Iintlobo zamaphupha kunye neempawu zabo

Ephupheni, umzimba wethu uyaqhubeka usebenza. Ngethuba le nkqubo yendalo, izazinzulu zingabuthongo kwaye ziphupha, imibono (okanye i-hallucinations), amaphupha. Kwigama lesiqhelo, siya kujongana nexesha elizayo. Ekuqaleni, kufuneka kuthethwe ukuba zonke iintlobo zamaphupha zimelela inkcazelo yezinto ezingokomoya, apho kwifomu edibanisayo inokuthi ichaze ikusasa kunye nexesha elidlulileyo lomntu.

Iintlobo eziphambili zokulala

Ezi ntlobo zilandelayo ziyaziwa:

• Mihla;
• Ixesha lexesha lexesha (ukuchithwa kwezilwanyana ezithile);
• Utywala;
• Ukholo;
• KwiPathological.

Iintlobo zokulala kunye neempawu zabo

Ukongezelela kwiintlobo eziphambili, kusekho okwangokwemvelo kunye nokwenza izinto. Ziyabonwa njengeentlobo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zokulala. Inkqubo yendalo yenzeke kubini kubantu nakwezilwanyana ngokungalindelekanga, ngaphandle kweempembelelo zangaphandle. Ukubonakala okubonakalayo kubangelwa yimimandla eyahlukeneyo kunye neempembelelo (electrosleep, i-narcotic, hypnotic).

Iintlobo zendalo zokulala komntu omdala kunye nezilwanyana ezincinci zivela kwixesha lexesha. Nangona kunjalo, i-periodicity and alternation ingahluka. Umntu omdala ulala ebusuku, kwaye uvukile emini. Eli xesha libizwa ngokuba yi-monophasic. Kukho abantu abaphumla usuku oluphindwe kabini - ubusuku obunzima bokulala kunye nosuku olongezelelweyo. Eli lixesha lembini. Uninzi lwezilwanyana zisebenzisa iipolisi zeentlobo zamaphupha: ziyakwazi ukulala kwaye zivuke ngobusuku nemini izihlandlo eziliqela, ngaphandle kwemfuneko yokungqinelana ngokuthe ngqo kwixesha lokuphumla nokuvuka. Abantwana nabo banemigangatho yokulala ye- polyphasic . Oku kungabonwa kumzekelo weintsana, ezona zihlandlo zingaphantsi kwimeko yesimo somzimba. Nangona kunjalo, amaxesha amaninzi ngosuku uphazamiseka ngenxa yeemfuno zendalo, kodwa ngokuqhubekayo, ngenxa yempembelelo yemfundo kunye nemeko, isingqimba sokulala siqala ukuvuselela, sisondela kumntu ofanayo.

Iindidi zokulala zokufakelwa ziyakwazi ukulawulwa ngumlinganiselo wempembelelo yezinto ezibangela ukuba (iipilisi ze-hypnotic, zangoku zombane, njl.).

Ubungakanani bokuba ubuthongo bemvelo kwizilwanyana ezahlukeneyo buhluka kakhulu, kwaye nakubantu bezinye iintlobo ziyahluke ngokubanzi kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo zonyaka.

Iingcali zenzululwazi zibonisa umdla omkhulu kwixesha elibizwa ngokuba yi-hibernation yezilwanyana zonyaka. I-Zoologists ihlola izizathu zayo kunye ne-physiology.

Ukwahlula kwamaphupha endalo

Indalo yilezo zihlobo zamaphupha umntu onempilo uyakwazi ukubona ngezikhathi ezithile:

• Uphilileyo (ngezinye iimpawu zibuyisela into eyiyo);
• Umbono (ubuyekeze umfanekiso ovuswe ngumntu, owake wawabona ephupheni lakhe);
• Ukulala kwangaphambili (kubandakanya ukulumkisa);
• Iphupha (zibandakanya ngamaphupha oko kwakubangalisa umntu ngokwenene);
• Umbono wobusuku bomoya (ukubonakala ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwemifanekiso ethile ephupheni, ngokuqhelekileyo kuyenzeka kubantwana nakubantu obudala).

Phakathi kwazo zonke ezidweliswe kuphela iintlobo zokuqala ezintathu zokulala zifanelwe ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo, ekubeni ezi zimbini zihlandlo zikhokelela ekuphosakeleleni.

Ubuthongo obuthathaka

Kwi-etiology yayo, eli lizwe kwinkqubo yokubonakaliswa kwalo lihlulwe izazinzulu kwiintlobo ezininzi. Kuye kwenzeka kuphela ngexesha le-anemia yengqondo, xa ifumana ukunikezelwa kwegazi okwaneleyo; Ekubeni uxinzelelo oluphezulu, xa iimvumi zikhula ezi zombini i-hemispheres okanye ukuba ubuchopho buye bonakaliswa kwezinye iindawo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iintlobo zokulala ziyakwenzeka iintsuku ezininzi, kwaye oku kuya kufikelela kwiminyaka emininzi. Le meko iyatshintsha, ihamba kunye ne-tone ye-muscle yehla, kwaye yanda.

Iphupha lempilo lihlala lididekile kunye ne-hynotic states, kodwa oku akunjalo into efanayo. I-hypnosis ingabangelwa yimpembelelo ekhethekileyo yendalo okanye ezinye izenzo zomntu, ezikhuthaza enye okanye enye imfuneko yesigaba sokulala. Ngethuba lokuhluka kweentlobo zesimo somzimba, i-cortical activity volunteering is disconnected. Kule meko, ukuqhagamshelana ngokuthe ngqo kunye nabanye kunye nobukho bemisebenzi yolwazi lugcinwa. Inkqubo yeentlanzi ngexesha lephupha ingaba zombini-inhibited-inhibited, kwaye kwimeko evuyisayo.

Ubuthongo bokulahla ngexesha

Njengoko kukhankanywe ngaphambili, iintlobo ezi-3 zamaphupha ziyahlukahlukileyo kumntu onempilo: i-monophasic (kanye kanye ngosuku), i-diphasic (amaxesha amabini), kunye nasebuntwaneni - kunye ne-polyphase.

Iintsana ngokuvamile ichitha iiyure ezingama-21 kwisigaba sephupha; Umntwana oneminyaka eli-6 ukuya kwiinyanga ezili-12 ngosuku ulala iiyure ezingama-14, ukuya kwi-5 iminyaka-iiyure ezili-12, ukususela kwiminyaka emi-5 ukuya kwe-10-malunga neeyure ezili-10. Umntu omdala ulala u-7-9 iiyure ngosuku. Ngokweminyaka yobudala, ixesha lokulala liye linciphisa.

Ukungabi nobuthongo

Ukungabikho kwexesha elifanelekileyo lokuphumla okufanelekileyo (ukususela kwiintsuku ezingama-3-5) kubonakala ngokubonakala kweengxaki zengqondo. Ukuqwenela okungenakunqwenelekayo kokulala kubandakanya: kunokwenzeka ukukhusela ukukhupha kwakhe kuphela ngeendlela ezinamandla ezibuhlungu, ezifana nokunciphisa inaliti okanye ukutshatyalaliswa kombane. Kumntu onqatshelwe ubuthongo, ukuhla kwehlelwa kwinqanaba lokuphendula, ngomsebenzi wengqondo, ukhathala kwanda kwaye ukuchaneka kwemisebenzi kuncipha.

Ayikho into ebonakalayo kunye nokuguquka kwexesha elide kwimisebenzi yemifuno. Zibonakaliswa kuphela ngokunciphisa okuncinci kumgangatho wobushushu bomzimba kunye nokunciphisa ukutshintsha kwe-pulse. Kodwa kungekhona wonke umntu ovakalelwa utshintsho oluthile lomzimba kunye nolokwengqondo, kunye ne-40-80-hours-sleeplessness.

Ukulala

Iintlobo zokulala zibonakaliswa ngolu hlobo lokuxhatshazwa kwexesha elifutshane. Kufika ukucinezelwa kweengcamango ngokunciphisa ngokupheleleyo kwiitoni zomzimba. Umntu unyanisa kulo mbandela ngoncedo lwe-anesthesia, oluchaphazela inkqubo ye-nervous central.

Ngexesha lokugonyelwa kwesigulane kwi-anesthesia, ukusebenza kwe-medulla oblongata kuyaqhubeka, ekubeni kwindawo yalo kukho indawo ebalulekileyo-i-vasomotor kunye namaziko okuphefumula. Ukuba impembelelo yezidakamizwa iqhubeka ixesha elide, ngoko kukhula kwimeko echazwe ngayo, ngenxa yoko ukukhubazeka kwamaziko kubhalwa. Ubuthongo obuninzi bendlwengulo bubangela ukufa kwesigulane.

Ukholo lokulala

Ukuqiqa malunga naziphi iinjongo zamaphupha ezenzekayo, siza kuqhubeka nenkcazelo engakumbi ngokulala. Le meko ayizange iqondwe ngokupheleleyo kulolu suku. Ayaziwa oko kubangela ukuba isigaba samaphupha. Ngethuba lokuqala kwalo mqathango, kukho ukutshintshwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kwiinkqubo zeenkqubo ezisemgangathweni kunye nokuzimela, kunye nezinye izitho kunye neenkqubo zomzimba womntu.

Iphupha lexesha lonyaka

Ezi ntlobo zamaphupha nazo ziyaziwa ngokuba yi-hibernation, ingqungquthela okanye ubuthongo obukhulu. Olu hlobo lwesimo lubonakaliswe ngokunciphisa okukhulu ekushiseni komzimba, ngelixa iindleko zamandla kunye nokunyaniseka kwenkqubo nganye yomzimba zancitshiswa. I-Hibernation ibonakalisa kuphela iintlobo ezithile zezilwanyana.

Izilwanyana ezinokukwazi ukugcina ubushushu bomzimba ngenxa yokuvelisa ukushisa kwangaphakathi zibizwa ngokuba yi-endothermic. Kukho izidalwa eziphilayo, ezibizwa ngokuba yizinto ezibandayo. Umntu unomlambo ofudumalayo, oku kuthetha ukuba ubhekisela kwiziphephelo kunye nezilwanyana ezilwanyana. Kungenxa yoko abantu abanako ukungena kwi-hibernation, ukushisa komzimba wabo akubavumeli ukuba banamathele ukulala ixesha elide. Kodwa kukho igazi elifudumalayo, elisoloko liwela ebuthongweni bonyaka, babizwa ngokuba yi-endotherms.