Kodwa kutheni kufuneka, le ubushushu oluthile yokutsha

Emva kukhubazeko nokulungiswa nokugxotha abantu abadala ukulungiselela iimfuno zabo sihlala sifuna ezinye iindlela ezintsha zokusebenzisa umlilo, amafutha ezintsha. Zamafutha asetyenziswe iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezinokuvutha: eqinileyo, elulwelo, sukube. Kwaye nale yonke ubushushu oluthile omlilo?

Silinganisa inani ubushushu eveliswe ukutshiswa 1 kg ye cube eqinileyo okanye 1. imitha wenkqu sukube, - oko ke ubushushu ethile amandla omlilo. Kulungiselelwa iSingqinisiso yayo wasebenzisa esiyijowule ikilogram (okanye nge-cubic meter) okanye calories ikilogram.

Kakade ukusuka nkcazelo kucacile ukuba loo mbono njenge ubushushu ethile amandla omlilo ivumela uthelekiso phakathi oli ezahlukeneyo ngokwabo. Eneneni, oku kuthetha umlinganiselo wamandla ngohlobo ubushushu zingafumaneka kwi-unit amafutha. into yonke, eli xabiso liza kuba ezahlukeneyo. Sokuqondwa ngokucacileyo ngakumbi kubhekisela ncwadi.

Kubonakala ukuba ngomthi ubushushu oluthile yokutsha yi 8,4-11 MJ / kg, kodwa uya amalahle 15-16 MJ / kg. Kuthetha ntoni oku?

Kodwa nantsi into ilula kakhulu. Enye ikhilogram amalahle xa itshiswe inika ubushushu phantse izihlandlo ezibini ngaphezulu kwe wafumana ngokutshiswa kwekilogram iinkuni, kwaye apha sithetha malunga iinkuni kunye nokufuma ethile. Ngenxa ukuba ukufuma umthi ophakamileyo, inxalenye amandla thermal ziza kusetyenziselwa abe ngumphunga kunye vaporization amanzi eziqulethwe iinkuni kwaye iziphumo zokugqibela ziya kuba ngakumbi kunabo.

Sekunjalo sinako ukuqwalasela isicelo eluncedo kolu luvo ukuya zobugcisa. Siya umva kancinci, ngexesha koololiwe zomphunga steamships. Ukususela yokuba sibona ubushushu oluthile ukutshiswa amafutha (umthi kunye namalahle) yahlukile kule, kuye kucace ukuba ngendlela efanayo eya kaloliwe okanye iinkuni umkhumbi kufuneka ngaphezu namalahle. Kakade ke, ukuba sicingela ukuba amandla bachitha endleleni ngendlela efanayo, kungakhathaliseki amafutha.

Yaye kuvela esinye isigqibo kumzekelo ngasentla. Ukwazi ubushushu ethile amandla omlilo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukumisela kukwazi ukuqhuba iphenyane kaloliwe okanye ngomkhombe njani kwiikhilomitha ezininzi, ukuba unikezelo iinkuni amafutha okanye namalahle. Ukuba izibaso amandla ukuze wenze impazamo, koko zonke izithuthi kwindlela ziya kuphela.

Sele zenziwe ngokuphathekayo kwi uqala ukhetho iyinto engeyomfuneko. Uyakwazi ukuthelekisa izinto ezahlukeneyo uze ubone ithuba ukusebenzisa kwabo kwimeko ethile njengokuba amafutha, ngokunjalo ukuvavanya ifuthe kwesi sicelo.

Kutsha nje olwenziwe kakhulu intetho malunga lenguqu ukuya kweminye imithombo yamandla endaweni zepetroli. Ukuba ukhangela le ngxaki ngokwembono zamandla amathuba wamafutha ochukumisa nayiphi na inkalo kulo mba, imeko kucaca nengafihliyo. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, kunye nezinye iingqwalasela, ubushushu oluthile ukutshiswa zepetroli yi 44-47 MJ / kg ethyl utywala - 27 MJ / kg. Nangona utywala ethyl ilungele ukusetyenziswa, zibe kukudla injini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi, xa sithelekisa data ngasentla ifunyenwe ngale meko efanayo njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, kunye iinkuni namalahle. Ethyl utywala Kufuneka ngakumbi, uya ukuqhuba imoto kwi kwisikhululo igesi kancinci, kwaye amandla injini ngokusebenzisa utywala ukuze bawe.

Nangona kunjalo, oku kubhekiselele ethyl utywala okanye methyl. Ukuba ukusetyenziswa njengendlela amafutha butyl utywala, ubushushu bakhe ezithile yokutsha iyafana naleyo zepetroli, le automakers amalinge eluncedo ukuqinisekisa ithuba ukusetyenziswa kwayo amafutha endaweni zepetroli, kodwa kungafuni umba.

Ngenxa yoko, kuye kucace ukuba ubushushu ethile amandla yokutsha na uphawu iziyobisi, xa amafutha ethile. Eli xabiso ikuvumela ukuba uthelekise izakhono kwezinto ezahlukeneyo kunye neemathiriyeli, ahluze eziluncedo zabo nezingalunganga.