Amaziko okulungiswa kweeRashiya

Ngamanye amaxesha umntu okhonza isigwebo ngenxa yecala uthi: "Bamfaka entolongweni." Ibinzana elinjalo lingasoloko livalelwe emva kwesigwebo esasetyenziswe enkundleni, xa ummangalelwa ethathwa.

Nangona kunjalo, oku akuthethi ukuba umntu uya kukhonza ixesha lakhe entolongweni. Ngenxa yoko, kukho iindawo ezahlukeneyo zokulungiswa kwezilungiso. Kuzo, kwaye wathumela abo bathotywa.

Iindidi ze-IU

Indlela eya kubanjwa ngayo intolongo kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezimbini. Eli nqaku, kunye nobukhulu bezophulo-mthetho ezenziwe. Ziziphi iintlobo zezibonelelo zokulungiswa kwezilungiso? Okokuqala, yi-SIZO. I-isolator yophando yenza umsebenzi we-IS kwiimeko ezinjalo:

- ukukhonza isivakalisi esingangeenyanga ezi-6;
- ufumana isohlwayo okokuqala, xa umoni (kunye nelicandelo elifanelekileyo) unokuhlala kwi-SIZO ngokwayo ngokwakhe ukwenza i-hozrabot eyahlukeneyo.

Udidi lwesibini lokuboshwa kwindawo yintolongo. Amaziko anjalo ahlukahlukeneyo. Ezi ziquka:
1. Iindawo zokuhlala kwiikholoni. Kwiindawo ezinjalo bathunyelwa abo benza ubugebengu ngokunyaniseka nokungabi nzulu. Kwi-colony-settlement, ngokutsho kwesigqibo senkundla, banokudlulisa abantu abathintekayo kwii-IU.
2. Iikholeji zombuso jikelele. Baye bathunyelwa ukulungiselela isigwebo sokuphinda baphose umthetho, kunye nalabo abenza ubugebengu obukhulu. Izigwenxa ziza apha, eziye zachongwa ekuqaleni kwiziko lokulungisa abantwana xa zifikelela kwiminyaka eyi-18 okanye ye-21.
3. Iiboloni zolawulo oluqinileyo. Lawa ngamaziko okulungiswa kolawulo, aqulethwe abo bathotywa ngamacala obundlobongela obukhulu, ngamanye amaxesha ngokuphindaphinda, kunye nabantu abaphulaphula imiqathango ekhona kwi-IC eneemeko ezingqongqo.
4. IiKoloni zonyango olulodwa. Bakhonza isivakalisi samadoda abenzile ubugebengu obunobungozi obuye bafumana isigwebo sempilo. Oku kusetshenziselwa ukudlulisela abo bantu, emva kokuxolelwa, bathatyathwa ngokunyanzelwa inkululeko.
5. Iintolongo. Ezi ziko zolawulo zidalwe ukulungiselela ukuhlwaywa kwezigwenxa zendoda eziza kubakho (ngokwesivakalisi senkundla) ezihlukeneyo kuluntu kwixesha elingaphezu kweminyaka emihlanu. Iintolongo ziyazithumela abo batyholwa abaye bawaphula ngokufanelekileyo urhulumente wekholoni.
6. Utyando kunye neZiko loLuleko. Lawa ngamaziko ezonyango, apho amabanjwa athunyelwa khona, agule ixesha elide. Oku kubhekisela kwisigxina esifuna unyango lwezilwanyana ezingapheliyo kunye nezifo zengqondo.

Kukho inkqubo yokulungiswa kwezilungiso kubantwana abasecaleni. Iquka i-IS ehlobene neminyaka yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Kuzo, amabanjwa asebenzayo kunye nokufumana imfundo efanayo, ukuqala phakathi kunye nokuphela kwesibini esikhethekileyo.

Injongo ye-IU

Zonke iindidi zamaziko okulungiswa komthetho ezibizwa ukuba zenze ijeziso ziyimibandela esemthethweni. Kwaye isigqibo malunga nokudalwa kwabo, kwaye, ukuba kunyanzelekile, ukucinywa kwamandla kukusebenza koburhulumente waseRashiya, odibanisa le nyathelo kunye namaqumrhu olawulo lwengingqi.

Zonke iintlobo zeendawo zokulungiswa kwezilungiso zenziwe:

- thobela imithetho yaseRussia;
- Ukuqinisekisa ukusemthethweni, umthetho kunye nokukhusela kwabo bonke abantu kwintsimi;
- ukutsala abantu abayingxenye yeSG ukuba basebenze kwaye bafeze uqeqesho lwabo (jikelele kunye nolwazi);
- qiniseka ngempilo yabatyala;
- yenza imisebenzi yokuphuhlisa isiseko kunye nezobugcisa kwiyunivesiti, kwakunye neyentlalo yentlalo;
- ukubonelela ngoncedo olunokwenzeka kumalungu aqhuba umsebenzi wokukhangela;
- ukuqinisekisa ukuba unyango olufanelekileyo lwabo bantu bavalelwe.

Iindawo apho abemi bakhonza izivakalisi zabo bahluke ngobunzima babo kunye nemeko yefuthe apho isivakalisi sisetyenziswa khona. Le nyaniso inokuchazwa yimiqathango eyahlukeneyo yengozi yabatyala kunye nezobugqwetha ezenziwa ngabo.

Izixhobo zokulungiswa

Yonke imisebenzi yeziko lokulungisa iinjongo zijolise ekugcineni umyalelo kunye nokuqwalasela imimiselo efunekayo eyenzelwe ukusetyenziswa nokuhanjiswa kwezivakalisi. Ukongeza, imisebenzi ye-IA ibandakanya ukuchonga iindlela ezifunekayo zokulungisa abagwebi, ukukhusela inkululeko yabo, amalungelo kunye neminqweno esemthethweni, kunye nokuncedisa ukulungelelaniswa koluntu. Ngelo xesha, amaziko obulungisa olwaphulo-mthetho basebenzisa loo ndlela ukuze bafezekise iinjongo zabo:

- uqeqesho loqeqesho;

- intlalo yempembelelo;

- indlela eqinisiweyo;

Imfundo jikelele;

Msebenzi wezemfundo ;

- uluntu olunomsebenzi.

Iikholeji

Amaziko okulungiswa kweRashiya afakwe kwinkqubo yokulungiswa kwezohlwayo zelizwe. Okwangoku, kukho i-160 yazo. Kwi-colony-settlement, abantu bathunyelwa:

- ngubani owenza ubugebengu kuphela ngokunganakwa;
- ukufumana isigwebo sokuqala, ukuba ubukhulu besenzo esenziwa ngabo kuthathwa njengento encinci okanye ephakathi;
- ichanekile ngokuqinisekileyo (xa idluliselwa kwiikoloni zombutho oqinileyo kunye nolawulo jikelele).

Iindawo zeColony ziindawo zamaziko aseRashiya, apho kukho umbuso ongenanto ngaphandle kwabo bakhonza isijeziso. Bonke abantu abaqulethwe kuwo abaxhomekeke ekulawuleni. Ngelo xesha, banelungelo lokunyakaza okukhululekile kwimida yommandla wekholoni.

Kulolu hlobo, inxalenye encinci yengozi yabantu abenzi bobugebengu iqulethwe. Yingakho iimeko zabo zokuphila ziphantse kunokwenzeka kulabo abakhona ngokubanzi.

Abo bagwetyelwe izixhobo zohlengahlengiso zolu hlobo (abo benza ubugebengu ngokunyaniseka okanye izenzo zabo zihlelwa njengento encinci kunye nobukhulu obukhulu) zithunyelwa ngokuzimela kwaye zigcinwe. Abo bathunyelwa kwi-IC yolawulo oluqinileyo okanye jikelele, ngokungahambiyo lihamba ne-convoy.

Iimeko kwiindawo zokulungiswa kwezihlobo ezinjalo ezingafaniyo ziyafana, kungakhathaliseki ukuba zihlala phi. Kwaye kwangexesha elifanayo kwikoloni eyodwa-yokuhlala iqulethe iimbopho zesini zesini. Akuyimfuneko ukudala ulwazi oluhlukeneyo lwamadoda kunye ngokwahlukileyo kwabasetyhini. Oku kubangelwe kwindlela yokuhlala kwikholoni ebomini ngokukhululeka. Kule ntsimi, kwaneentsapho zokukhonza ixesha zingaphila.

Iikholeji zombuso jikelele

La madoda athunyelwa ukuba akhonze isigwebo sawo madoda namabhinqa. Nangona kunjalo, urhulumente kumaziko okulungiswa kololu hlobo unokuba ngumntu oqhelekileyo, okhanyayo noqinileyo. Eli lungiselelo lilawulwa ngamanqaku 120-121 e- PEC yaseRashiya.

Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, abantu abangena kwikoloni emva kokuba isigwebo sigwetywa sigcinwe. Kukho abo bathunyelwa kwamanye ama-IC.

Iziganeko eziququzelelwe ngamanye amaxesha ziba khuthazo kulabo abathi, kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezazisetyenziselwa kwiikholoni, babengenaso nasiphi isohlwayo kunye neengxaki zabasebenzi.

Iimeko eziqinileyo ze-IS kubarhulumente jikelele zijoliswe kubenzi bezobubi ezinobungozi bomyalelo osungulwe kwikoloni. Kuloluhlu, abantu abaye bakhonza ixesha labo phantsi koqeqesho okanye oluqhelekileyo unyango lunokubandakanyeka. Olu tshintshelo lwenziwa kungekudala kweenyanga ezintandathu emva kokuqala kwekota.

IiKoloni zolawulo oluqinileyo

Kule mvume ye-IU ikhonza ixesha layo phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo. Kwaye zonke zilawulwa yi-Articles 122 no-123 ze-PEC yaseRashiya.

Ngaloo ndlela, iimeko eziqhelekileyo zokuvalelwa zijoliswe kumadoda athe angena kwi-colony eqinile kwinkqubo yesigwebo. Ulawulo olunjalo alukhuthazelwanga kulabo benza ubugebengu obusesikweni ngenkathi bekhonza isigwebo sabo.

Ukudluliselwa kwiimeko eziququzelelweyo kubakhuthaza kula madoda asebenze ngokunyanisekileyo umsebenzi kwaye ayenaso ijeziso kwiinyanga ezithoba xa ehlala kwi-IU efanayo.

Lowo oqatshelwa njengengeniso enobungozi ubeka phantsi kolawulo oluqinileyo. Aba bantu bangabaphulaphula ngokuqhubekayo umyalelo we-IU okanye bahanjiswe kwiziko elifanayo emva kokuba benze ulwaphulo-mthetho olusesikweni olwenziwe ngabo kwiindawo zokuvalelwa.

IiKoloni zonyango

Ukukhonza isijeziso ngendlela efanayo ИУ ilawulwa ngamacandelo 124 kunye ne-125 PEC yaseRashiya. Iimeko eziqhelekileyo kula ma koloni zenzelwa amadoda afike apha ngokwemigaqo, kunye nakwabo badluliselwa kwiimeko eziqinileyo kunye ezilula. Kuphela abo bantu abagwetywe ngamacala olwaphulo-mthetho ngamabomu ngexesha lexesha elimiselweyo kwinkundla aligcinwanga phantsi kwalo mbuso.

Abo bemi abangazange babe phantsi kwezigwebo kwaye baye basebenza ngokunyanisekileyo ngunyaka wokunyulwa kwenkululeko bafanelwe le miqathango. Kuba ngabaphulaphuli abanobungozi, i-routine yangaphakathi yezibonelelo zokulungiswa kololu hlobo luba nzima kakhulu. Ziya kutshintshela kwiimeko eziqinileyo zokuphila.

Ukwahlukana kwiikoloni

Imiqathango apho abagwebi abagcinwe entolongweni bachazwa kumacandelo 121, 123 kunye no-125 we-PEC yaseRashiya. Kwaye iikholeji nganye zeendlela ezi ngasentla zinikezwa izikhombisi zazo. Zizo:

- umgangatho wokuhlala kwindawo yomntu onetyala;
- inani leendwendwe ezide kunye ezimfutshane ngonyaka;
- inani lemali yenyanga yenkcitho yezinto ezihambelana nokubaluleka kunye nokutya;
- inani leepakethi, iipakethi kunye nokutshintshwa kwezigwebo ezifunyenweyo ngexesha lonyaka;
- Imimiselo yangaphakathi yeendawo zokulungiswa kwezilungiso.

Iimeko zokuvalelwa ngokwezalathisi ezingentla zihluka nje kuphela phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zamakoloni. Zinezibonakaliso zazo nakwi-IU efanayo kunye neendlela eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo neziqhelekileyo zangaphakathi. Ewe, ngemithetho engqongqo yenkqubo, zonke izikhombisi zokuhlala ziphezulu, kunye nemithetho enzima kakhulu, ngokuchaseneyo.

Kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lwekholoni, abagwebi, abahlala kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo kunye eziqhelekileyo, bahlala kwihostele. Abo bahlinzekwa ngemimiselo yangaphakathi engqongqo yeendawo zokulungiswa, bachithe ixesha kwiimigumbi ezivaliweyo (iiseli).

Iimeko zokuvalelwa kwezo zikolo zilawulwa yiCandelo lama-127 le-PEC yaseRashiya. Abo bagcinwa ukugcinwa kwendalo yonke, bafakwa kwiiseli kubantu ababini. Maxa wambi zifakwe emagumbini angatshitshiweyo. Amabanjwa anjalo anelungelo lokuqhuba imihla ngemihla phantsi kokulinda. Ixesha layo li-1.5 iiyure. Ukuziphatha kakuhle komgwebi kumnika ilungelo lokufumana ixesha elide. Kule meko, uhambo luya kunyuswa ngamashumi amathathu.

Entolongweni

Ukulawulwa kwamanyathelo okulungiswa kololu hlobo luqine ngokungangoko kunokwenzeka, kuba bathunyelwa izigebengu ezinobungozi. Aba bantu bafuna isohlwayo esinzulu kwizenzo ezenzileyo, okanye abo bangenako ukulungiswa kwiinkoloni zolawulo ezingqongqo.

Kwiintolongo, abo bemi abagwetywa entolongweni iminyaka engaphezu kwe-5 bakhonza isigwebo sabo. Ngelo xesha, ulwaphulo-mthetho olwenziwe ngabo lufanelekile ngokukhethekileyo, lube luyingozi kwakhona. Kwiintolongo, kunokubakho abo, esikhundleni se-General Administration yoLawulo oluPhezulu, bakhethe ukwenza umsebenzi ngendlela yokugcinwa kwezoqoqosho kubanjwa.

Kwimibutho yokulungiswa kwezigebengu ezinobungozi, kukho ezimbini iirhulumente-jikelele kunye eziqinileyo. Kodwa nangona kunjalo, amabanjwa asejele agcinwa kwiiseli ezivaliweyo eziqhelekileyo, kwaye izimo eziphilayo ezidalwe zona zinzima kunokuba zikhona kwiikoloni.

Unyango kunye nezixhobo zoLuleko

Injongo ephambili ye-LUU kukugcinwa kwabantu abasebenzisa izigwebo abagulayo nokuxiliswa kweziyobisi, utywala okanye uhlobo oluvulekileyo lwesifo sofuba. Ngokomthetho okhoyo, zonke iziko lonyango linika ilungelo lomntu kulo ukuthenga ukutya kunye nezidingo ezisisiseko. Kwaye ukuthenga okunjalo kwenziwa ngaphandle kwemimiselo, kodwa ngexabiso lemali.

Umgangatho wendawo yokuhlala kwisigwebo ngasinye sineemitha ezi-3 zezikwere, kwaye kwimimiselo yeshedyuli yangaphakathi ekhoyo kukho ixesha lokuqhuba imisebenzi yokwelapha kunye nokuxilonga. Umsebenzi walabo abanjelwe kumaziko anjalo uququzelelwe ngokuqwalasela imiyalelo yezokwelapha ekhoyo, umlinganiselo wobuchule bomsebenzi kunye nokukwazi ukuwuqhuba kwiimeko ezibonelelweyo.

Kukho i-LIA kunye ne-isolators, kunye neekhamera ezilodwa. Ziqulethe amabanjwa aphula umthetho wenkxaso yangaphakathi yeziko, ngelixa eqhubeka nenkqubo yokonyango echazwe kubo.

Koloni

Abaphuli abaselula banabantwana abasecaleni abahlawulwa ngokuvalelwa entolongweni. Kwinkqubo yamaziko okulungiswa okukhoyo kwilizwe lethu, loo makoloni abizwa ukuba asombulule iingxaki ezithile. Injongo yabo kukubuyisela abantwana kwindlela yokuhlonela umthetho osekwe kuluntu.

Kwintwazana yabantwana abaphulaphuli abancinci abathunjwayo bathunyelwa, abafumana njengejeziso elinye okanye elinye ixesha lokuvalelwa entolongweni. Ishedyuli yangaphakathi lezo zixhobo zoluleko zivumela ukudala kwintsimi yabo yeendawo ezahlukileyo ezahlukileyo apho kukho abantu abagwetywe khona, ababethetha ngexesha lokusebenzela eli li-elishumi elinesibhozo ubudala.

Kwiimakoloni zemfundo, njengakwezinye ii-ICs, iimeko ezihlukeneyo zisekwa kubanjwa. Zingaba ziqhelekileyo, zilula, zikhethiweyo kwaye zizinzile. Ukwahlukana nolawulo lwazo olunzima.

Abo bantu abaselula abakhonza izivakalisi zabo ezikhethwe yinkundla phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zihlala kwihostele. Bavunyelwe inkcitho yenyanga nganye kwimingcele ethile, kunye no-6 olufutshane kunye no-2 ubude obude ngonyaka.

Umbuso onqabileyo kulabo abakhonza ixesha kwiimeko ezikhanyayo. Unayo imali ephezulu yenyanga yemali kunye nombolo enkulu yokutyelelwa okucwangcisiweyo.

Kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo, abagwebi banelungelo lokuhlala kwihostele ngaphandle kokukhuselwa ngaphandle kwendawo yemfundo. Ukulawulwa kwabantu abanjalo kuqhutywa kuphela ngokulawulwa koloni. Abantwana ababenecala abanamalungelo banxiba iingubo ezingezantsi, ukuchitha imali ngokungenamkhawulo kwiimali zabo kunye nokutyelela ixesha elifutshane kunanoma yintoni na.

Omnye ogcinwa kwiimeko eziqinileyo uphila kwindawo egxininisiweyo, apho kufuneka ahlale ngexesha lakhe elingenayo kwi-labor or process process.