Social Democrat Agasti Bebel: engobomi, iimpawu imisebenzi kunye namanqaku anika umdla

Wezopolitiko kunye nombhali Agasti Bebel wazalwa Februwari 22, 1840 kwisixeko waseJamani Cologne. Yena unyana wegosa ihlwempu non-ethunywe. Uyise babulawa sephepha xa inkwenkwe eselula kakhulu. unina ongumhlolokazi nawo lo mntwana kwidolophu zingomi ka Wetzlar. Kukho Agasti Bebel waya esikolweni.

ukubunjwa

Kwiminyaka 14, i-Socialist elizayo waqalisa ukufunda izakhono owodwa umshini. Imini yakhe yokusebenza yathatha iiyure ezili-14. Xa ixesha elifutshane ngexesha ezamahala elivisayo Ndafunda lukhulu, incwadi ukufunxa emva ncwadi. imisebenzi yakhe ayithanda ngayo iinoveli "Robinson Crusoe" yaye "yabahamba uMalume Tom kaThixo." Incwadi yokugqibela yanikezelwa ingxaki zobukhoboka eMelika. Ngoko ke, nokuba nokubhala incasa kuphetshwa yabonisa ngokucacileyo nokungalungi oselula Bebel.

Funda, umbhali elizayo yaba eninzi ojikelezayo. ENodi ndayiphosa ezininzi iindawo, kodwa ekugqibeleni, wazinza Leipzig. Ngexesha lokuhamba Agasti Bebel utheze amava emile njengomntu. Ukuze isebenze njenge journeyman ohambahambayo, waba ixesha elide abasabela ngayo abasemagunyeni, ezimisa emva revolution 1848.

Ukuqala semisebenzi yezentlalo

Kanye xa August Bebel wayehlala Leipzig (1860), kulo lonke iJamani umkhondo imvuselelo ubomi kwezopolitiko. Yandisa inani lezimangalo kunye nemiboniso ye abangasebenziyo. ukunganeliseki yaba iziko hayi kuphela Leipzig kodwa eBerlin kunye Elberfeld. Phantsi kwezi meko, efana amakhowa emva kwemvula waqalisa kuvela neemanyano zabasebenzi. Ngowe-1861 Bebel Avgust wazibandakanya Vocational Educational Society.

Lo mbutho wenza Turner odumileyo. Wafunda nje kuphela kakhulu kodwa baba isenzo rhoqo phambi kwabantu. Kungekudala Bebel kwahlanganiswa kulawulo yenkampani. Kodwa ukufuna abazange bamvumele ukuba ahlale kumsebenzi wokufundisa. Ngowe-1866, Bebel, kunye Vilgelmom Libknehtom waseka i Saxon yaBantu Party. Ngelo xesha linye wezopolitiko waba usihlalo weBhunga neemanyano zabasebenzi.

wenkqubo yobuSoshali iziphethe

Xa isikhundla sakhe esitsha Agasti Bebel baya rapprochement kunye Yokuqala International. isigqibo sakhe impikiswano eshushu kweli iqela. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba bahlukane. Ngowe-1869, Bebel wathabatha eqeqesha omtsha Social-Democratic Labour Party, elisuke laba flagship ngezimvo ngasekhohlo-nephiko eJamani. nkqubo Umsebenzi kwakubaluleke kakhulu kubo bonke abaxhasi bakhe kunye nabo. Oku kungqinwa ubuncinane kukuba uKarl Marx ingqalelo kuye inkokeli ubalaseleyo waseJamani Social Democracy.

Nokuba kunyulo 1867 ukuya Reichstag of the North German Union, leyo wonyulwa Agasti Bebel. nkqubo Biography ngumzekelo ubomi bomntu, kude kube sekuphelisweni kwephakade babanga ukuba izimvo zabo. Xa phakathi imfazwe nxamnye eFransi, Bebel wanikela intetho lomlilo apho wabongoza ukuba enze uxolo kunye isiFrentshi, ngenxa solidarity abasebenzi onke amazwe. Kuba lo isithethi bazama ukuba ukuvukela. Kwindibano Leipzig ulingo Agasti Bebel Social Democrat wagwetywa iminyaka emibini entolongweni.

intshutshiso

Entolongweni, oluninzi nkqubo sizifundise, ngoko nkqu entolongweni yakhe, wakwazi ukuchitha kunye inzuzo. Kungekudala Bebel wakhululwa yaye waqhubeka ukulwela amalungelo abasebenzi. Ngowe-1878 wagxothwa Leipzig waba ngumama. Isizathu sokuba amandla zocindezelo yaba "Umthetho Anti-Socialist." Olu xwebhu, esayinwe Kaiser UWilhelm I, wavalwa imisebenzi iqela leftist ngaphandle ePalamente.

Bebel waqala ukuhlala Borsdorf. Waqhubeka bahambe lizwe kunye nokuqhuba umsebenzi Party semi-zomthetho, kuba ngawo kabini wagwetywa stints mfutshane entolongweni. Ukupapashwa kwale 70s kanye 80s. wabonisa ngubani Agasti Bebel ukusuka kwindawo ezizinzululwazi umbono. Waye lweli azinikele of Karla Marksa kunye nezimvo zakhe zichazwe "Capital". Bebel wamelana revisionism kwi Socialism ngoko German, ijonge ngokutsha isiseko imfundiso ekhohlo.

"Mfazi and ndawonye"

aphorisms ezininzi kunye nezicatshulwa Avgusta Bebelya baziwa iincwadi zakhe. Umsebenzi ongundoqo yaye uninzi ngokumangalisayo umbhali ingaqatshelwa ethi "Mfazi kunye iSocialism," epapashwe ngo-1878. Le ncwadi yaba sisiphumo iminyaka emininzi yomsebenzi. Emva ngo 1869 Bebel yaba ipalamente yokuqala Reichstag siphakamise umba wokhuseleko ngokusemthethweni umsebenzi yabafazi.

Umbhali lomzabalazo yesigaba ukuchasa lobungxowankulu ukulwela amalungelo. Ngokutsho Bebel, akazange akwazi ukuphelisa society ukuxhomekeka kwezoqoqosho abafazi phezu kwabantu, ukusebenza abafazi ubukhoboka, ngomzimba kunye nomkhethe ngokwesondo indlu zesiqhelo. Eyona njongo iphambili yale Socialist kule miba umbhali ingqalelo impumelelo ukulingana ngokwesini. Kule ncwadi, umbhali, kwelinye icala, wachaza imbali yobume wabafazi ekuhlaleni, yaye kwelinye - wachaza neminqweno nabaxhasi babo ngokunxulumene nemiba yabafazi. Le ncwadi yapapashwa kulo nje unyaka emva kokuba "Umthetho Anti-Socialist." Ngoko ke, oko ngoko nangoko emva kokuvela kwakhe yaba sirhoxisiwe ngabasemagunyeni. Noko ke, kule ncwadi Bebel wazuza ezikhulayo kuphela ngokuthandwa.

antimilitarist

Ngowe-1889, yaye yasekwa yi-International Second. Imisebenzi kwiminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe Bebel kwakuhambisana ikakhulu kunye nalo mbutho. Ngamabelana intshukumo Social-Democratic ehlabathini lonke ndithembele kuye imisebenzi ebalulekileyo. Bebel, iimvume ezempilo, wayesoloko inxaxheba Congress of the International. Ingakumbi okuphawuleka benze yakhe ngo-1904 kuloo nkongolo e Amsterdam.

Kwaye ngo 1907 e Stuttgart Bebel kwakhona, njengokuba kwiminyaka wakhe omnci, ukugxekwa abaxhasi ubumfazwe. Kuloo nkongolo ubuhanjelwe émigré Russian Vladimir Lenin. Inkokeli iiBolsheviks, kwakunye Roza Lyuksemburg kunye Menshevik Julius Martov wenza izilungiso ezimbalwa ukuya isigqibo Bebel kaThixo, apho wavuma. Inguqulelo lokugqibela uxwebhu wabiza abasebenzi xa kukho ingozi wemfazwe bakhusele nembono yabo phambi kwabo amagunya abo, kuquka besebenzisa iindlela ezingezo-epalamente omzabalazo.

Ukufa kwelifa

Bebel wafa ngoAgasti 13, 1913 Passugge kwisixeko Swiss. Ngokutsho ngokokuthanda-nkqubo, wangcwatywa Zurich. Kwi kokuhamba bakhe balila kungekuphela eJamani kodwa kwamanye amazwe amaninzi ehlabathini lonke. Irallie kukhunjulwa yali eyayibanjelwe eRashiya, eMelika, kwaye nkqu Australia. Ema welungelo abasebenzi zaye zashicilelwa kuwo onke amaphepha yokusebenza.

Malunga Bebel wathetha ngentlonelo enzulu uLenin kunye namanye iiBolsheviks. Bakhalaza ukuba ingcamango akunakuphepheka wenguqu epheleleyo yobusoshiyali. Oziphethe ikholelwa amanyathelo wezigalo owawusilwa abasemagunyeni ngemfuneko ukuphelisa ubomi ngaphantsi sokukholelwa ukuba ekhohlo unako ukufikelela kwiimfuno zabo ngokusebenzisa yepalamente. Ngaphezu koko, Bebel walumkisa ukuba abasemagunyeni zizingela ngokukhethekileyo abasebenzi ekuxhelweni impiriyalizim, xa iqondo iklasi incandescence kuluntu yaseYurophu egqitha kumda. Ngenxa yesi sizathu okanye omnye, kodwa ngokwenene leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi waqalisa kuphela konyaka emva kokufa yali odumileyo.