Nokungalaleli zoLutsha e Russia

Kwilizwe nemeko ulwaphulo eliphezulu ukusongela amanqaku ulwaphulo-mthetho ongumntwana. Kuluntu, kulo mzekelo omile iimeko ukubandakanywa abasakhulayo izinto ezingekho mthethweni. Kwimeko enjalo, imimiselo yezomthetho kufuneka ukunika impendulo urhulumente ngokwaneleyo ukuba kwenzeka ntoni. Esilandelayo ingxaki ubunjubaqa namantshontsho.

of the Code Criminal

Xa zonke akhawunti, kubonelelwe kuMgaqo-Code, isohlwayo isicelo senze ukusuka kwiminyaka eli-16. Nangona kunjalo, uMgaqo Criminal uqulathe inani amalungiselelo apho liability yiminyaka-14. Le yokugqibela ziquka nqaku:

• 105 - "Ukubulala".
• 111 - "ngabom ebangela umonakalo omkhulu empilweni."
• 126 - "ukweba".
• 112 - "ngabom ebangela umonakalo kwimpilo womxhuzulane medium of".
• 131 - "Rape".
• 158 - "abawebayo".
• 132 - "ukuhlaselwa ngokwesini".
• 163 - "nokuphamba."
• 162 - "ukuphanga".
• 161 - "ukuphanga".
• 166 - "nokuhlutha olungekho isithuthi ngaphandle kwenjongo amaxhoba."
• 167 (part-2) - ". Umonakalo ngabom / ukutshatyalaliswa kwempahla phambi inkunzi"
• 206 - "Lowo-ukungenisa".
• 205 - "Terrorism".
• 213 (indawo yeziqendu 2 no-3) - "iimeko mandundu Disorder".
• 214 - "mbhodamo".
• 226 - "ukuphanga / ukubelwa izixhobo, izixhobo, iziqhushumbisi okanye izixhobo edubulayo."
• 267 - 'Ukuzisa iindlela ephuthileyo zonxibelelwano okanye iindlela zokuhamba ".
• 229 - "erhwaphiliza / ubusela iziyobisi ezidakumbisayo okanye izinto psychotropic."

izivakalisi Iimpawu

mthetho ongumntwana libhekisela abantu, ngexesha betyala wafikelela kwiminyaka eli-14, kodwa zange ijikwa 18. Asizizo zonke iintlobo isohlwayo singasebenza ezikhoyo ezinjalo. Ingakumbi, le entolongweni akakwazi iminyaka engaphezu kwama-10, nokubulaleka okulungisa - ngaphezu konyaka. Ndikhonza isivakalisi ngokuqhelekileyo luqhutywa kumathanga emfundo okanye indlela eqhelekileyo ngcono. Xa kokugweba, inkundla ithatha ingqalelo iimeko zobomi umntwana, uphuhliso ingakumbi engqondweni, izinga nempembelelo lwabadala. Ukungaphumeleli ukufikelela yobudala emntaneni luthathwa ngokuba imeko ezithile. ezi zohlwayo zilandelayo zinokusetyenziswa abakwishumi elivisayo:

1. Fine.
2. umsebenzi ezinyanzelekileyo okanye okulungisa.
3. Ukuthintelwa nawuphi na umsebenzi.
4. YokuBamba kwakho.
5. Ukuvalelwa ixesha elithile. Ukuba isenzo womxhuzulane minor okanye aphakathi okokuqala azenzileyo, inkundla kukhupha zoLutsha kubutyala kunye namanyathelo ezinyanzelekileyo lemfundo kufuneka lufakwe kuye.
6. Isilumkiso.
7. imbopheleleko eyakhayo wokulungisa umonakalo.
8. Ukutshintshela phantsi kweliso labazali okanye ulawulo lwe-arhente ezikhethekileyo.
9. kobudala ixesha lokuzonwabisa, ukusekwa imithetho ethile yokuziphatha.

Senze kunokusetyenziswa ngaxeshanye amanyathelo aliqela. Uthintelo sikuko echaza ubuso umonakalo iye yabangela, kwaye ineziphumo wavuka izenzo zakhe. Ukuze wokulungisa umonakalo sifundo eziphathekayo, ukuba imali kuphela. Ukuze lo mthetho usebenza kuphela s / n, kodwa kananjalo yokufunda kunye nezinye iingenelo. Kwimeko yokusilela yenkqubo senze ezimiselweyo imithetho irhoxisiwe amanyathelo zemfundo, kunye nezinto zetyala yakhe yamthumela ukuba inkundla, esingethe umbandela umbuzo yokuzisa ukuba ubutyala phantsi Code Criminal.

Isiphumo abadala

Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo ubunjubaqa namantshontsho. Nakanye omncinanana phakathi kwazo impembelelo embi abantu abadala. Ukuziqhelisa, zininzi iimeko apho abantwana azibandakanya kwimisebenzi mthethweni, kunye namagosa aphezulu. Njengoko baphembeleli kaninzi oku bekwenza recidivists. Enyanisweni, izandla ebudaleni amacala anzima. Ngokwenza njalo, badla ukuphepha uxanduva.

Ukuqwalasela ezibangela ubunjubaqa ongumntwana, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba abaninzi abantwana abo singathandi azalisekise izithethe esekwe ekuhlaleni, uza kudibana umntu omdala, ingasizakali kubo umvuzo ngokohlobo izinto, bona ngokwabo ezibiweyo.

Kwezinye iimeko, indima abadala esibonakaliswa izenzo ezo nto ezinxulumene ngqo ikhomishini isenzo ethile mthethweni. Noko ke, abadala nefuthe elibi elivisayo, ekhuthaza kakubi ukuziphatha okubi. Ngokukodwa, oku kunxulumene kwicandelo lophuhliso ngokwesini bantwana. Inxaxheba yabantu abadala nokwanda ngokwesondo kudala emhlabeni otyebileyo kuyo ngoko ubunjubaqa cultured namantshontsho. Iinkcukacha-manani zibonisa abantwana ukuba malunga omnye kwabathathu abaye benza isenzo mthethweni, bt ngokwesondo ekuqaleni. Ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sabo neentlobano neentlobano zesini namabhinqa abadala kunye namantombazana.

izinto zengqondo

Ekusombululeni ingxaki-mthetho ongumntwana, iingcali uqaphele ukuba ngexesha lokusekwa iifom exeshana eliphakathi yesimo kukho inconstancy ethile ukuyilwa kweempendulo inhibitory. Xa isencinci nokuziphatha kakhulu ndlongondlongo waphawula buthathaka ulwazi ngokubaluleka zizinto ngomlomo. Olu didi zabaphuli mthetho obizwa ngokuba zimpi. Bantwana, nokungalaleli mthetho ongumntwana yahlukile omdala ukuba isencinci benze izenzo ngaphandle ukucinga ngemiphumo. Ngenxa umthetho, ukuba eziqhutywa ngequbuliso nekhawulezayo abadlulayo zokuthanda nayiphi na into. Kungenxa yoko le nto izenzo inkqubo ngokuchasene umntu obenziwe isencinci, kuyimfuneko ukuba usebenzise indlela ekhethekileyo kunye isilumkiso.

ifomu ukuziphatha ukwanda nesithukuthezi excitation ubukho phezu inhibition. Le propati luyenyuka xa amava ngqo. Oku kucacisa into yokuba umntwana kulula abadala, izixhobo inkanuko injongo mthethweni ukuba basebenzise ubundlobongela. Ngokusebenzisa ekuhlalutyeni ubunjubaqa ongumntwana, iisayikholojisti abaninzi ukusekela izigqibo zabo into yokuba ingakumbi e-nervous system zingachaphazela indlela ngokubonakala isenzo esithile. Ngelo xesha, ubundlobongela lisebenza binzana, hayi umxholo senzo ukuziphatha mthethweni. Umzekelo olothusayo lobuninzi, ingakumbi, unako ukukhonza ube yindawo ulwaphulo ku tekelela.

Ifuthe ngokomzimba

nokungalaleli lolutsha kwiimeko ezininzi, kuxhomekeke ngqo kwi nohlobo ukufikisa. Kulo mzekelo, oku nje kuphela kubonakala ekusebenzeni izibilini ingqondo. Ingakumbi ukufikisa limisela uhlobo nokuziphatha umntwana. Oku kubonakala ngakumbi xa izenzo kuqwalaselwa zinyhasha sphere ixhoba ngokwesondo (ukudlwengula, njalo njalo). Xa isifundo kwicala zesimo ulwaphulo wokuziphatha ngokunxaxha, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuthatha ingqalelo yokuba ukuphuhliswa kwenkqubo dystrophy, inkqubo skeletal unefuthe ulwazi sabantu abatsha ngamandla abo. ezisencinci abaninzi baziva neqhayiya imeko yabo, funa ukubonisa amandla. Oku kudla ngokuphumela kwizenzo nodlame.

nokungalaleli ongumntwana: Statistics

Ebudeni bexesha elide uphando ngemeko ubugebengu abonisa ukwanda kwenani yezenzo ezingekho mthethweni ezenziwa bantwana. Ukukhula ubunjubaqa ongumntwana waphawula kwiminyaka ye-USSR. Le meko uyaqhubeka namhlanje. Okwangoku, amanani of nobunjubaqa zoLutsha eRashiya ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• 40% of isencinci ababanjelwe ubusela;
• 13% - ngenxa yokuphanga;
• 14% - ngenxa yokuphanga;
• 5% - kuba kubulawa.

Iyonke kumathanga emfundo eziqulathwe amawaka 12.7. Abantu. ERashiya, kukho 3 amaziko for girls iminyaka 14-18 ubudala. Ukungqinelana nomgaqo-Code Criminal omtsha kumathanga zemfundo uvumelekile ukuba athumele abantu ukuya kwiminyaka engama-20. Ngaphezu kwama-70% of igweba bathothoza izigwebo zabo akukho imfundo.

nokungalaleli zoLutsha e Russia

Kule minyaka idlulileyo sibone ukwanda kwenani amatyala enziwe bantwana. Kule zolutsha ubunjubaqa ekhulayo amaxesha 7 ngokukhawuleza ngaphezu utshintsho kwenani labemi lilonke kweli qela lobudala. Kwezinye iingingqi abantwana ezichaza imeko ulwaphulo-mthetho ngokubanzi. Ngoko, ingakumbi uphuhliso lolutsha kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho ongumntwana e Murmansk kunye Sakhalin, Kemerovo, ena, iingingqi Archangelsk. Apho abantwana benza yonke isenzo wesithathu mthethweni.

iinyaniso ezibalulekileyo

Kuyo yonke le minyaka apho ubunjubaqa isifundo zoLutsha, i-Russian Federation ziqukwe kuluhlu lwe kumazwe ye-USSR, apho waye liphezulu. Kwi-avareji, kwaye kwaqatshelwa ukuba ngeminyaka 5 likhule nge-14-17%. Ukwanda kolwaphulo mthetho ongumntwana ukususela 1975, kukhatshwa unciphiso okanye ukunyuka okungephi kakhulu inani lilonke kolu didi yabemi. Noko ke, kwakubhalwa zisiba of imeko ubugebengu jikelele kweli lizwe. Ulwaphulo-mthetho equka onke amacandelo oluntu, kodwa iqela elivisayo yaba phantse lonke yeyona kakhulu.

imikhuba emibi ziye zabona ngaloo maxesha xa amanyathelo abangqwabalala ngokwaneleyo sesohlwayo bantwana baye zaziswa. Kule minyaka 1973-1984 ukukhula irekhodi yolwaphulo nomthinjana ngaphambi yokwanda kwenani emacala kweli qela. Inani elipheleleyo abantwana wagwetywa ukuvalelwa entolongweni kwisithuba kwithuba elikhankanyiweyo iye phambili. Ngowe-1981-1985 gg. i avareji yenani ngonyaka icala uye waba ngowona lonke ixesha post-revolution. Kakhulu utshintsho kwiziphumo zobalo ungenza kokulinganisa iirekhodi. Ngenxa kobhaliso iziphene, ozibonayo amahlwempu izenzo ezingekho mthethweni ngenxa yokusebenza abantwana owona yabonisa amaxesha phezu 3-4 ngokusesikweni data.

ezingalunganga yenkqubo

Akuyonto ukulwa ulwaphulo-mthetho ongumntwana ikhokelela nje kuphela kwezithintelo ezaziwayo-kakuhle ezingenamandla ze emfanekisweni ngenxa yokulimala yobhaliso izenzo, kodwa ukuba ezingachanekanga kwaye engeyizizo yolwaphulo-nkqubo nxamnye nemincili kunye namatyala phantsi kophando, kwakunye ngokubulawa isohlwayo. Iinkqubo ze izenzo ezenziwa fragmenting ngokwenene. . Oku kungenxa ukuthingaza nabaphandi badla ukufaka bonke abathathi-nxaxheba ulwaphulo-mthetho, zonke iziqephu, unxibelelwano, njl Ekusebenzeni icace phandle ukuba yobusela ngaphandle abarhwebi kwizityholo kunye gunners, intelekelelo - ngaphandle ukuthenga nabaququzeleli abakhotyokiswe-geqe, ngaphandle abenzi kubasasazi, njalo-njalo. Zonke ezi zinto banoxanduva ukufiphala womfanekiso ulwaphulo-mthetho. Ekunciphiseni ulwaphulo-mthetho ongumntwana oko kwenzeka eyenziweyo: kunciphisa inani elipheleleyo lezifundo owaphule isenzo kumaqela ahlukeneyo ubudala abandakanyeka kuzo, njalo-njalo.

ngumba

Zimeko criminological eziphembelela uphuhliso nobunjubaqa phakathi elivisayo ziquka:

1. yokukhula kwenani labemi kwiqela of bantwana.
2. Ngonyawo lonwabu wokuphunyezwa amanyathelo ezijoliswe ekuphuculeni izinto kakuhle-ntle kwiintsapho.
3. libya wobomi. Ingakumbi oku kusebenza kwiintsapho enkulu kunye nabazali single.
4. ingqesho ngokugqithisileyo oomama kufuneka ukuba basebenze nokugcina indlela yobomi, ukuba abantwana.
5. inani elingonelanga lezikolo zemfundo kunye preschools.
6. umbutho Poor kweenkonzo zoluntu.

Ukongeza, kuba ukukreqa ongumntwana landa yi ezi zinto zilandelayo:

1. iimeko zemfundo Poor entsatsheni.
2. Ukunqongophala uncedo kubazali ngootitshala.
3. uqeqesho Poor, umsebenzi wokufundisa ephambili kumaziko.
4. umsebenzi Poor thumo ukujongana namatyala abasebatsha,-arhente zokunyanzelisa umthetho.

nempembelelo engentle kummandla we meko kwaye sibonelela icala kwinani imibutho engekho phantsi korhulumente, ogama imisebenzi kufuneka ijolise ekukhuthazeni abantwana amaziko, izikolo, iintsapho, amapolisa, enkundleni, ukutshutshiswa kunye nokuthintelwa nobunjubaqa namantshontsho.

Amanyathelo ukuphucula imeko

Okwangoku, uthintelo nobunjubaqa ongumntwana iqhutywa ngu KDN. IKhomishini zenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ngqo impefumlelwano kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo inkqubo zokunyanzeliswa komthetho. Noko ke, xa kusenziwa, sivame ukungaphumeleli KDN. Le meko kungenxa enkulu xa kuthelekiswa umthamo kwimicimbi yenkundla. imveliso oluMiselweyo kunye noviwo ngqo zemathiriyeli inikezela omnye, ngokufuthi akakhuselwanga eminye imisebenzi, umsebenzi ojongene weKhomishoni.

Ukusombulula le meko eziyimfuneko ukwakha umzimba ekhethekileyo loonontlalontle zobungcali. imithwalo yazo kufuneka kubandakanye imisebenzi ukuxhasa iintsapho. Aba abasebenzi kufuneka basebenzisane kunye nabantwana bekhula kwiintsapho ingxaki, abafundi ezintandane. Kufuneka kwakhona kubekho inkcazelo ecacileyo ngokomthetho ifom izinto ezinjalo. Namhlanje sele ziphuhlisiwe kwaye ukusebenzisa iseti amanyathelo ezongezelelweyo. Balwela:

1. Ukuphucula impilo elivisayo, imeko yabo engqondweni, ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwasengqondweni.
2. ulwabiwo Legal yemisebenzi karhulumente, uluntu kunye nentsapho bekhulisa abantwana njengoko sphere okhethekileyo, befuna iingenelo ubuninzi kunye eziluncedo kuthelekiswa neminye imimandla izibonelelo zentlalo kunye nemveliso.
3. imbuyekezo ngexesha ngokupheleleyo yelahleko elivisayo ukuba ilahleko ngabazali okanye kwintswelo usapho.
4. Ukoyisa lo engayenzanga kukarhulumente, ziyahlelwa abantwana, izifundo, ezilinyaziweyo inxaxheba kwimfundo yabo.
5. Ukudala iimeko ulondolozo, ukuphuculwa kunye nokusetyenziswa isakhono sabantwana yendalo kunye nabasebenzi.

amanyathelo

nkqubo zinika:

1. Ukusombulula iingxaki ezingundoqo ezinxulumene ekoyiseni ukungaqheleki ilifa, ukuhla wenzala ngabalawulwa enesifo mkhwa neziyobisi kunye butywala, uphuhliso engaqhelekanga ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwasengqondweni. Ngaphakathi kolu lwakhelo, la manyathelo ezijolise ekujonganeni nefuthe elibi iintsapho kwemichiza ezahlukeneyo, kuquka ukhathalelo lwempilo, iziyobisi, iinkqubo zokusingqongileyo, ukuphuculwa kweenkonzo maternity njalo njalo.
2. Kwiimeko zithile neziphambili nokwabiwa kwezibonelelo eziphathekayo, ukuxhasa usapho nganye akunakwenzeka, kwaye ngenene kangangoko kuyimfuneko, kuthathelwa kwamaxabiso akhawunti kunye nezinye iziganeko kwezoqoqosho.
3. Formation kunye nophuhliso lweenkonzo zenkxaso, uye abasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo kakhulu, izinto isiseko ngokwaneleyo. indalo yayo kufuneka ikhatshwe unciphiso ngaxeshanye amasebe, ingakumbi iSebe Interior isakhiwo esenzelwe lokuhlola kunye neentsapho yolawulo.
4. Formation of the yobugcisa, izinto kunye nezinye iimeko zobandakanyo eyondeleleneyo abasakhulayo kwizithuba zengqesho ezisisigxina kakuhle ihlawulwe.

isiphelo

Okwangoku, ingxaki ubunjubaqa ongumntwana kuyingozi kakhulu. Kudla ezithathwe kuluntu nakuRhulumente kweziganeko ayanelanga kakhulu ukusihlangula kuloo meko. Noko ke, kuye kwenziwe isixa esikhulu somsebenzi kakade, waza wanikela inani iziphumo ezihle. amanyathelo asebenzayo athathwe kwi inguqu kakhulu intsebenziswano kunye amancinci ngaphantsi ngamathanga yabasebenzi zemfundo. Kakade ke, ukuphucula imeko kusafuneka kwenziwe umsebenzi omkhulu. Kulo co-msebenzi kufuneka wenziwe ngqo nje kuphela abantwana ngokwabo, kodwa kunye nabasebenzi koogunyaziwe abanobuchule, amalungu nemibutho yoluntu. Ngokufuthi, emva ebuntwaneni akawuthandi kakhulu, ukuvalelwa, kwetyala, entolongweni iziko loluleko iba yokuhlala embi. Kwi inkululeko enetyala kungekho bani ukhathalele. Xa amathanga okufanayo umntu okokuqala, babeye banikele ingqalelo. Ambethe nokudla. Balala kwigumbi efudumeleyo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba kubonakale njani ngamazwi, kuba bubomi yinto eqhelekileyo.