Moya Gagarin kuzo space: izibakala ezingaziwayo malunga iziganeko ezibalulekileyo kwinkulungwane XX

moya Legendary Gagarin kuzo isithuba kusekho kuphakamisa imibuzo emininzi, iimpendulo zazo zisekho engekasonjululwa.

Ukuphehlelelwa wokuqala umntu emajukujukwini kwafuneka ukuba kwenzeke kamsinyane

Nje kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba uYuri A. kwafuneka ukuba aye emajukujukwini okokuqala akukho babuzolile Epreli imini, kwaye nkqu kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambili - in December. Oku bekutshiwo nasiSigqibo le CPSU CC kunye neBhunga laBaphathiswa ngomhla we-11 Oktobha 1960. Ukuqala i "East" ebusika kuthintele ingozi embi: on October 24 e Baikonur phambi kokuba uqale, rocket wamajoni liqhuma, nathe. Ngenxa yoko, abantu 268 babulawa, ekwakukho phakathi Marshal Nedelin. Abantu abaninzi ngokoqobo watshiswa ephila. Ngenxa yokuba i-Commission State waphosa yonke imikhosi ukuphanda siganeko, vaakelani va Gagarin likaThixo elinye ixesha.

Le mishini ethembekileyo kuphela ngo-50%

Kakade ke, kumaxesha Soviet, olu lwazi ifihlwe ngenyameko. Nangona kunjalo, la manani athethe ngokwabo: of kuphehlelelwa ngokusesikweni test ezintandathu ngaphambi ukuphehlelelwa umntu emajukujukwini, ezintathu saba nemiphumo ebuhlungu. May 15, 1960, ngaphantsi konyaka phambi kokuba bathabatha vaakelani va Gagarin, laqalisa inqanawa ngenxa yokuba inkqubo yolawulo sengqondo eziphosakeleyo kwaye phantsi emhlabeni, kwaye eqhubeka endiza ukuya kutsho namhlanje. Ngo September 23 kuloo nyaka, kanye ekuqaleni rocket liqhuma kwibhodi kuzo izinja kunye Krasavka damka. Disemba 1st launch kwenzeka ngakumbi ngempumelelo izinja Pchelka kunye Mushka wadlulisela uqale ngokukhuselekileyo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba isikhokelo ekuhleni kwi ekupheleni ukubaleka imixawuka kakhulu, inqanawa yatshiswa kunye nezilwanyana ukuba kuyo.

Kwaye yiloo nto ukukhankanya into yokuba ntlekele eyenzeka kuphela emajukujukwini kodwa Emhlabeni ngexesha elinye ukusebenzisa ilungelo egumbini bodwa wafa Bondarenko - umntu ozigqatsileyo omncinane ukuze oosomajukujuku.

Le ndawo cosmonaut yokuqala titov ukuze athathe

America akakwazanga ukuhlala kude yonke imikhosi ukuzama ukwenza abantu yokuqala sungula isithuba. Kusenziwa phantsi ndlela, nangona kunjalo, kwi-West, endaweni izinja imijukujelwa abangu iinkawu. I-United States wakhangela phambili Meyi 2, 1961 - Kwathi ngomhla wamiselwa isiqalo kubalulekile kuqala. Noko ke, Sergei Korolev wawungenako ukuvumela i waseMelika umntu wokuqala ukuya emajukujukwini. Nangona umlinganiselo 50/50, leyo akadinwa naluphi na uhlobo isiqinisekiso sokuba uYuri A. kubuya ubomi, ukuvulwa kwe kwisiphekepheke Soviet waqeshwa kwiiveki ezimbalwa ngaphambi koko. Ngaloo mihla, wacingisisa ingcamango lokuthath'indawo Gagarin, ngubani wayeneentombi ezimbini ezincinane, ngomhla namntwana German titov. Kodwa Korolev baphikelela candidacy ka uYuri kunye, amazwi akhe, ubomi bakhe Ndinekratshi, mna phutha ekukhetheni kwabo.

usomajukujuku obhinqileyo kule ngozi inkulu lemizuzwana yokuqala 20 yokusabela

Ekugqibeleni wafika ngoAprili 12 1961 kunyaka - umhla moya Gagarin ukuba kuko omnye iziganeko ezibalulekileyo zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. lomngcipheko ayemzonda kanye sungula irula. icebo lokucoca ibandakanya iinketho ezahlukeneyo zokonga spaceman kwi kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo. Ngaphandle ngokuba imizuzwana 20 zokuqala. Xa yayiza isithuthi dubulo isitulo uYuri catapulted kubude, akwanelanga ukuba ukuvula iparashute. Nale njongo kokusungulwa "inkqubo ngohlangulo olungxamisekileyo", leyo inkulu i fondini ezine ababehleli kufutshane ekuqaleni ikhusi ekhethekileyo yaye igcinwe ulungele igridi enkulu nenayiloni. Ukuba kwenzeka loo ngozi, kwafuneka ukuba ungatsiba kwelikhaya kuganga usomajukujuku njengoko mlilo babambisa abantu utsibela evela imigangatho ephezulu izakhiwo avuthayo.

Abasemagunyeni Ndilungise izibheno nje ezintathu abantu

Akukho namnye wayeqinisekile ukuba intsabo Gagarin kuzo isithuba iya kuba nempumelelo. Ngoko ke, ngokuba unyango ezintathu-Tass zalungiselelwa: kwimeko olu lingelo sigqityiwe ngempumelelo, okwesibini - xa kwisiphekepheke akayi kuba nako ukungena orbit, kwaye eyesithathu - ukufa ngokubulawa kwale cosmonaut.

Ukuba sele ku isithuba yaba likaxakeka, ngenxa apho iinjini brake ziye saliwe, inqanawa ahlale Earth orbit. "East" sayilelwa kangangokuba kwimeko enjalo, isikhephe, "ebambelela" eliphezulu maleko yeegesi, isantya kwaye ngokukhuselekileyo emhlabeni okanye atshize phantsi endaweni. Noko ke, oko kwakuya kwenzeka emva kokuba iyure-1 nasemini 7-10. Ukulungiselela le njongo wadalwa unikezelo lwamanzi, ukutya kunye nomoya, nekufuneka zibe ngokwaneleyo iintsuku ezilishumi.

Ingozi ukucutha Kwakhona into yokuba, nakuba imihla emininzi uvavanyo kunye noqeqesho, wahlala ingozi yokuwa yengqondo kule cosmonaut. Ukuze uphephe oku, Gagarin wayalelwa ukuba ukuthethana rhoqo kunye Umhlaba. Yaye wakwenza oko konke 108 imizuzu ebaleka.

Rise of imijukujelwa yaba ummangaliso?

Nangona zonke iziqinisekiso koogunyaziwe Soviet, kwaye yazisa i ngokwam moya kwenzeka ngokwesicwangciso. Ngokuphindaphindiweyo kukho imeko kaxakeka. Ngokomzekelo, ekuqaleni andizange ukulayisha isivamvo imizili yobunzima. Ngenxa yoko, imizuzu embalwa phambi kokuqala abathungi kuye kwanyanzeleka ukuba siphumle, uze uzifake kwasiso 32 emva inshorensi kuleyo kulo. Emva ukungaphumeleli ebeiyenzeke kuyo link. Kunokuba umqondiso "5" waya ngequbuliso inani "3", nto leyo yathetha ukuba le nqanawa kwakukho ukusilela. imodyuli Service uzibalulele ixesha elide, nto leyo enokukhokelela ekubeni imijukujelwa umlilo, ivelufa wanamathela isuti Gagarin kuphela wasinda suffocated, ngoxa ibaleka umkhombe waqalisa ufakwa ngokuzenzekelayo ...

Nangona kunjalo, lo moya waba yimpumelelo yaye waba ngomnye iziganeko obalulekileyo kwimbali "imfazwe ebandayo" phakathi USSR kunye USA, yaye imbali uluntu luphela.

Iimpazamo nge touchdown, "i-East" ukufihla amashumi ezininzi emgceni

abasemagunyeni eSoviet bathi Gagarin wafika kwindawo kwangaphambili. Enyanisweni, oosonzululwazi baye baqhuba eziliqela ezabelwe zona kwaye akukho namnye iziphumo ziye andingqineki kuyinyaniso. Eneneni bamenza kaYuri A., catapulted ephumile emkhombeni, kummandla Saratov. Abantu bokuqala wabona usomajukujuku kwakukho Anna Tahtarova, umfazi a wehlathi, kunye nomzukulwana wakhe bacita. Xa ubona indoda timphahla engaqhelekanga, eli nenekazi ubudala ndoyika ekuqaleni, kodwa wandithuthuzela lo cosmonaut kuye, bekhwaza besithi: "! Yakhe, yakhe, eSoviet"

Yaphela kanjalo bagxotha Gagarin kaThixo emajukujukwini. Unyaka kunye komsitho - 12 Epreli 1961 - ngokuqinisekileyo laba sisiqalo sexesha elitsha kwimbali yoluntu.