Indawo yendawo yaseMoscow: izilungiso, indawo kwimaphu. Iimpawu zendawo yokuhlala yaseMoscow

Inkulu yeRussia Federation yiMoscow - enye yeyona mihlaba emikhulu yehlabathi lanamhlanje. Ikhaya labantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-12. Uphi uMoscow? Iyiphi inxalenye yelizwe ekhoyo? Iyiphi indawo yaseMoscow naseMoscow?

EMoscow - inkulu-dolophu yaseRashiya

Ngokwababhali-mlando, iMoscow yayiyinkunzi yombuso waseRashiya ngokokuqala ngqa ngo-1340. Namhlanje abantu abayizigidi ezili-12.4 bahlala kweli sixeko. Ngalolu lathisi, iMoscow iphakathi kwezixeko ezilishumi eziphezulu kwilizwe ngokubhekiselele kubemi. Nantsi ilayibrari enkulu kwiYurophu kwaye enye yezinto ezivakatyelele kakhulu - iMoscow Kremlin.

Abantu sele bekhethwe ixesha elide kubomi babo. Oku kubonakaliswa yizinto ezininzi ezifunyanwa ngophando lwezinto zakudala. Kamva, indawo efanelekileyo yaseMoscow yakhangela abahwebi kunye nabachwepheli kwisixeko. Aba bahamba ngokugqithiseleyo bembethe isikhumba, benza iimveliso zokhuni nentsimbi.

Ukuzama ukuchaza imvelaphi yegama elithi "Moscow", abaphandi baphula kwiinkampu ezimbini. Umntu owayesebenzisana naye kunye nolwimi lwesiSlavonic oludala, apho eli gama linokuguqulelwa ngokuthi "idampu." Owesibini ugxininisa ukuba iingcambu zale ngqungquthela yi-Finnish. Kule meko, igama lamanje elithi "Moscow" lingabalwa ngamagama amabini aseFinnish: "mosk" (ibhere) kunye ne "wa" (amanzi).

Uphi uMoscow? Siza kubeka ingqalelo ngakumbi kwi-geography ye-capital city.

Indawo yendawo yesixeko

UMoscow ibaluleke kakhulu kwizemali, kwizenzululwazi nakwiziko leRashiya. Esi sixeko sasisungulwa phakathi kweXII kwaye inamhlanje ihlala eYurophu. Iyintoni indawo yendawo yaseMoscow? Yaye yachaphazela njani imbali yesixeko?

UMoscow uhlala entliziyweni ye-East European Plain, ekuphazameni kweVolga ne-Oka. Isixeko ngokwawo simi kuMlambo waseMoskva, owawunika igama lawo. Ukuxhaswa kweMoscow kunobuncwane: iinduli ezisezantsi zilapha kunye nezihlambo eziphantsi. Ukuphakama komyinge weedolophini kwimizuzu eyi-144.

Ubude obuphela beMoscow ukusuka kumntla ukuya ngasentla buyi-51.7 km, kwaye ukusuka entshona ukuya empuma-29.7 km. Kwinqanaba elisentshona-ntshona-ntshona, idolophana iya kufikelela kumda we-Kaluga.

Ngokuchanekileyo, indawo yeMoscow kwimaphu yaseRashiya iboniswe ngezantsi.

I-Geographic idibanisa kunye nommandla wengingqi

Iimpawu zendawo yokuhlala yaseMoscow ziya kuba zingaphelelanga ngaphandle kokucacisa izilungelelaniso zayo. Ngoko, isixeko siseMntla naseMpuma i-hemispheres zomhlaba. Iingqungquthela zayo ezikuyo zi: 55 ° 45 'ngasentla. W., 37 ° 36 'empuma. Njl. Ngendlela, kwisiqhelo esifanayo sitholakala kwizixeko ezidumileyo njengeCopenhagen, Edinburgh, Kazan. Umgama omncinane ukusuka eMoscow ukuya kumda welizwe waseRussia ungama-390 km.

Kodwa umgama ukusuka eMoscow ukuya kwezinye iinqununu zaseYurophu kunye nezixeko ezinkulu zaseRashiya:

• IMinsk - 675 km;
• Kiev - 750 km;
• ERiga - 850 km;
• Berlin - 1620 km;
• ERoma - 2380 km;
• ELondon - 2520 km;
• Ekaterinburg - 1420 km;
• Rostov-on-Don - 960 km;
• IKhabarovsk - 6150 km;
• I-St. Petersburg - 640 km.

UMoscow ngumzi onamandla kakhulu. Ngako oko, imida yayo ihlala ishintsha kwindlela yokunyuselwa. Namhlanje inkunzi ihlanganisa indawo engama-2,561 km. Km. Oku kufaniswa nendawo yeLuxembourg.

UMoscow - ibalulekileyo yezothutho

Indawo efanelekileyo kakhulu indawo yaseMoscow inegalelo ekutshintsheni ngokuthe ngcembe kwesi sixeko kwindawo ebalulekileyo yezothutho. Kwakudala ngo-1155 u-Andrei Bogolyubsky wadlula kule ndawo, ethwele uphawu olungummangaliso lukaMama kaThixo kuVladimir. Namhlanje, ukusuka eMoscow, kubalulekile ukuhamba ngeendlela zokuhamba ngezithuthi ezahlukeneyo.

Inkqubo yokuthutha yangaphakathi kweso sixeko iphinde iphuhliswe. Ewonke, izikhululo zeenqwelo ezihlanu kunye nezitishi zasoliwe eziseMoscow. Zonke iindawo zengxowa-mali zixhomekeke kunxibelelwano lwebhasi, i-trolleybus kunye neetram. I-metro yaseMoscow ibhekwa njengenye yezona zikhulu kwihlabathi. Ubude obude bemigca yayo (ubunani be-12) buyiikhilomitha ezili-278. Ngendlela, ngokweminye i-hypothesis, kukho umgca we-metro eyimfihlo kwikomkhulu edibanisa iKremlin kunye ne-bunkers yempi yokukhusela.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zobume baseMoscow

Inkunzi enkulu yaseRussia ikwahlukana kwezakhiwo ezintathu ze-orographic. Ngumntla we-Smolensk-eMoscow ngasentshonalanga, i- Meshchera intlambo empuma kunye ne-Moskvoretsko-Oka ithafa ngasezantsi. Yiyo le nto ichaza ukuxhatshazwa kwayo. Ezinye iindawo zaseMoscow zincinciwe kakhulu ngemigodi emininzi kunye neengqungquthela, ngoxa abanye, ngokuchaseneyo, ziindawo ezinqabileyo kunye neziqhumane.

Isixeko sisekuhlaleni kwemozulu yeqondokazi elimnandi kunye neyureji kaJanuwari ephezulu -10 degrees, Julayi - i-+18 degrees. Isixa semvula eMoscow, njengomthetho, asidluli kuma-600-650 mm ngonyaka.

Imifula yemilambo, i-rivulets kunye nemifudlana encinci ithwala amanzi ngaphakathi kwimizi yesixeko. Inkulu kunazo zonke nguMlambo waseMoscow, i-Setun, iKhodynka, i-Yauza ne-Neglinnaya. Enyanisweni, namhlanje ininzi imilambo yaseMoscow "ifihlwe" kwiindawo zokuthungela phantsi komhlaba.

Akukho imfuneko ukuthetha malunga naluphi na ukhuseleko lomhlaba kwi-metropolis enkulu njengeMoscow. Ihlabathi le-sod-podzolic yinto eqhelekileyo kwiindawo zedolophu ezingenakho ukuphuhliswa kweendawo zokuhlala okanye zoshishino.

Phantse kuwo onke macala, iMoscow ijikelezwe ngamahlathi - ipayini, i-oki, i-spruce kunye ne-lime. Kwisixeko esifanayo, iipaki ezininzi, izikwere kunye nezikhala eziluhlaza zenziwe. Ipaki eyimvelo enkulu kunomkhulu "Losiny Ostrov".

Ubume bezoqoqosho kunye neendawo zeMoscow kunye novavanyo lwayo

Isixeko sase-EGP sinenzuzo kakhulu. Okokuqala, ukusuka kwinqanaba lokuthutha. Imizila ebalulekileyo yemoto kunye neendlela zomzila wezitrosi zidibanisa eMoscow kungekuphela kwimizi emikhulu yaseRashiya, kodwa kunye namanye amazwe asekufuphi kwamanye amazwe. Ukongezelela, ngokusondeleyo kweso sixeko kukho amandla anamandla kunye neziseko ze-metallurgical zombuso.

Isibini sesibini inzuzo ye-EGP yaseMoscow yiyona nkalo yemali yesixeko. Nguye owamisela ukufakwa kuyo kwiziko elithile likarhulumente, ama-ambassasi angaphandle, iiyunivesithi ezibalulekileyo kunye namaziko emali.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, indawo ephakamileyo yendawo yokuhlala yaseMoscow yinto ebalulekileyo ekuphuhlisweni kwayo kwezoqoqosho kwiminyaka emininzi. Namhlanje, izakhiwo zezoqoqosho ezikhululekile zidalwe kwaye zisebenza ngaphakathi kwintlawulo enkulu kunye nendawo ekufutshane kuyo.

Indawo yendawo yommandla waseMoscow

Ukuba ukuzithethelela ngokomfuziselo, i-capital-capital, njengokuba kunjalo, ihlanganiswe ngokubambisana kommandla waseMoscow okanye ummandla waseMoscow, njengoko befuna ukubiza le ndawo ngokungaqhelekanga. Ngommandla yinto yesi-55 yeRussian Federation.

Amadlelo afumaneka kwi-East Yurophu Plain kunye ngqo nomda weKaluga, Smolensk, Tver, Yaroslavl, Vladimir, Tula naseRyazan. Ukukhululeka kwendawo kungaphantsi. Kuphela kwintshona kwintsimi yindawo encinane.

Ummandla awutyebi kwiimithombo zamaminerali. Kwimiqathango yayo kukho iiposphorites ezingabalulekanga, i-sandstone, i-limestone, amalahle omdaka kunye ne-peat. Ummandla waseMoscow usekuhlaleni kwemozulu yezulukazi epholileyo kunye nehlobo epholileyo kunye nobusika obusika. Ummandla uyahlukelelwa kumnxibelelwano ophuhliso lwe-hydrological network. Imilambo emikhulu yommandla waseMoscow yiMoscow, iOka, iKlyazma, iSurgeon.

Inyaniso enomdla: ummandla uphantse ngokulinganayo ukusuka olwandle olusondeleyo (iBlack, iBaltic, White kunye neAzov). Ngommandla walo kubalulekile iindlela zokuthutha ezidibanisa iRashiya namazwe aseMpuma Yurophu.

Ummandla wamanje waseMoscow ngummandla obalulekileyo oshishino. Ngokomthamo opheleleyo wemveliso yezoshishino, i-9 yeRashiya.

Isiphelo

Ngoko, ziziphi iimpawu zendawo yokuhlala yaseMoscow? Njengesishwankathelo, sibhala uluhlu olubalulekileyo kubo:

• UMoscow usekuyingxenyeni yaseYurophu yelizwe, kwi-55 efana neNyakatho yeNtlabathi yoMhlaba;
• Inkunzi enkulu yaseRashiya isentliziyweni ye-East Europe Plain, kwiindawo eziphantsi kwemozulu yelizwekazi;
• Kwiinqununu ezininzi zaseYurophu, iMoscow isondele kumgama kunamanye amadolophu amakhulu eRashiya;
• Isixeko sisekuhlaleni kweendlela ezibalulekileyo zokuthutha, ixesha elide lixhuma iYurophu kunye neRashiya ne-Asia;
• Zonke iinjongo zendawo yokuhlala yaseMoscow ziqiniswa kuphela yimo yayo.