababandakanyekayo yokucolwa amanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Ingakumbi ebalulekile izinto yolwakhiwo amathambo kufuneka calcium phosphorus.

Ngu macroelements zezi:

• calcium (ubisi, itshizi, itshizi);
• phosphorus (intlanzi, inyama, isonka, itshizi, iimbotyi, cereals);
• magnesium (iintlobo, okuziinkozo, iimbotyi, amantongomane);
• sodium (sodium ityuwa);
• potassium (iitapile, ama-apile, iimbotyi, iertyisi);
• chloro (isonka, ityuwa);
• isalfure (inyama, intlanzi, amaqanda).

Ukuswela macronutrients ikhokelela izifo ezahlukeneyo amalungu kunye neenkqubo, ikakhulu ichaphazela amathambo kunye imithambo yegazi.

Izakha

Izinto Trace ukwenza iqela lemisebenzi ethile, ngokuba umsebenzi kangangoko umzimba uphela kunye neziseko zayo ngabanye.

Iqela elements umkhondo ziquka:

• iron (isibindi zezilwanyana, buckwheat);
• nezinki (kwesibindi, iimbotyi);
• Iodine (Ingca yolwandle, cod isibindi ioli, iintlanzi zolwandle);
• fluoro (iintlanzi zolwandle, amanzi, iti).

Physiology ligxile umbutho ukutya lokudla inani elaneleyo olukhulu kunye Izakha kuyimfuneko ukugcina impilo.

vitamins

Xa incwadi "Biology. Physiology of Nutrition "(Grade 7) ulwazi iivithamini thaca kumacandelo eziliqela. indima yabo imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yomzimba ayikwazi babebiza imali. Ezi zinto esebenzayo zikhona enzyme iihomoni inxaxheba kwiinkqubo pathways, ukunika kokungqinelana imizimba kunye neenkqubo.

Iivithamini ngeke yenziweyo umzimba, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba ukutya benawo. Zeentsilelo kukhokelela inkangeleko kwezifo, ukudinwa, sinciphise ukusebenza kunye nezifo.

A ukutya okunezondlo kufuneka siqulathe le iivithamini zilandelayo:

• A - ixhasa impilo kunye ubutsha eluswini, acuity ezibonwayo, okukwazi (imithombo: iminqathe, amaqanda, ubisi, herring, isibindi);
• B ₁ - eqinisekisa ukusebenza izihlunu kunye luvo zomzimba, imveliso yamandla (imithombo: irayisi, inyama, iimbotyi, amantongomane);
• B ₂ - isebenze ukukhula kunye namandla ukutya (imithombo: iqanda sac, inkukhu, intlanzi, igwele);
• B ₆ - inceda lokugaya iicarbohydrate kunye namafutha, ixhasa reactions enzymatic (Imithombo: iitapile, intlanzi, inyama, yonke ingqolowa isonka, imifuno);
• B ₁₂ - kuthintela anaemia, ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo luvo (imithombo: kwaselwandle, ubisi, inyama, amaqanda);
• C - ixhasa amajoni omzimba, amazinyo enempilo, isikhumba kunye namathambo (imithombo: orenji, lemons, currants abamnyama, wavuka iinyonga, ipepile elithozamisayo);
• D - ikhuthaza ukufunxeka calcium, ukwanda amazinyo kunye nezikhonkwane (imithombo: intlanzi okunamafutha, iimveliso zobisi);
• E - ikhusela umzimba nxamnye igcwala kwinqanaba zeselula, ikhuthaza isikhumba okutsha (imithombo: inyama, amafutha, cereals).

Physiology kokudla kubandakanya ukuthathwa iivithamini ngohlobo lweenkqubo ezizodwa, ezingqanyaniswe iminyaka yokuphila yaloo mntu.

nokudla lwezeMpilo

Ukongezelela kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukwakhiwa ekuzakuqalwa ngeemveliso, amalungu ukutya - ucoceko ukutya kunye nokuziphatha nococeko. imigaqo yayo angamelwa le migaqo ilandelayo:

1. Yokudla kufuneka ahlukene.
2. Yonke imihla, amaxesha amaninzi kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa iimveliso ezenziwe ngumgubo, okuziinkozo okanye iitapile.
3. ukusebenza komzimba rhoqo inqweneleka.
4. Ukuba nidle iziqhamo kunye nemifuno yonke imihla.
5. Funa irekhodi esisigxina kwamafutha ukutya ayinqwenelayo ukutshintshwa kwesilwanyana kwisityalo.
6. Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa yeswekile ecokisiweyo.
7. Musa kakubi ukongeza ityuwa ekutyeni.

Ukupheka ukutya kufuneka inike ukhuseleko kunye nokulondolozwa ubuninzi lweepropati luncedo imveliso (kukhethwa ukupheka, kuquka eziqhumayo, ukubhaka, ukupheka kwi oven).

Ukuhambelana nale mithetho elula kuya kuphucula umgangatho ukutya.

Food

Omnye umbuzo obalulekileyo, esingethe umbandela amalungu okutyisa, - netheknoloji zokuvelisa ukutya. Xa kukho iimeko mveliso efanelekileyo kufuneka ihlelwe ngendlela yokuba ixabiso lesondlo nezinto iziseko ekrwada landa. I luncedo iphambili ye-mveliso iya kumiselwa nje kuphela umxholo kwezondlo, kodwa kangangoko ukuba ngabaphi na ingxenye yi umzimba. Le ngxaki edibene zombini yokwetyiswa kunye nenani ezinye iinkqubo nokomzimba.

Nangona zonke iingxaki, kufunyaniswe ukuba ukutya ophezulu umgangatho zifunxe ngcono kakhulu kunokuba nemvelo ezenziwe ngezinto ekrwada sisidala. Kukutya okunencasa kunye eziluncuthu, kokukhona luncedo oko kuya kuba umzimba. Oku kufuneka iqwalaselwe inkqubo yemveliso yokutya.

Basics zococeko

Umxholo we protein, nenqatha, iikhabhohayidrethi, iivithamini kunye neeminerali ingqalelo eziphilayo, isondlo zomzimba. Ucoceko kwakhona ijolise kuphuhliso imithetho kococeko lomntu buqu ekulungiseleleni kunye nokusetyenziswa kokutya. Balumkisa ezinokosulela imveliso ezidweliswe kwezi magciwane, kwaqala ityhefu ukutya kunye nenani izifo.

ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ihlawulwe iimeko yococeko ngazo kumaziko ukulungiselela ukutya catering. Inqanaba eliphezulu nococeko ngayo abasebenzi kuchaphazela inkcubeko yentsebenziswano nabathengi.

Imithetho iinkqubo zococeko ngamnye ukulungiselela iimfuno ezithile izandla, umlomo, iiovaroli, iimeko zokusebenza umbutho, uxilongo lwezonyango rhoqo kubasebenzi.

nococeko Personal zomntu ngamnye xa esitya ibandakanya ukuhlanjwa ngokucokisekileyo izandla, kodwa banyanzelekile, nokucoceka iimpahla nomzimba ngokupheleleyo, ukusetyenziswa kwe iseti ngamnye izitya. Xa ukubakhona kwezifo ezosulelayo kufuneka angachithi ixesha nabanye.

Physiology kokudla njengendlela yokuziqeqesha yenzululwazi

Ingqeqesho "Physiology of Nutrition" wafundisa ngokufutshane kwizikolo eziziisekondari, eziku - kumaziko zoqeqesho kwezemfundo. Oku kuquka ukufunda iinkqubo komzimba,, iimpawu ezinxulumene-ukutya kokusingqongileyo nempilo ukutya yabantu, neziseko ekugayeni. Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yale khosi eyayinikelwe isifundo kwezondlo, imigaqo ekwenzeni ekutyeni, ucoceko kunye nococeko ekulungiseleleni, ukusetyenzwa kunye nokugcinwa kweemveliso. Physiology of ngesondlo kunye ezisisiseko yempahla ethengiswayo - icandelo lokugqibela weendawo, eziquka icandelo kwezoqoqosho le ngxaki.