Le oligarchy zemali - yintoni na le nto? Iindlela ukongamela kwalowo oligarchy zemali

amaziko ezemali, ubukhulu becala iibhanki, kunye nophuhliso loqoqosho imeko kwamashishini zoshishino ezifana co-AgriBEE, urhwebo, ezothutho kunye nabanye nge nokufunyanwa lwezabelo izitropu. Abanini Business, ke, bafumana ubunini izabelo kunye bonds ezikhutshwe ziibhanki, ezo inxulumene kubo. Oku kukhokelela kuseko nophuhliso lwezakhono kunye noshishino ngokufaka wongxowankulu. Isiphumo uhlobo olutsha lwe eyinkunzi - mali.

capital Interweaving - ekumisweni uny lobuqu

Le intertwining of zebhanki kunye capital mveliso ekhokelela kuseko lobudlelane lobuqu phakathi abanini-nkulu abadibeneyo zoshishino kunye ngunozala ebhankini. Abanye abantu busa kushishino abadla bodwa enkulu, phezu amaziko neebhanki nezinye iinkampani ze kumacandelo ezoqoqosho nkulu. Le meko iye ngokuba "oligarchy zemali." Oku imeko eyahluke kulo naliphi ilizwe. Kwisikali aluka le mali ezibonakalayo i umlinganiswa ngamazwe.

Oligarchy emhlabeni

Le oligarchy zemali - into leyo ibonakala kumazwe amaninzi. Cinga Germany, leyo phezu olwandulela leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, 6 iibhanki ubesele kwizikhundla zobunkokheli kwiinkampani 344 ukusuka kwicandelo mveliso, abameli urhulumente 407 kunye nommeli 751 kwicandelo likarhulumente. Inani abaphathi bank abe ngaphantsi kwe mveliso 51. Union yachuma ixesha elide. US oligarchy mali ifomati eyahlukileyo. A band imxinwa angamakhulu amane amadoda, eziquka mveliso kunye kubananisi, wathabatha kwizikhundla zolawulo malunga 705 kwi iinkampani 250 ekule 42% of capital eli lizwe.

Kwimeko nganye kwezi amazwe nkulu onke amasebe ebalulekileyo zoqoqosho uninzi kobutyebi loluntu ilawulwa yi-Union of beebhanki abanempembelelo kunye mveliso. Ulawulo abadibeneyo nkulu babe oligarchy zemali. Le nkcazelo ngqo, kodwa ngokoqobo lo binzana licaciswe ngokuthi "ukongamela kwalowo ezimbalwa."

Le oligarchy zemali - le meko yandile kwaye eqhelekileyo kumazwe amaninzi ehlabathini, kuquka naseRashiya. Ngenxa yokuba i-capital Russian ke mncinane European zonke, kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukuthatha uncedo eyinkunzi angaphandle phambi revolution. mboleko amazwe ezisetyenziswa namhlanje zombini njengoko izibonelelo kunye noncedo ifomati yemveliso labucala. ERashiya umdla mboleko kwakhokelela ekubeni urhulumente nomtsalane ngakumbi kumaqela Western eYurophu. Ngoko ke, lo oligarchy yezimali zeli lizwe buzinze ukuba becala phandle, kwaye usebenzisana ngokusondeleyo ongxowankulu amazwe.

Imeko yezoqoqosho

Ukongamela kwalowo ezimbalwa kuchaphazela onke amacandelo umsebenzi karhulumente, kuquka uqoqosho. Le oligarchy zemali, inkcazelo leyo ixhomekeke ulwalathiso impembelelo yayo kubonakaliswe format "inkqubo inxaxheba" kuqoqosho. Umongo isekelwe phezu ilifa iqela labantu engundoqo inkampani joint-stock, lowo wongamele elo qela. Le yinkampani enye, kunye nelifa esibondeni wokulawula, unamandla ngisho phezu "nkampani", nayo leyo abanayo imali kwiiwadi zabo. Le oligarchy zemali kunye neendlela zayo kobunganga kuvumela abaphathi zemali ukulawula iimali ezinkulu zemali amazwe.

ukubunjwa oligarchy

In the US oligarchy kwakukho amaqela zemali 8 eNgilani phezu izintso bangamalungu amakhulu eziliqela abantu eFransi owawusebenza 200 iintsapho ezaziwayo Italy - kancinane ngaphantsi kwe-150 The oligarchy zemali - isakhiwo solawulo esimbaxa, ukuyilwa leyo ibalulekile. Negalelo ekomelezeni ubume nemibutho yoshishino kunye imibutho yenkcubeko, sokubandakanyeka imiyalelo kunye nazo zonke iintlobo iiklabhu. Ingqibelelo kuluntu yembono ivumela ukuba ukwandisa amandla kwisigaba yemveliso ukuya superstructure. Umphefumlo ekuhlaleni ifake unxulumano luluvo ezifana njengoko oligarchy zemali. Ukubaluleka nkqu ngamaxesha ezifana noqeqesho kwabasebenzi zobugcisa kwakunye nongqondongqondo nokondla.

umphakathi adoption

Ukwenziwa iofisi karhulumente emxinwa zeNkampani wabumba uluvo ngumntu uluntu ngoncedo lwe-Edumedia. It ukhuphe uhlobo qho ngokwasengqondweni, kwindawana lonke imeko elite sigqibo. nabalawulayo Political igcina amandla ngenxa yempembelelo eceleni. Oku kuphela eendaba, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, ifuthe kuluntu kufuneka isikolo, uncedo ubomi nendlu yonke imihla. Ngoko ke, abantu kwizikhundla zobunkokheli, kodwa musa inkxaso mazwi revolution ngokuzenzekela ukunxibelelanisa izixhobo sigqibo.

Le oligarchy zemali - yinto isenzeko omkhulu-isikali

Le oligarchy mali ngenkuthalo lisebenzisa imigaqo de facto abadla bodwa, ukunika inzuzo enkulu yaye ngakumbi ukusuka umbutho iinkampani ngokudibeneyo stock yi umba izabelo kwiintambo, ukususela ngokubonelela ngemali-mboleko karhulumente kunye nezivumelwano karhulumente ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. Buzinze ezandleni kakhulu, ikomkhulu zemali gqolo uqokelela inani kuluntu kwaye ukusa kumkhamo othile, incam loohlohlesakhe bodwa.

Zithethwa ihlabathi zolawulo loluntu

elite Financial noshishino isebenzisa ulawulo esisigxina phezu kwezigqibo, hayi nje kuphela kweli entsimini-nkqubo yezoqoqosho, koko kwinqanaba loluntu. Oku spliced ube namandla elilodwa kwezoqoqosho iimonopoli kunye namandla karhulumente yongxowankulu. iinkqubo bodwa karhulumente kunye nolawulo zenzelwe ukuphelisa izimpi capitalism ke, ekugqibeleni, izilangazelelo ngamandla zabantu.

Esinye seziganeko ezimbalwa ehlabathini, egubungela xesha, onke amazwe - lo oligarchy zemali. Ntoni na, siya kuba nakho ukuqonda, ukuba ukuqikelela isikali ifuthe layo kuluntu jikelele. Elite, nto leyo buzinze ezandleni zonke ezingahambisekiyo kweli lizwe, ngokusebenzayo efuna omhlaba yonke imisebenzi kwaye igxininisa iinkqubo umanyano, ngokucwangcisiweyo ophuhlisa ngamazwe mveliso kunye yebhanki bodwa. Oku kwenza ukuvela amaqela mali kwinqanaba lamazwe ngamazwe. Oku kuqinisa umdla ezinxityelelanisiweyo of oligarchs ehlabathini lonke, nto leyo inegalelo ekumiseni igunya namandla.

Utshintsho kwi isakhiwo oligarchy ngexesha zazivelela

Le oligarchy zemali eRashiya, eMelika kunye nakwamanye amazwe ehlabathini lonke ixesha, ukutshintsha kunye nophuhliso karhulumente-abadla bodwa capitalism kunye ngendaleko ifomathi kwempahla longxowankulu. Nkqu ngamaxesha ngakumbi ubukho bezinto oligarchy impiriyali, ishishini mali yayisekelwe ikakhulu ngokusekelwe kwiziko usapho kunye ubukhosi. Ngokomzekelo, i-Rockefeller Group kunye Dupont, Mellon kunye Peugeot nezinye. Yoxinaniso kwimveliso kunye nokwanda umlinganiselo eyinkunzi wasentsomini ngokudibene ne kukhuphiswano phakathi nemibutho monopolistic bezisa umgaqo yengingqi kwindawo yokuqala kusekwe kwaye ekomelezeni indawo oligarchy. Le ikhula kuye kwaphawulwa kwixesha post-imfazwe ka 1939-1945. Apha kwindawo lubalaseleyo alandelayo amaqela zemali zavela ehlabathini, eChicago California, Boston kunye eBavaria, nezinye. Ngokuchasene imvelaphi yokukhulisa ukhuphiswano sele 50-70th. waphila kwaye isebenze usapho siseko dynastic of ukubunjwa amaqela zemali. Umzekelo: Getty uBukhosi kunye Hunt, Thurn neeteksi, Kuhlmann-kabu. Kweli xesha oko kwabhalwa ekuphunyezweni isakhiwo oligarchy mali lwabaphathi inkulu ehlabathini. Ukongamela kwalowo oligarchy zemali, ezifana kuxhotyiwe kwaye eqhubeka ekuthobeni ezingangqinelaniyo kungekuphela phakathi sabasebenzi kunye noohlohlesakhe, kodwa impixano phakathi asaphuhlayo kunye namazwe yaphuhliswa.