Lawula inkqubo yo qoqosho

Umyalelo wezoqoqosho wezoqoqosho, owawuvela kumazwe amaninzi, wabonakala ngokubonga kwiinguqulelo zezenhlalakahle ezenzeke kuzo. Ibhanki yemeko yale nkqubo yayiyi-postulates of Marxism. Lo mzekelo woqoqosho uphuhliswa nguLenin noStalin, iinkokheli zePhathi yamaKomanisi e-USSR. Ingcambu yeengcamango iya kwimfundiso yentlalo yoluntu. Ukuqaliswa kwenkqubo kuqhelekileyo kumazwe aseMpuma Yurophu naseAsia kwisiqingatha sokuqala naphakathi kwekhulu lama-20.

Uqoqosho lolawulo yinkqubo yokuqhuba uqoqosho lwelizwe, ngokusekelwe kolawulo lwayo ngolo myalelo wezolawulo. Ngokutsho kwe- Marxist theory, kwakukho le fowuni eyayifanele ifake isandla ekukhawulezeni kwenkqubo yokukhulisa inhlalakahle jikelele. Ngexesha elifanayo, imeko enyanzelekileyo yayikuphelisa ukhuphiswano, oluya kuvumela ukuqhuba yonke imisebenzi yezoqoqosho yelizwe ngokuhambelana nesicwangciso esisodwa, esikubopheleleyo (isikhokelo). Ukuphuhliswa kweempawu zocwangciso lophuhliso kwenzelwe ngokwesayensi ngobunkokheli belizwe.

Ngama-1950 ukuya kuma-1980 (kwimihla yokuhlala kwenkampu yama-communist), malunga nesithathu sabemi behlabathi bahlala kumazwe alawulwa yinkqubo yoqoqosho-yolawulo lwezolawulo. Ukuqaliswa kwale ndlela kwaqala ngokunciphisa ngokukhululekileyo inkululeko yabemi kunye nokuhlala kwayo kwakuhamba kunye nemihlatshelo yabantu.

Umyalelo wezoqoqosho lwe-USSR ubonakaliswe yimpawu:

• Ikomidi locwangciso likarhulumente lisekwa ukuba amashishini afanele akhiqizwe;
• Isebe yesebe lizimisele ukuba imveliso kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwetheknoloji kufuneka kwenziwe ntoni, kuba ikwabiwe ngemali;
• IKomiti yeSizwe yoNikezelo inqume ukuba zeziphi iimveliso eziza kubonelelwa kunye nokuba ngubani ozozithengisa, kwaye wachaza nalapho unokuthenga khona izixhobo zemizila emitsha yokuvelisa;
• IKomiti yeSizwe kwixabiso ibalwa amanani okuthengisa, awazange atshintshe amashumi eminyaka;
• Umvuzo wabelwe abasebenzi ngeKomiti yeSizwe yezabasebenzi kunye nemivuzo;
• Ukuchithwa kwengeniso kwakukho kwiSebe lezeMali;
• IKomidi yeSizwe yoLwakhiwo ikhethwe kwinqanaba lini kwaye ivolise imveliso iya kuphuhlisa;
• Iibhanki zikaRhulumente zibeke inani lemali ukuba amafama angathabatha kuwo;
• ISebe loMphathiswa Wezoqoqosho Lwamanye amazwe luchaza ukuba yiziphi iimpahla ezingathunyelwa ngaphandle, kwaye zimele zithengiswe kuphela kwimarike yasekhaya.

Umyalelo wezoqoqosho ucwangciso, okokuqala, ukutshatyalaliswa kwazo zonke iifom zepropati, ngaphandle koburhulumente. Oku kunika igunya kumagunya ukuyala ukusetyenziswa kwazo zonke izibonelelo zoqoqosho. Ngokuchasene nale mvelaphi, kwakukho ukuhanjiswa kweenzuzo zokusetyenziswa komntu ngokwawo ekuthiwa ngumyalelo womgca (okanye ngamakhuphoni).

Ngokubanzi, imbono yokucwangcisa uqoqosho ngokufanelekileyo, kodwa ngaphakathi kwelinye ishishini okanye umzekelo, ifama. Ukuba ngumcimbi wokucwangcisa isiqendu sesizwe, oku kuholele ekuphazamiseni imithetho yemigomo yoqoqosho. Inokuba yinto efanelekileyo kuphela ngexesha leemeko zengxamiseko (iimfazwe, iinguqulelo, iintlekele zemvelo, njl.).

Ekuhlalutyweni kokugqibela, intlalo yoluntu (umgaqo-nkqubo wezoqoqosho) waba yinto edakisayo, kwaye amazwe kufuneka athathe imvuselelo yepropati yabucala kunye neenkqubo zemarike.

I-90ties yaba ngowokugqibela kwi-USSR nakwamanye amazwe aseMpuma Yurophu ngokuhlola oko kwafezwa ngokuqaliswa koqoqosho lolawulo. Kuhlalutyo kwavela ukuba ezi ziphumo zibuhlungu kakhulu. Uninzi lwalo mveliso lubonakaliswe kumgangatho ophantsi kunye noyilo olungapheliyo, ngoko kwakungekho kufuneke kwimarike; Ukulindela ubomi kwabemi kunye nenqanaba lenhlalakahle yabo lalingaphantsi kunamazwe akhethe indlela yoqoqosho lwemarike. Umgangatho wecandelo lophishino lonke liye lincinci kakhulu kunaseYurophu, kwaye ubunjani bebuninzi kakhulu.