Ixabiso neentsusa iCrimea War ka 1853-1856

Phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-19 ngenxa uBukhosi Russian yabalasela kumzabalazo obukhulu oonozakuzaku ukuba Black Sea ezingxingongweni. Iinzame ukusombulula umba ngeendlela oonozakuzaku baye basilela kwaye kwakhokelela kungquzulwano kwaphela. Ngowe-1853, i-uBukhosi Russian wenza imfazwe nxamnye Ottoman ukuba ubukhulu kwi-Black Sea ezingxingongweni. I iCrimea War ka 1853-1856, ngamafutshane, -. Le wengxabano nomdla kumazwe aseYurophu kuMbindi Mpuma kunye kwiiBalkans. Phambili ithi baseYurophu baye bakha manyano anti-Russian, wawuquka Turkey, French uBukhosi, eSardinia neBritani. I iCrimea War ka 1853-1856 itshayelwe iindawo ezinkulu, oko ibanga kwiikhilomitha ezininzi. imisebenzi ibambene lwaqhutywa kumacala eziliqela. UMbuso Russian kwanyanzeleka ukuba alwe ngqo hayi kuphela eCrimea, kodwa kwiiBalkans, neCaucasus kunye East Far. Siya- nabo uxabana phezu kweelwandle - i-Black, White no eBaltic.

Ezibangela ingxabano

Izinto ezibangela le iCrimea War ka 1853-1856 mbali ukuchaza ngenye indlela. Ngokomzekelo, izazinzulu British bakholelwa esona sizathu siphambili imfazwe bundlobongela yokukhula zibonwe Mykolaiv Russia, umlawuli kwakhokelela ekunyukeni kwembambano kuMbindi Mpuma kunye kwiiBalkans. mbali Turkish kubonakale esiyintloko okubangele umnqweno imfazwe eRashiya ukuseka izinga lokuqaqamba yayo phezu okubandezeleka Sea Black, nto leyo enokwenza kuLwandle Black kwelizwe umzimba ubukhosi amanzi. Iimbangi nto loo iCrimea War ka 1853-1856 kwaqaqambisa historiography Russian, nto leyo ithi kungquzulwano ezenze umnqweno eRashiya ukuphucula imeko yabo iyaxokozela kwiqonga lelizwe jikelele. Ngokutsho kwababhali-mbali ezininzi, imfazwe neziphumo iseti iziganeko kobude, kwaye ngamnye lamazwe inxaxheba ezona zinto zifuneka kuqala empi zabo. Ngoko ke, kude kube ngoku, izazinzulu imbambano ekhoyo umdla musa ukuza ingcaciso efanayo ezibangela ukuba iCrimea War ka 1853-1856.

wengxabano komdla

Kokuqwalasela izizathu ezibangela ukuba iCrimea War ka-1853-1856, kuphuma ekuqaleni impi. Isizathu sokuba oku ungquzulwano phakathi Orthodox kunye amaKatolika yolawulo wengcwaba oyiNgcwele, phantsi kolawulo Ottoman. Ultimatum ku Russia ukuba ayinike izitshixo iTempile embejembeje yabangela yoqhankqalazo evela Ottoman, luxhaswe yi France kunye ne-United Kingdom. Russia akayi larhoxa ukusilela izicwangciso zabo kuMbindi Mpuma, ndagqiba ukutshintshela kwiiBalkans yaye wavala akwabi zabo nazo izilawuli.

Le khosi ye-iCrimea War ka 1853-1856.

Bekuya kuba ngcono ukuba ayahlule ungquzulwano izihlandlo ezibini. Isigaba sokuqala (Novemba 1953 - Epreli 1854) - ukuba nje impixano Russian-Turkish, apho eRashiya uthemba ukufumana inkxaso evela UK kunye Austria zaye kungafaneleki. Kwakhiwa miba mibini - eCaucasus and eCrimea. Uloyiso ebalulekileyo kuphela ulwandle Russia Sinop idabi ngoNovemba 1853, ngexesha apho fleet Sea Black wahlulwa Turks.

Ukukhusela Sevastopol kunye Battle of Inkerman

Ithuba lesibini waze Februwari ngo1856, kwaye wamiswa yi lomzabalazo manyano ithi yaseYurophu ne Turkey. Kwendiza imikhosi eManyeneyo kwi eCrimea ngenkani imikhosi Russian singena nzulu lo zwe. Kwinqaba iShushan kungenakugqithwa nje Sevastopol. Ekwindla ka-1854 yaqalisa wokhuselo okhaliphileyo Sevastopol. umyalelo nolungafanelekanga yomkhosi Russian kunokuba buhlungu ngaphezu wanceda abavikeli mzi. Kwiinyanga ezili-11 ngaphantsi kolawulo oomatiloshe Nakhimov P., V. Istomin, Vladimir Kornilov kwawona ukuhlaselwa lutshaba. Yaba kuphela emva kokuba kwaba nzima umzi akawugcini uYehova, le abavikeli, iyishiye inkonyana, bavuthela izitora iingalo watshisa yonke into zinokutshisa, ngokwenjenjalo ukuphazamisa imikhosi encedisayo uceba ukuthatha phezu kwisiseko yomkhosi.

amabutho Russian ziye iinzame ukuphambukisa ingqalelo evela namahlakani ka Sevastopol. Kodwa ke bonke maloudachnyh. Ukungqubana e Inkerman, zimphathe kummandla Evpatoria, kwi-Black River idabi azizange uzuko yomkhosi Russian, waza wabonisa backwardness yayo, izixhobo lixesha kunye nokungakwazi ukuziphatha kakuhle imisebenzi zomkhosi. Zonke ezi zenzo Bazizisile kokoyiswa Russia emfazweni. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba amabutho ahlangene wavuka. Imikhosi iBritani France ekupheleni kuka-1855 ziphelisiwe, yaye oko ukutshintshwa amagunya ezintsha eCrimea wayengekho.

Iimbumba abaseAfrika kunye Balkan

I iCrimea War ka 1853-1856., Inkcazelo eneenkcukacha apho sizamile, baza bahlasela abaseAfrika Front, iziganeko eziye ekhulisa noko ngolunye uhlobo. Imeko kwakukho elilungileyo ngakumbi eRashiya. Imizamo umkhosi Turkish ukuba ahlasele eCaucasus akuphumelelanga. Kodwa imikhosi Russian bakwazi phambili nokuba nzulu Ottoman, niwudle Turkish inqaba Bajazet ngo-1854 no Kars ngo-1855 Allied Nemisebenzi kwiBaltic kunye neelwandle White kunye East Far akazange abe yimpumelelo ephambili. Kwaye osemanzini kakhulu imikhosi yamajoni bemanyene, kunye uBukhosi Russian. Ngoko ke, ekupheleni kuka-1855 yabalasela de facto ekumeni impi kuwo onke amanqanaba. Amaqela alwayo theyibhuli thethwano, ukuba kwimpahla iCrimea War ka 1853-1856.

Ukugqitywa neziphumo

Uthethathethwano phakathi Russia kunye namahlakani e-Paris kwaphela isivumelwano soxolo. Phantsi kwingcinezelo iingxaki zasekhaya, isimo sengqondo nobutshaba ka-Prussia, Austria kunye Sweden, eRashiya wanyanzeleka ukuba ukwamkela neemfuno namahlakani le neutralization koLwandle Black. Vala ukuzithethelela iziseko aselwandle neenqanawa, ndayihluthwa Russia zonke iimpumelelo iimfazwe zangaphambili kunye eTurkey. Ukongeza, iRashiya ufunge ukuba ukwakha iinqaba phezu Aland Islands kwaye kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukunikezela ulawulo oozilawuli Danubian kwizandla Amanyeneyo. Bessarabia wadlula Ottoman.

Ngokubanzi, i-iCrimea War ka 1853-1856. Babizwa ixubene. Impixano wamtyhala ihlabathi yaseYurophu iyonke re ngokwemikhosi yabo. Oku kwakuthetha ukuba iyazingenela imveliso kwezixhobo ezintsha kakhulu ukutshintsha isicwangciso kunye namaqhinga imfazwe.

I Ottoman, ukuchitha izigidi iiponti kwi oncomekayo imfazwe iCrimea, kwabangela kwibhajethi lizwe ukuba ugcwalise ungonakala. Amatyala eBritani banyazelisa Sultan of Turkey ukwamkela inkululeko yonqulo kunye nokulingana bonke, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ngabaluphi na uhlanga. United Kingdom Aberdeen limisiwe yikhabhinethi kwaye kwasekwa entsha, ephethwe yi-Nkosi Palmerston, ngubani irhoxisiwe amagosa isikhundla sentengiso.

I iCrimea War ka 1853-1856 kwanyanzeleka Russia ukuba bafune iinguqulelo. Kungenjalo, sinokutyibilika kungena enzonzobileni iingxaki zoluntu, leyo, iza kukhokelela le mvukelo edumileyo, isiphumo okuyinto bangakhuphi ukuqikelela omnye. Amava yemfazwe iye yasetyenziswa kuhlaziyo emkhosini.

I-iCrimea War (1853-1856), ukhuseleko Sevastopol, kunye nezinye iziganeko kwalo ungquzulwano kushiya uphawu ebalulekileyo kwimbali, uncwadi kunye nokupeyinta. Ababhali kwi imisebenzi iimbongi amagcisa baye bazama ukubonisa zonke ubuqhawe amajoni akhusela Sevastopol kwinqaba iShushan, yaye ukubaluleka enkulu zomkhosi uBukhosi Russian.