Ngaba iipenguin iintaka okanye izilwanyana? Imibuzo neempendulo

Ngaba iipenguin iintaka okanye izilwanyana? Umbuzo oqhelekileyo, akunjalo? Kwaye kuyaqondakala oku. Ngamnye wethu wabuza lo mbuzo ebuntwaneni, okanye wakuva kubantwana bakhe. Kuyavunywa, akuyena wonke umntu owaziyo impendulo. Ngoko ke bangobani, le mibhobho emangalisayo kunye ebalulekileyo? Ngaba zi intaka? Okanye izilwanyana? Mhlawumbi i intlanzi?

Inxalenye ethile yembali

Ngexesha lokuqala abantu baseYurophu baqaphela ezi zilwanyana ezimangalisayo ngo-1499. Enye yama-satellites omdumi owaziwayo wasePutukezi uVasco da Gama washiya ukurekhoda, eyachaza iintaka ezingaqhelekanga ezifana nento ethile kwi-goose, "ngokukhala okufana nokukhala kweesileki ... Abenako ukuhamba ... "Mhlawumbi, baxhatshazwa ngumbuzo:" Ngaba ii-penguins iintaka okanye izilwanyana? "

Kwiminyaka elishumi elinesibini kamva, kufakwa okufanayo kwilungu leMagellan, isiTaliyane uAntonio Pigafetta. Wabhala: "Izithambo ezinqabileyo, zibambe, zingenakukwazi ukundiza, ziqatha kakhulu ..." Eyona nto, ngenxa yamanqatha abo iintaka zafumana igama lawo. Inyaniso yokuba "i-pigvis" ngesiLatini isho "inqatha". Igama lenzululwazi elithi "sfeniskus demersus" (ekuguquleleni- "umgca omncinci odibene emanzini") wanikwa iinyoni kamva kamva - ngo-1758. Igama elitsha laba libala elifutshane, eligcizelela zombini uhlobo lweentaka kunye nendlela yabo yobomi.

Ukuba sithetha ngohlobo lokuqala lwee-penguins nabantu, mhlawumbi kwenzeka e-Australia. Kuye kwenzeka ukuba ngexesha lokucwaningwa kwezinto zakudala kwiindawo ezidala, amathambo ezi ntaka afunyenwe. Iingcali zenzululwazi zibonisa ukuba inyama ye-penguin yayisondlo se- Aborigines yase-Australia.

Inkcazelo emfutshane

Kanti ... Ngaba iipenguin iintaka okanye izilwanyana? Nayiphi i-encyclopedia inikeza impendulo ecacileyo kulo mbuzo. I-Spheniscidae yintsapho yeenqanawa ezihamba ngeenqanawa ezihamba ngeenqanawa kodwa ezijikelezayo nezihambayo. Abaphela bameli be-penguin yamashishini. Intsapho ine-subspecies ezingama-20. Umzimba we-penguins uhlengahlengiswa, ulungele ukuhamba ngamanzi. Siyabulela kwisisu kunye nesakhiwo samathambo, ezi ntaka zihamba ngokugqithiseleyo, ngelixa indima yabaqhubi, ukuphoqeleza ijubane, kwenziwa ngamaphiko. I-sternum iye yavelisa i-musculature, e malunga nekota yesisindo sonke, kunye ne-keel ecacileyo. Amathambo omzimba afutshane, ama-knee joints are fixed, i-paws ishintshulwa emva (isizathu saloo nto engaqhelekanga kunye nehlekisayo). Amagqabantshi amakhulu, amfutshane, kunye neembrane zokubhukuda. Umsila ufutshane, usebenza njengenkxaso kumhlaba. "Ulawulo" xa ubhukuda kubaluleke kakhulu. Umbala we-penguins ngumpawu: "umsila omnyama" kunye nesisu somhlophe.

Kutheni i-penguin ingabizwa ngeentlanzi?

Lo ngowomnye umbuzo obuzwa rhoqo: "Ngaba i-penguin iyintaka okanye intlanzi?" Kweminye, umbuzo ubonakala unengcikivo, kodwa, njengoko kwenzeka, makhe sizame ukuyiqonda. Enyanisweni, ukuba i-penguin ivakalelwa kakhulu phantsi kwamanzi, kutheni ungayibizi intlanzi? Okokuqala, kuba kule ndawo uzingela kuphela. Kodwa ipenguin ihlala emhlabeni. Kulapho uphinde agqubuthe amaqanda (akahlanjulanga njengentlanzi), uvelisa inzala. Omnye umehluko obalulekileyo ubukho beentsiba (ezincinci kakhulu, zilungelelene ngokufanelekileyo, zatshatyalaliswa ngokulinganayo phezu kwendawo egciniweyo yamanqatha). Ukongeza, ama-penguins ahlamba igazi. Enyanisweni, inkqubo yokudlulisa ubushushu inokwakhe, ekhethekileyo kwaye ngeendlela ezithile eziyingqayizivele. "I-motor" yayo inamaphiko kunye neepaws. Igazi eliyingenelo lingena kubo linika ukufudumala kwe-venous (colder), kwaye oko, kwakhona, kubuyela kumzimba (ngasemva). Ukulahlekelwa kwefuthe ngale ndlela kubuncinane.

Ukunikezelwa kwamandla

Isiseko semenyu yama-penguin yi-Antarctic yesilivere, i-anchovies, i-sardines kunye ne-crustaceans. Icandelo abayidla ngaphantsi kwamanzi, abanye - kumhlaba. Iindidi ezondla ngokubanzi kwiinkcuttaceans kufuneka zichithe amandla amaninzi kwi-extraction. Ukuzalisa iindleko zamandla ekudibanisa yedwa, kufuneka abambe ama-crustaceans amabini amabini. Amaphengwane, ngokutya kakhulu kwiintlanzi, kulula kakhulu-zine-diving eyodwa ephumelelayo kwi-10. Ixesha elide lokuzingela iindidi ezahlukeneyo lihluke kwaye lixhomekeka kakhulu kwixesha. Ngokomzekelo, iimperial penguins ingenza ngaphezulu kwama-dive angu-800. Kodwa ngexesha lokugutywa kunye nokulindela kwenzalo, iintaka kufuneka zinike ukutya ngokupheleleyo. Ngelo xesha malunga nesiqingatha sobunzima siyalahleka. Amaphengwane asela amanzi amanxweme amaninzi. Iingqungquthela ezikhethekileyo ezikufuphi kwamehlo, zithatha ityuwa engaphezulu.

Ukuzaliswa

Kutheni le nkcazo yokuba i-penguin isilwanyana ayikwazi ukunyaniseka? Ubu bungqina bokuba le ntaka kuthethwe ngaphambili. Njengoko iingxoxo ezintsha masiqwalasele inkqubo yokuvelisa. Okokuqala, ama-penguins awayiwo ama-viviparous, atyhula amaqanda njengezo zonke iintaka. Bahlala kwiikholoni, amashumi amawaka amabini. Bobabini ukuxubusha kwamaqanda kunye nokutya kwabantwana abaselula bayaphendulwa ngabazali bobabini abaye baphendule ngokukhawuleza.

Ingxelo yokuba i-penguin isilwanyana esinyama, iphikisa indlela yokutya. Bondla iifotyi kungekhona ngobisi, kodwa kunye neentlanzi ezinokusila kunye neenkcustaceans, ezithwala abazali. Kwiintlobo eziphantsi zesisu, iintsana "ziyahamba" ukuze zifihle ebanda, kwaye kungengenxa yesahlulo sebisi, njengokuba abanye bakholelwa.

Ukuqala kokukhula kuxhomekeke kwisini kunye nohlobo lweentaka. Ukubambisana okunokwenzeka kunokwenzeka kwiminyaka emibini (incinci, i-subantarctic), kwabanye - unyaka kamva (i-Antarctic, ubukhosi, ubukhosi), kwisithathu - kuphela emva kweminyaka emihlanu (inwele yegolide).