Luxembourg, inkcazelo kunye nesithombe

Ngokuqhelekileyo kukholelwa ukuba urhulumente unendawo enkulu kakhulu nenani elithile labantu abahlala kulo. Konke oku kusebenza nakweliphi na ilizwe kwihlabathi, kodwa kukho amandla anjalo, ubungakanani bawo abuhambisani nombono wephilisi elula malunga nelizwe eliphakathi. Elinye lala magama anqabileyo yiLuxembourg, indawo leyo malunga ne-2586.4 square meters. Km. Ngaye kwaye uthethe ngakumbi kwinqaku.

Ulwazi olufutshane

Eli lizwe laseYurophu liphakathi kwamazwe amathathu amakhulu: iJamani, iFransi neBelgium. Ummandla wonke waseLuxembourg unomda welizwe, ubude obude buyiikhilomitha ezingama-359. Ngelo xesha, umda wonxweme awukho ngokupheleleyo (akukho siphumo elwandle). Iholide yelizwe kweli lizwe ngoJuni 23 - Usuku lweSizwe.

Abemi kunye nolwimi

Njengokuba sele uqondayo, indawo yaseLuxembourg, umfanekiso oboniswe ngezantsi, uncinci kangangokuba inani labahlali basisigxina kweli lizwe alibalulekanga kwaye lilingana nabantu abangama-576,249 njengokuba kuqale ngo-2016. Iilwimi zaseburhulumenteni kwilizwe ziFrentshi kunye neTurkey. Inkolo eyona nto yiKatolika.

Umlando

Abantu bokuqala bahlala kwintsimi ehlala kwindawo yaseLuxembourg, enye iminyaka engama-35 000 edlulileyo. Ngexesha le-Neolithic elisezantsi kweli lizwe langoku, abahlali bexesha elidala bakha izindlu ezivela emithini, kwaye iindonga zahlanganiswa ngodongwe nomdiliya. Ngethuba le-6 ukuya kwekhulu lokuqala BC, iLuxembourg yayixhaswe yiGauls, kwaye kamva ilizwe laba yinxalenye yeRoma. Kwakhona, urhulumente wasinda ekuhlaselweni kwamaFranks.

Ubudala beMinyaka Ephakathi

Ngeli thuba ilizwe laseLuxembourg liyingxenye yoBukumkani boBukumkani baseRoma noLorraine. Ngama-963 ilizwe lafumana ukuzimela, kodwa ngowe-1477 iHabsburg yafika yamandla, kwaye kamva ummandla waseLuxembourg wathonywa yiSpain. Emva kokuvukela, ehlelwe yiNetherlands ngokumelene nomlawuli waseSpain, uLuxembourg yahamba phantsi kwe-Protector ye-Dutch. Emva koko, urhulumente waqhutyelwa nguFransi neSpain.

XX yenkulungwane

Ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuqala, iLuxembourg (indawo yelizwe eboniswe ngasentla) ithatha indawo yokungathathi hlangothi, kodwa oku akuzange kumsindise emsebenzini waseJamani ngo-1914. Ngowe-1919, igunya lithathwe yiKomidi yoLuntu loSindiso, kodwa ngenxa yoko, igosa laseFransi laphinde lalawulwa ngamandla olawulo lobukhosi.

Umsebenzi wesibini waseLuxembourg weza ngowe-1940. Kwaza kwakhona amaJamani afika kweli lizwe. Kodwa ngeli xesha urhulumente akazange ahambe malunga nabahlaseli, kwaye ngoko ke bonke abahloniphekileyo bashiya amakhaya abo. I-duchy yanyuka kwigunya lemveli yamaNazi, kwaye ulwimi lwesiFrentshi lwaye lwafa. Ekupheleni kowe-1941, ilizwe langena kwi-Reich Reich. Abantu ababalelwa ku-12 amawaka bahlanganiswa, amanye amawaka amawaka akwazi ukuphunyuka, kwaye malunga nenani elifanayo labantu bafa kwiintshaba.

Ngomhla ka-1944, yonke indawo yaseLuxembourg yakhululwa kumaNazi, kwaye ilizwe lajoyina umanyano wezoqoqosho kunye ne-Netherlands neBelgium (eyayibizwa ngokuba yiBenelux). Ngomnyaka we-1949, ilizwe elincinci kodwa eliziqhenyayo laba lilungu lebhokisi lezempi lase-NATO, ngaloo ndlela liphule ukungathathi hlangothi kwalo mkhosi. Ngowe-1964, itrone ye-duchy yayinguNkosana uJean, owathi ngo-Oktobha 2000 wanyanzeliswa ukuba athathe umhlalaphantsi kumandla ngenxa yempilo embi kunye nokuguga. Endaweni yakhe kwakukho unyana wakhe uHenri.

Isakhiwo sezopolitiko

Inhloko yaseLuxembourg nguDork Grand. Yena ngokwakhe usebenzisa amandla alawulayo kwilizwe ngokusekelwe kumgaqo-siseko. Nguye obeka ukubunjwa kobuninzi boorhulumente kunye nomyalelo wokusebenza kwawo, uvakalisa kwaye uyayivuma imithetho eyahlukeneyo, uchaza abantu ukuba bafumane isikhundla semikhosi kunye nemibutho yabantu, nguMlawuli oyiNtloko yeNtloko, unelungelo lokugqiba izivumelwano ngezizwe ngezizwe, njl.

URhulumente waseLuxembourg ulawulwa nguNdunankulu. Isebe legunya lamandla lisetyenziswe yiCandelo laMaspala, elikhethwa lixesha leminyaka emihlanu ngokukhetha okhethwayo kwinkqubo. Abantu abafikelele kwiminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo banelungelo lokuthatha inxaxheba kokhetho.

Ulwahlulo lolawulo

Indawo yaseLuxembourg, eneenkcazo ichazwe ngokucacileyo kweli nqaku, ihlulwe ngamabakala amathathu: Luxembourg, Grevenmacher, Diekirch. Kwizithili nganye umntu oyintloko ngu-commissar, kwaye iidlanti zilawulwa ngamagosa. Oomasipala, amabhunga olawulo lolawulo lwakhiwo ngamabhunga okhetho. Inani lamakhonkco alishumi elinambini, kunye nee-communes - 105.

Inkqubo yoBulungisa

INkundla yoMgaqo-siseko isebenzisa, njengoko kulula ukuqikelela, iNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko. Igunya eliphezulu kwinqanaba lolawulo lokugweba yiNkundla ePhakamileyo, equka iNkundla yeCassation kunye neNkundla yeziBheno. Kukho inkundla yesithili kunye neenkundla zehlabathi. Inkqubo yokuthotyelwa komthetho imelwa yiPolisa yaseGrand Duchy.

Icandelo loqoqosho

Nangona inyaniso yokuba indawo yaseLuxembourg inesikwere. I-Km ayikho enkulu kakhulu, eli lizwe lincome kakhulu. Ngenxa yobukho bendawo ye-offshore, i-capital yelizwe ibinombutho malunga neengxowa-mali ezili-mali ezihlukeneyo kunye namaziko angaphezulu kwama-bhanki angaphezu kwamakhulu amabini, aphezulu kakhulu kunanoma yiphi enye indawo ehlabathini. Ngokwemali engenayo yemali, ilizwe liyingxenye yesine kwi-world ranking. Esinye seshumi semveliso engaphantsi komhlaba yaseLuxembourg iyisisitye sezinto zetsimbi ezimbi kunye nokuveliswa kweehagu zensimbi.

Umntu akanakukungaziboni ukuba i-state inekwereti yangaphandle, eyakhula ngokukodwa ngexesha leengxaki ze-2008-2011. Isiseko soqoqosho lwelizwe liinkonzo ezahlukeneyo, kunye nakwi candelo lezezimali.

Kwakhona, uqoqosho lwelizwe lufumene indawo yeebhanki, amanxibelelwano e-telecommunication ziphuhliswa, iivideo kunye nezixhobo zomsindo ziyaveliswa, iimveliso zamakhemikhali, iimashishini, iingubo, i-porcelain, iglasi kunye neeplastiki zenziwa. Iinkampani zangaphandle zifana nokusebenza eLuxembourg nangenxa yokuba abasebenzi basekhaya basebenza ngokubanzi kwiilwimi ezininzi.

Indawo yaseLuxembourg kwiwaka elingu-km2 ayibalulekanga, kwaye i-market yayo yexabiso yendawo ibiza kakhulu. Ngo-2008, umyinge weendleko nganye kwisilinganisi semitha yeendawo zokuhlala kweli lizwe lalingama-4,800 zama-euro.

Rhafu

Imirhumo elandelayo ifakwe kwinkqubo yerhafu karhulumente:

• Intlawulo yerhafu ehlawulwe ngabanye.
• Intlawulo yerhafu ehlawulwe ngamashishini.
• Irhafu kaMasipala.
• Yentlawulo yerhafu.
• Ixabiso lentlawulo eyongezelelweyo.

Oomasipala banelungelo lokuqokelela irhafu yerhafu kuphela yomhlaba.

Ubunjineli, unxibelelwano, uthutho

Ukufunda indawo yaseLuxembourg, ulwazi oluthe nkcukacha ngokubhekiselele kulo ncoko, siyaqaphela ukuba ubude beendlela ezihamba ngezothutho ziiikhilomitha ezingama-5100, izithuthi zomzila zolulelwe kwiikhilomitha ezingama-370. Ichweba elikhulu lomlambo welizwe nguMertert. Kukho iipilisi yeoli kunye nobude beekhilomitha ezingama-48.

Ukunxibelelana ngomnxeba karhulumente kusebenza ngokuzenzekelayo. Ngexesha elifanayo, ilizwe liqeshisa ezintathu iintambo ze-TAT-b zonxibelelwano ezibekwe phakathi kweYurophu neNyakatho Melika.

Phantse zonke iintlobo zamandla asetyenziswayo eLuxembourg zingeniswa ngaphandle, kuquka ilahle, i-gesi yendalo kunye neoli.

Inkunzi

Ummandla wesixeko saseLuxembourg unama-square ayi-51.73. Km. Akunakutsholwa ukuba abantu abaninzi bahlala kwisixeko esikhulu selizwe. Ngokweedatha ngo-2016, inani labantu labemi likhulu malunga newaka lama-115. Ngelo xesha, ipesenti yabangaphandle ziphezulu kakhulu - 58%. Isixeko ngokwawo sisekuphakameni kweemitha ezingama-316 kumgangatho wolwandle kwaye sisekuhlanganisweni kwemimandla emibili engekho mkhulu kakhulu-uPeterrus no-Alzet. Imozulu kwindlunkulu inomgangatho oceanic, onobumnene. Ubusika buyadlula ngobumnene, kwaye ehlobo iqondo lokushisa alisoloko liphakama ngaphezu kwe-+25 degrees Celsius. Ukongezelela, kunqabile kakhulu kwisixeko sitshisa ilanga, esoloko sitshatyalaliswe. Ukunciphisa kukuwa unyaka wonke, kwaye ebusika kaninzi kubakho ikhephu elininzi kunye nexesha elide.

Isalathiso esikhulu sedolophu yaseLuxembourg nguMgaqo-siseko weCapital Square, ongeyonto enkulu kakhulu. Kwiziko laso kukho isikhumbuzo kubemi beSixeko abafa ngexesha leMfazwe yeSizwe yokuqala neyesibini. Kwinqanaba leli khumbuzo ngumfanekiso wejoni elililela abazalwana bakhe abafileyo. Umphezulu wesicatshulwa sithweswa isithsaba somfanekiso "Golden Frau", ephethe i- laurel wreath ezandleni zakhe. Isikhumbuzo sakhiwe ngowe-1923, kodwa ngowe-1940 sachithwa ngama-fascists. Ukubuyiselwa kwesiganeko esimbalileyo kwenzeka ngo-1984.

Ukongezelela, iCathedral yaseLuxembourg yethu i-Lady yethu kunye nayo yonke into yayo yesithathu ibonakala ngokubonakalayo ukusuka kwisikwere. Kukho uphononongo olukhethekileyo. Kusuka kuyo ungabona iindawo ezintle kakhulu. Kubathandi beentendo zizohambo kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo kwiibhasi eziphezulu.

Ukutshintshwa kwamandla

Yonke indawo yaseLuxembourg, ulwazi olunzulu malunga noluphi na wonke umntu namhlanje, lulawulwa yindoda enye - iDuke. Ngokwesiko elide, itrone e lizweni idluliselwa kumntu omdala weentsapho zolawulo, kwaye ukuba akukho nanye, intombi endala ifika kwindawo yakhe. Intsapho yamatsha e-state inokubaluleka kakhulu phakathi kwabemi abaqhelekileyo, njengoko iziqhamo zifanekisela ukuchuma nokuzinza kobuso.

Iingcali zeCulinary

Nangona indawo yaseLuxembourg kwi-sq ye-sq. Km ayikho into enomdla kakhulu, kukho ikhefu lelizwe eliphucukileyo kakhulu kweli lizwe. Abapheki basekhaya badibanisa zabo zokupheka iimpumelelo zeJamani, zaseBelgium naseFrench. Nangona kunjalo, zikhokelo kuphela zaseLuxembourg. Umzekelo, ubisi olugalela ii-piglets, ingulube kunye nobhontshisi, ukugcoba kwi-hare ye-Luxembourgish isithandwa kakhulu. Yaye yintoni eyaziwayo ngokugqithiseleyo ngeLuxembourg iwayini elimhlophe, eliye lafumana ukuqaphela kwilizwekazi laseYurophu. Kwakhona kwiphondo kuvelisa ezininzi iintlobo zebhiya kunye newayini ezikhanyayo.

Ngokubhekiselele kulwaphulo-mthetho eLuxembourg, kweli lizwe ulwaphulo-mthetho luphantsi. Oku kuzisa i-duchy kwenye yezona zikhundla ezikhokelayo kwihlabathi ngokwemigaqo yokhuseleko. Nangona kunjalo, amanani abonisa ukuba inani leenkokhelo zesikhwama liye landa kakhulu ngoku, ngoko musa ukuphawula kwiindawo zoluntu, ingakumbi kwisikhululo se-moya kunye nakwizikhululo zezithuthi.