Inxeba wempi owaphukileyo "uMarat" waziphendulela iLeningrad

Inqanawa "uMarat" yasekwa ngo-1909 yaye yaqaliswa ngowe-1911. Emva koko ke ingabizwa ngokwahlukileyo kuyo - "Petropavlovsk". Malunga emithathu neminyaka eseleyo ekufakelweni kwezinto zokusebenza kunye nezixhobo, kwaye ngoko ke uthiwe inikwa fleet yangoku. Kwaba kakhulu: ubude 181 m, ububanzi ubuninzi 27 m, ubunzulu kwezulu - 8.5 m.

Indima oomatiloshe lweBaltic kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II nto ebaluleke kakhulu, idabi engundoqo senzeka imiphambili ilizwe. iinqanawa Russian savalelwa a amaJamani Gulf geni, inxaxheba yabo kuphela ukuba isicelo lezimangalo zokudubula nxamnye notshaba.

Uninzi oomatiloshe kwiBaltic Fleet kuxhaswe ukunyuka ukuya namandla iiBolsheviks, abakhuthele kumsebenzi ubuxoki phakathi kwabasebenzi. Noko ke, ngo-1921, ukuze uqonde umgaqo-nkqubo omtsha karhulumente, oomatiloshe kwarhoxiswa Kronstadt qhankqalazo, efuna ukudala qumrhu ngaphandle ngamaKomanisi.

Imvukelo yafakwa phantsi, abo bavukeli wadubula. Ukususa imemori yeziganeko emibi ngenxa iiBolsheviks, iinqanawa ezininzi igama, kuquka i "Petropavlovsk".

Inqanawa "uMarat" (ukuba igama elitsha) kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini ezayo, liye ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba kuthotyelwe phantsi maxesha. ukwakha umzimba Basic oluqinile, imilinganiso yalo, ukuvumela ukuba ukucwangcisa iinkqubo izixhobo ezahlukeneyo. Ukubana wenqanawa, esemayo ngo-1914, 23 000 iitoni lwandiswa ukuba phantse 26 amawaka., Ikakhulu ngenxa yokuthatha umlinganiselo superstructures ukuphucula inkqubo motor-amandla (kunokwenzeka ukuba ukusebenzisa i yesibaso solwelo), ekufaneleke zokudubula, imipu VOP (apho kukho imfuneko) . kwenziwe Kuye nokuqinisekisa ukuba inqanawa "uMarat" ofakelwe ngezixhobo mihla unxibelelwano, nale uluhlu kunye nezixhobo zolawulo umlilo.

Kwisalathisi naliphi gunship igunya - lesikali esikhulu. Obukhov sisityalo kumaxesha tsarist ukuvelisa izixhobo ezisemagqabini kwizithuthi. Elinambini iznto-305 mm banikwa ezinde ezine zokudubula. Uhide wempi "uMarat" ezinokukhokelela le elishumi elinamithandathu inkqubo kunaso-millimitha 120 "Vickers" kunye ngereyithi kwemijikelo 7 ngomzuzu ngamnye. Nangona kunjalo, indawo yabo kumgangatho ophakathi kukhokelele izikhalazo yi oomatiloshe njengoko isikhundla sabo asezantsi kube ukudubula nzima ngamaza, kodwa iziganeko ezilandelayo abonisa, kubaluleke enkulu.

Ngu ekuqaleni imfazwe eSoviet Union dreadnoughts ezintathu zokudubula enamandla, enye yazo yaba wempi "uMarat".

Imbali wasiphinda ngokwayo ngowe-1914 ngehlobo lowe-1941. Baltic Fleet labanjwa kwi-Gulf of Finland kunye kuvinjwa amathuba okungena kwigumbi yokusebenza. Ixabiso iinqanawa kwimeko egqitywe ukukwazi ukuba kutolwe ngokuchanekileyo kude, baye yaba ezidadayo iibhetri zokudubula, leyo, ngokubanzi, kwaba kubi kakhulu.

Njengoba umsebenzi ixesha elide "dvenadtsatidyuymovok" amaJamani ngokukhawuleza ndaqonda ukuba kufuneka enze into ukuze ukuba zivaliwe. Kuphela iindlela esengqiqweni moya ukuhlasela sibe ukusombulula le ngxaki.

Hans-Ulrich Rudel wayalelwa ukuba kuqhunyiswe le dreadnought eSoviet. Le uLieutenant Luftwaffe wafumana amava combat ngexesha lephulo European, ebonisa ukuba abe ngomnye pilot kakhulu kakuhle ngenjongo. Phambi kwakhe, abaninzi baye bazama ukuba ukubetha umkhombe, zokuqala 250-kg, ngoko halftones zibhombu, kodwa ukuba bangene nomgqomo lomgubo angasenza pilot kuphela.

Ezabo siyinxenye 1,000 kg uzityhobozele bronepalubu Wasazisa detonation emthethweni. yonke impumlo le off ezaphukileyo, ngaphezulu kwama-320 amalungu abasebenzi babulawa, kuquka umphathi ivanov P. K.

Ukuzama ukuba ukugcina wempi "uMarat", abasebenzi babonisa isibindi namasu. Corps likwazile ukubeka emhlabeni kunye umqulu oluncinane kunye kwelizwi, leyo kuvunyelwa emva kokuba imisebenzi yohlangulo ukugcina zokunqanda amandla ezinde wefula zokudubula, uze umlilo kunye isaphetha yesibini. Kulo isikhundla provoeval inqanawa kwada kwayimini kwizixekoapho kokuba kuvalwe iindlela eLeningrad. yena "UPetros noPawulos" waphinda waqala ngo-1943. Kuyabonakala ukuba, ixesha-Dunton Robespierres yaphela ...

Kwakukho omnye nokuthiywa ngokutsha, ngo-1950, lo wempi igama "Volkhov". Isitya uthathe metal ngo-1953, oko wakwazi ukufunda oomatiloshe abaselula.