Ngubani owavela ibhayisikile - imvelaphi German okanye Russian Dresen Artamonov?

Amaxesha amaninzi, Russian, ngaphambi abantu abakwamanye amazwe, okupheleleyo silibale ngayo izinto ezincinane - ukulungisa into yokuba ixesha, sombhalo kube ngoku khupha ezi patent eziyimfuneko kunye nezatifikethi copyright. Ehlabathini kwakusazeka ukuba kunomathotholo yokuqala wenza Marconi. Ngubani owavela ivili? Wazi njani? Kaloku, Kakade ke, uBaron von Dresen! Ezi amaJamani smart kunjalo, ezifana wasisebenzisa ...

Nantsi ke, umzekelo kuqala kwixwebhu hlabathi ngayo ibhayisekile. Lo mfanekiso ubonisa ukuba isakhelo iinkuni wakhe, ivili lokuqhuba kunye nesihlalo zinoboya. Ngokubanzi, xa kujongwa bemgama, ngoko ezinye ezifanayo namahashe mihla enamavili amabini apho, kodwa okukhona ifuze sidewall yenqwelo, wonqanyulwa, angabikho kwezinye iinxalenye zayo. Na lyo line, umi ngaphakathi myuziyam, inyani. abaqambi ngokwakhe ngo-1817 ngokuthi kuye umatshini ukuhamba, yaye emva iingqiqo ezintsha zobugcisa kunye analogue, kwindlela wabizwa isithuthuthu.

Ulwazi ngoku kubizwa ilivo: a serf Artamonov of Nizhny Tagil ngo-1801 weza ngendlela namafutha metal enamavili amabini kunye steering kwaye ihlolwe, uhambo malunga namawaka amabini neekhilomitha ezilishumi elinambini ukusuka St. Petersburg ukuya Verkhoturye. Isantya avareji yaba neekhilomitha ezilishumi ngeyure, eyafunyanwa ngayo ngokusebenzisa ivili ngaphambili, leyo ephumela ngaphandle enedayamitha enkulu ngaphezu ngasemva. Emva kwale ngokubaleka kunye nemiboniso e Khodynka motor imoto ziqukiwe ingqokelela yezinto ezinqabileyo nezingaqhelekanga ilizwe yena wavuza inkululeko kunye nentwana imali, yaye esi siganeko ehlekisayo emva kwexesha olityelweyo. Ke kaloku, ukuba okanye hayi ukukhumbula owasungula ibhayisekile?

Kodwa inkqubela na ukuma ngxi, yaye kufuneka ahlawule irhafu ukuya iingcibi yaseYurophu - akukho iingcamango zokusebenza Artamonov bazithatha. Baya ngokunyanisekileyo wazama uzakhe ivili. Nabasunguli nje ayikwazi imangalelwe zokuveza, ngokuba le moto phezu imoto dystrophy, leyo waqhutyelwa Paris kwiminyaka esixhenxe, ukulawulwa akazange, njengoko ihamba. Phezu kwazo nje iintsilelo ezinjalo izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo, wayila wenza kuyabuya. Malunga lowo owavela ibhayisekile eFransi, ibali, ngasendleleni, naye cwaka. Efuna ukukhwela ngamavili amabini, ukutyhala yena phantsi, yayigcwele. Kwaba lelo xesha ke kwaye kwakukho igama ezibandakanya amagama amabini Latin elithetha 'isantya "yaye" imilenze ".

Nangoku malunga owasungula ibhayisekile, malunga Baron Karle Dreze. umntwana wakhe ngokuqinisekileyo ahluka ukusuka abangekaphuhli French DIY phambi steering. Le ezintsha esisiseko wavumela iintshiya jize iphambili ngowakhe umqhele.

Kwixesha elizayo, iminyaka emashumi mathathu anantlanu - amane baseJamani ngokuzithemba kukukhokela kushishino ibhayisekile le imveliso mveliso. Fisher thelekelwayo kodwa ukubeka ezinyovwayo ukuya indlela yesingxobo kulo. Ivili ngaphambili baqalisa ukwenza ukupha wathandwa. Ezo scheme kinematic uye wafumana ikhowudi igama "spider", kodwa enyanisweni kunjalo, Artamonovskaya sebhodi.

Ke kaloku, ayinamsebenzi owasungula ibhayisekile. Ngaphandle elula koyilo, wawunika amandla okuqhubela kuphuhliso amavili anomoya, eyaqala kungekudala luzakufakwa iimoto. Ngeli xesha, amaNgesi, Thomson kunye Dunlop, wasungula esetyenziselwa ukuba amavili ibhayisekile. Noko ke, nalapha ngaphandle bethu ngako: Umsunguli ivanov ecetywayo enziwa ngokwahlukeneyo kwaye ikhamera istili.