Favela aseBrazil - indlela ethile yobomi izigidi zabantu

"Favela" - igama kukuba isuntswana njengegama Villas obutofotofo, isandi sayo ezithambileyo, Noko ke, oku akuthethi uhlobo edlelelelayo. Nabanina umntu kancinci abanomdla iindaba ngamazwe, uyazi ukuba Melika - ezimbini zehlabathi. Kukho abazizityebi United States naseKhanada, kodwa kukho into enye, Latin America, apho bahlala nengxolo ombi imithetho yabo nemimiselo, apho indlala coexists kunye Luxury garish, kwaye wabekwa yonke le "zomkhosi" zizigwili iziyobisi kunye neengalo nabathengisi. Favela - indawo-mthetho xi (ukususela kwinqanaba Ngenxa abasemagunyeni) kunye iindawo ezizodwa, nto leyo eza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku.

indlu amakhadi

ebizwa Ekuqaleni izakhiwo favelas, leyo bamiswa abantu abahluphekayo abahlala emaphandleni ezixeko. Izindlu ezakhiwa ngayo into embi, akukho iiprojekthi zokwakha, izicwangciso, yaye ngakumbi ke zeziqinisekiso wayengekho. abafudukela, nto leyo impendulo ngezoshishino yoqoqosho Latin American kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba kade, kwabangela wayengekho iindawo ezintle wabaphakamisa kunye nezindlu efana kunye nezitalato ububanzi, yaye izakhiwo elibi, naleplennye omnye komnye.

Eyona idumileyo - yinto favela eBrazil, baninzi kwaye inemibalabala kakhulu, bona musa kumela izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo, waza waba isihloko kwimimandla yonke, inani labahlali kwezinye kubo ngaphezu ikhulu lamawaka abantu.

Indlela yokwakha ilula kwaye ifuna ukuba wezakhiwo yenza isakhelo eziziziqalelo iintonga zesinyithi kujikelezo indlu elizayo (okanye umgangatho, ngokuba ngoku favela musa ezikhula ububanzi yaye ukuphakama). Inyathelo phakathi kwemilenze - meters 2-3, kwaye isithuba ibhuqiwe izitena kuthembeke mezhbalkovoe. Uyilo ezifanayo zibuthathaka nokungathembeki, kunye nento yokuba izindlu zikhula, yongeza nokuba iyaxokozela ngakumbi. Ezinye izakhiwo sele zibandakanya imigangatho 4-5, phezulu nganye ibe banzi kancinci kowangaphambili, ngenxa izindlu engenangqondo zifana iiphiramidi zocaphulo.

Umnini uthengisa phantsi kophahla phezulu umnini omtsha, owenza emakhayeni abo ngokwengqiqo yabo kunye amathuba. Favela - a yokufihla becala mthethweni, ukuthetha malunga naluphi na unxibelelwano kumakhaya ezinjalo kuba kunokwenzeka kuphela kwiminyaka yakutshanje ndiqalile ukwenza umbane kunye nococeko ezingundoqo.

abacelayo abazizityebi

Abemi lokuqala ematyotyombeni kwakukho iindidi ezininzi zabantu: abemi kwiindawo zasemaphandleni abasoloko benyanzeleka ukuba bafudukele izixeko bekhangela nxi ongcono, abo bangazifumana emazantsi ngenxa ekungakwazini ukufumana, namakhoboka aqhweshileyo.

Isiphetho wayalela ukuba favelas Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Recife kunye nezinye izixeko eBrazil baye ngasezibukweni amawaka, izigidi zabantu kweli lizwe. Ngokutsho manani, okwangoku uhlala khona elowo Brazilian yesihlanu. iinkcukacha ezisemthethweni uwajongele kakhulu abemi favelas. Eyona nto kukuba ukulawula izinga ukuzalwa kwaye izinga lokusweleka kule mimandla nje ngqiqweni: zokuhlala mthethweni apho uxolo hayi ezikufutshane iqela elikhulu labantu, ngokugqibeleleyo azizifihli iimfihlo zabo.

Kubulungisa kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba ezinye favelas - kubhaliwe ayisendim uphumle ngeentsipho oluntu, kodwa iindawo kakhulu ezikulungele apho abasemagunyeni baye bakwazi ukuba lokuyigxotha le isiphithiphithi nokuchas 'umthetho.

isiyaluyalu esemthethweni

Favelas bahlale ezindaweni enkulu, nto nje akunakwenzeka ukuba ngoyaba. Kukho izizathu ezininzi. Okokuqala, kukho ubomi uninzi lemimoya eli lizwe. Amaxesha amaninzi, ezi ndawo zinxulunyaniswa abashishina ngeziyobisi kunye nemigulukudu, abanye inyaniso kulo. Kodwa enyanisweni, abashishina ngeziyobisi enkulu akubikho ezininzi kuyizinzisa iyunithi feeder ebizwayo kunye Qhotsa encinane.

Okwesibini, i favelas eBrazil ningaqiqi amagunya eli lizwe. abemi zabo zisetyenziswa ukuze sisinde ngokwabo. An into umdla kukuba phakathi imithetho ekungathethwayo kule mimandla kukho kwakhona ezinjalo othintela unxibelelwano kunye nabameli namapolisa.

E Brazil, kukho indlela ekhethekileyo ukuqingqwa abemi ukuqinisekisa basonta yokuhlawula amatyala nenkoloseko yeklasi. Ukulungiselela le njongo hayi kuphela ngamaxwebhu yesazisi (yokundwendwela, iphepha-mvume lokuqhuba), kodwa kwakhona irisithi yentlawulo-invoyisi kwangethuba. Bathi ke isiqinisekiso sokuba lo mntu ebotshelelwe kwindawo ethile yokuhlala, nokwenza igalelo kwi-mali. Kungenjalo, le ummi welizwe kunzima ukufumana uncedo oluvela kurhulumente, nkqu unyango elula ukuya esibhedlele kuba yingxaki.

njengombingelelo

Yingozi kwiindawo atyebileyo kwikomkhulu kunye nabakhenkethi, le favelas Rio de Janeiro ukuba kancinci kuba noxolo ngakumbi. Kwisixeko kuzo apho phantse iwaka (njengoko uqikelelo ezahlukahlukeneyo, ukusuka 750 ukuya 1200). Ngamnye kubo ukuhlalisa inani ezahlukeneyo zabantu, emikhulu abo bebonke lingaphezulu amawaka 5 abantu. Ukuze kuququzelela inkqubo, abasemagunyeni baye bagqiba ukwenza kuloo mmandla kwenkqubo favelas ekuthiwa-ukungxengxeza uluntu kunye ekade.

Ilizwe akavumelekanga ukuba izixhobo. Ngokomthetho, bayazibuza nje amapolisa yaye emkhosini, kodwa urhwebo iingalo ichuma, ukufumana eRio abakwazi nje imipu, kodwa "lokubolekwa" ngaphezulu kakhulu. Ngexesha lima imikhosi ezikhethekileyo phakathi kwabasemagunyeni kunye basekuhlaleni kuvela imfazwe kushushu, yaye ngoko ke amaqela amabini esilwa zilimale ezibalulekileyo.

Noko ke, ngenxa yokuba loo iindlela arhabaxa ekulweni nolwaphulo-mthetho ematyotyombeni of Brazil lime ukuba iindawo ungoverned apho ukoyika ukuhamba ebusuku. Ukongeza imisebenzi yamandla yokohlwaya njengethuba lokuhlela ubomi eqhelekileyo abemi favelas. Kukho beqhuba umbane ngomlinganiselo omkhulu, endaweni emijelweni, leyo asophise ilindle, inkqubo yonikezelo lwamanzi mihla kunye isuswe.

Akukho shu kukuba abantu babe ukufikelela ngakumbi, ezemfundo kunye nezothutho zoluntu. Ukubonelela onke amancedo abemi favelas asikafumani ndlela: sokuyilwa kunye noyilo lwezitrato nje musa ukuhamba akukho ithuba oku, kodwa iinkqubo karhulumente Yenzelwe ukuba unyaka omnye, yaye umsebenzi muhle le ematyotyombeni ukuya rhoqo.

Amen

Phezu kwayo nje imigudu amagunya ukunqanda nesimo kubemi ezihluphekayo, ubomi favelas isekhona phantsi kolawulo yeenkosi beziyobisi kwaye ngokuxhomekeke kwimithetho zabo. Ukuze athi oku okubi, awukwazi: "ookumkani" ekuhlaleni uphikelela iziseko zayo, kuba ngokuthobela ngokungqongqo esohlwaya violators. Engxakini le ndlela self-government kukuba favela ngalinye - olu hlobo nje republic eyahlukileyo, eli lizwe kweli lizwe, yaye yintoni aninako ukwenza abahlali kwisithili enye, omnye azenzileyo angohlwaywa yenyani.

Kwisithuba favela wayo akakwazi ungebi, ukubulala, ukudlwengula kunye tuneyadstvovat. Izohlwayo ngezenzo zolwaphulo bangqwabalala kakhulu: ungaphulukana imilenze, itshiswe ide ife okanye elubhacweni. Abaphathi musani nanceba nkqu nabantwana nabafikisayo. Loo ngeqhudu aneliseke ngokutyeziswa, ngokuba kuk ubanika ubuncinane isiqinisekiso ezinye uxolo.

Ingaba kukho ikamva?

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni kunye abahlala ematyotyombeni saseBrazil kwixesha elizayo awukacaci na. Kuxhaphake ukuba ufunxe favelas impucuko apho, kodwa le nkqubo kade kakhulu. Urhwaphilizo, bureaucracy, chaos kunye disorder musa ukuvumela amagunya okuphumeza ngokukhawuleza izicwangciso zabo. Ngaphandle Brazil, njengamanye amazwe e Latin America, abakwazi ukufikelela kwinqanaba ngokomgangatho entsha kuqoqosho. Ukongeza, liphakamisa omnye umbuzo elifanelekileyo: Ingaba ukulungele abahlala ematyotyombeni ngokwabo ngaphandle izithunzi mthetho kwaye bahlala imithetho nemimiselo jikelele?