Intlekele yeSophocles "Tsar Oedipus": isishwankathelo esifutshane. "King Oedipus": iingxaki, amaqhawe, isishwankathelo esifutshane seziqephu

Umxholo wale nqaku kukuhlalutya komnye wemisebenzi yasendulo kunye nomxholo omfutshane. "UKumkani u-Oedipus" yintlekele yombhali kaSophocles, umbhali waseAthenen, ongomnye wemidlalo embalwa eye yasinda nanamhla. Namhlanje, kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini emva kokufa kombhali, umsebenzi wakhe awuzange ulahlekelwe ukuthandwa. Isekelwe emidlalo kwimidlalo, kunye neefrimu. Inqaku elipheleleyo kukuba ukuphela komntu akuzange kuboniswe ngokugqithiseleyo njengalolu daba.

Iqhayiya elikrakra

Abahlali beSophocles, kunye no-Aristotle osisilumko, wayekholelwa ukuba lo mdlalo uyinhloko yokulawula umlobi walo. Ukuba kuphela isishwankathelo esifutshane sinikezelwa, "u-Oedipus King" akayi kuba yinto engummangaliso. Ekuboniseni ngokupheleleyo, ukudalulwa kweSophocles ngumsebenzi wefilosofi.

Bonke ubomi bomntu oyintloko bubhekene neentlungu. Uzama ukuphunyuka kwixesha elibi, kodwa ekugqibeleni naye yonke into eyenzekayo yinto echazwe nguothixo. Enye yeyona ntsimi yeyona ntsimi enkulu yehlabathi kwincwadi yabhalwe nguSophocles. "UKumkani u-Oedipus," isishwankathelo esichazwe kwinqaku, yinto yokuqala ye drama yomhlaba. Ndiyabonga ngomfanekiso weconagonist, uSophocles wangena kwimbali yeencwadi zehlabathi. Ngoko, masiqhubekele kwimiyalezo.

Inkolelo: Isishwankathelo

UKumkani u-Oedipus yiqhawe lomnye weengcali zeTheban. Ukususela kwiimbali kunye neengcamango zangaphambili, abalobi, njengombandela, bakhuthazwa.

Inkolelo ka-Oedipus ichaza ngokukrakra kwe-intinies. Iqala ngebali malunga nekosi ethile yeLae. Yena kunye nomkakhe uJocasta ixesha elide babengenamntwana. Ngokutsho kwezithethe zase-Athene, nangaliphi na isizathu, bekufuneka ukuba ufake isicelo sencedo kwi-oracle okuthiwa yiDelphic. U kumkani wenza oku. Nangona kunjalo, umprofeti ohloniphekileyo akazange amkholise uyise onamahloni, amxelele ukuba unyana wakhe uya kuba, kodwa xa ekhulile, wayeya kumbulala, kwaye, ngakumbi, athathe umfazi wakhe, oko kukuthi, umfazi kaLi.

Le ngxelo imayelana nantoni na imizamo yabantu abaqhelekileyo ukuba batshintshe oko kulungiselelwe ngaphambili. Isiseko sefilosofi kunye nenkolo sinokuvakalelwa nangona emva kokufunda isishwankathelo esifutshane. UKumkani u-Oedipus ngu-protagonist we-legend, apho kuqala ukuchazwa kwe-oracle. Emva kwesiprofeto, uyise uyalela ukuba ashiye umntwana osanda kuzalelwa ezintabeni zasendle. Kodwa umkhonzi uziva uxolo ngomntwana kwaye uyifake kumalusi ongaziwayo. Kananjalo, omnye ukumkani-uPolba, o-Oedipus uya kulujonga ngoyise.

Emva kweminyaka emininzi, u-Oedipus uva ukuxela okubi kakhulu kwi-oracle efanayo. Kuhambelana ngokupheleleyo noko u-Lai wesaba kakhulu: umfana wayeya kubulala uyise kwaye abe ngumyeni womhlolokazi obulawe, ngumama wakhe. Engazi igama lomzali wakhe wangempela, umoni ozayo uya kushiya indlu yomntu okhulile. Iminyaka emininzi, njengompangi, iqhawe lethu lihamba. Kwaye ekupheleni, uLi ngengozi ubulala. Emva koko konke kwenzeka ngokukodwa njengoko i-oracle ithembisile.

Episodius kuqala

Isishwankathelo sesiqephu sokuqala kukuphela kwesinye seziganeko ezidumileyo zase-Athene. UKumkani u-Oedipus ngumlingiswa weengcamango. Ibali lakhe libolekwe yiSophocles kwaye lenze inhlekelele, kwisenzo sokuqala apho ababukeli kwisigaba babona umgca obalaseleyo ukhona njengomlawuli.

Ngoko, umlingisi obalaseleyo lo mdlalo kukumkani. Igama lakhe nguOedipus. Ngelinye ilanga umkhombandlela ubonakala kwikhotwe yobukhosi, abathathi-nxaxheba abacela inkosi ukuba bancede. E-Thebes, isifo esiyingozi sisanda. Isibetho sele sithintela ubomi abaninzi, kwaye ekubeni abemi bebona i-tsar kuphela njengomsindisi (wayebancedile, waza wathabatha itrone), bajika kuye ngokuncenga ukuba balinde inhlekelele embi.

"UMsindisi", njengoko kwakubonakele, wayesele athathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo: wathumela abathunywa kwi-oracle enamandla onke. Emva kwakho konke, unamandla, elele ekufundeni kuThixo ngokwakhe uApollo ngesizathu seso sibetho esibi.

Impendulo ifika ngokukhawuleza: isibetho sithunyelwa kwisijeziso ngenxa yokuba uThebes uhlala ngokungazifunanga kwiThebes. Kwaye u-Oedipus, engayikrokreli ukuba uyisisenzo esifanayo, ufungela ukufumana nokusola ityala.

Umdlalo kunye nomdlalo

Ukudala umdlalo, ukulandelelana kweziganeko zesalathisi sezengqungquthela kwatshintshwa kakhulu nguSophocles.

Iyintoni intlekele "ye-Oedipus King"? Isishwankathelo salolu dlaliso ibali malunga nomlawuli othile othi, ekukhangela umntu ongeyena, ufunda inyaniso malunga nemvelaphi yakhe kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho lwakhe.

Uthini umahluko phakathi komsebenzi weSophocles kunye nomgca? Kulo mlando, sithetha ngendoda eselula eyenza ulwaphulo-mthetho, kwaye iya kuba yinkosi ngentando yokugqibela. Nangona kunjalo, ekugqibeleni ifunyanwa ngokubuyisela. Kwi-story yaseAthene, yonke into iyicacile. Kwiintlekele, inyaniso ibonakaliswe kuphela ekugqibeleni.

Ababukeli base-Athene, ibali leengingqi laliqhelekile ukusuka ebuntwaneni. Igama lombulali laziwa kakuhle kubo. Umdlalo wokudlala kweSophocles wawunempumelelo enkulu. Isizathu sisengxaki yezenhlalakahle kunye nokuziphatha komsebenzi onzima. Ababukeli bokuqala bokudlala okungafiyo banomdla ngokuziphatha okufanelekileyo kunye nokuzimisela komlawuli, ezandleni zabo ukuphela kwesiphelo sabantu bonke. Ukumkani akakwazi ukwenza okunye. Ngokuqinisekileyo uya kufumana umbulali wongaphambili wakhe aze amjezise. Umlobi womdlalo uguqule intsomi yenkokheli kwisiqhelo somculo. Umsebenzi wathintela kwizinto ezinomdla nje kuphela kubabukeli be-antique.

Umsunguli wale ntlekele yayinguSophocles. "UKumkani u-Oedipus," isishwankathelo esichazwe kweli nqaku, ngumsebenzi malunga nokungahambi komntu onobungozi obulawulwa nguThixo onamandla onke.

Kwinqanaba lemidlalo yaseshashalazini yasendulo yamaGrike, umveliso wawuquka isiqalo, i-denouement kunye nesigxininiso esinamandla. Eli cwangciso lakhiwa yiSophocles, ekuthiwa yiyihlo yentlekele. Enye into ayifake kwi-art arts yayibonakala ekupheleni komntu omtsha.

ITiresias

Kule ntlekele, yonke ingqwalasela ijoliswe kumlingisi oyintloko. Kwi ngasinye sahluko, ukhona kwaye ubandakanyeka ekuthatheni inxaxheba. Ngaloo ndlela, phantse yonke imisebenzi eyenziwa yiSophocles eyakhiwe. "UKumkani u-Oedipus," isishwankathelo sakhe sancitshiswa kwiintetho zeengqungquthela kunye namanye amaqhawe, kwaye ngokuyinhloko kunye nama-oracle, kwisiqendu esilandelayo sinomxholo wenkosi kunye neTiresias. Le ndoda yintlanzi eyayazi inyaniso, kodwa ngenxa yenceba akayi kuyenza ngokukhawuleza ukuyivula. Nangona kunjalo, ngoncedo lokulila kunye nosongelo, ukumkani ufuna ukuqonda kuye. UTiresias ubiza igama lombulali. Eli gama linguOedipus.

Creon

"U-Oedipus King", onomxholo omfutshane unika ingcamango yemigqabango kunye neengcinga ezibangelwa yintlekele, yinto ekhethekileyo yohlobo lwezemidlalo. Iinjongo zokuphindezela, ukufa kunye nomzabalazo wamandla ziboleke kulo msebenzi nguShakespeare ngokwakhe.

Emva kwamazwi ambi kaTiresias, intsapho yobukumkani iya kuqala. UCreon ungumzalwana kaJocasta. Kwaye nguye yena, ngokwezithethe zamandulo, kwakufuneka athathe itrone emva kokufa kukaFaro. Kodwa ngokukhawuleza kwavela umntu wasemzini, wasindisa abantu baseTheban kwi-monster yegazi, kwaye, njengombonakaliso wokubonga, wathola oko kwakufanele ngenxa yesihlobo. U kumkani waba yinto engaziwayo kunoma ubani u-Oedipus. Mhlawumbi, umzalwana kaJocasta wayenomsindo kumlawuli osandul 'ukwenziwa, wahlela yonke into waza wancenga uTiresi ukuba anike ulwazi olubi? Iingcamango ezinjalo zatshutshisa u-Oedipus, kwada kwavela intlekele inxaxheba ekungeneni ubudlelwane-ukumkanikazi.

Jocasta

Umama wasemzini wathatha umfazi u-Oedipus. Isishwankathelo senkolelo ithi kuphela le ntombi ayizange ibe yedwa isenza isono sesithandane. Kulo mdlali odlala umdlalo lo mfanekiso unempawu zobunjani. I-Jocasta ngumfazi oqinileyo onamandla. Emva kokufunda malunga nesizathu sokuxabana phakathi kwabantu, uyabahlekisa. Ngomgudu wokubonakalisa ubuwula ukuba bakholelwe ukubikezela, uthetha ngobuncinci bakhe. Amabali akhe aphulaphulwa nguKumkani Oedipus.

Isishwankathelo seziqephu zeziganeko kunye nokubonakaliswa kwe-protagonist. Ngokupheleleyo, lo msebenzi uyincoko yenkondlo, apho imvelaphi yintonga. Ngaphandle kwayo, akukho mdlalo omnye we-antique ongayenza. Kwaye apha, xa uJocasta eqala ukuxelela umfana wakhe omncinci ibali eliqhelekileyo, ingoma ye-choral iya kuba yinkwantleko kwaye iyadabukisa.

Ibali lekosikazi

UJocasta uthetha ngendlela alahlekelwe ngayo umntwana wakhe wokuqala, kwaye umyeni wakhe wabulawa ngabaphangi. Ukufa kukaLi kukukhumbuza i-Oedipus yeziganeko ezenzeka ngexesha lakhe. Kwaye iziprofeto zezibhengezo, ngenxa yokuba ukumkani wayala ukuba alahle umntwana, zifana kakhulu nezo zinto umyeni omtsha waseJocasta ayekhe washiya ekhaya. Imemori yowesifazane ithengiswa kuphela ukwenzela ukuba kuqinisekiswe abaphikisanayo ukuba bayaphutha.

Iziprofeto ze-oracle azikho ndawo. Bangakwazi kuphela ukunyusa umntu ukuba enze iimpazamo ezingafaniyo. Ngoko uJocasta uthi. Iqhawe elibuhlungu, okwangoku, lithatyathwa ngoloyiko olubi.

Culmination

Ibali lobomi obufihliweyo kwiimfihlakalo ezimbi, ezifanele zixazululwe ekupheleni komdlalo, yinto ebalulekileyo yile. UKumkani u-Oedipus ukholelwa ukuba umntu omnye kuphela onokumnceda afune inyaniso. Umkhonzi omdala, owakhe wathatha umntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa kwiintaba, uya kuphendula kuphela, kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu, umbuzo. Kodwa eThebes le ndoda ayikho. Umyalelo wanikwa ukufumana ikhoboka. Okwangoku, ubuso obutsha bubonakala kwinqanaba.

Umthunywa uvela ezweni lakubo aze abize ukufa kwePolbb. U-Oedipus kufuneka athathe indawo yookumkani oshonile. Kodwa izibikezelo ze-oracle zithi emva kokuba atshade nonina ... Indoda evela kude, efuna ukuqinisekisa i-Oedipus, ibonisa yonke inyaniso. Ngoku kuyaziwa ukuba uPolbb akayena uyise. Kwaye ukuze kufezekiswe yonke inyaniso, i-Oedipus iya kuJocasta. Emva kweengxabano kunye nokuthelekiswa kwezinto, uyaqonda ukuba zonke izibikezelo ezinikezelweyo kunye noLuius zizalisekile.

Ukazikazi uyazibulala. U-Oedipus uyimfama, ngaloo ndlela uzalisekisa isithembiso sakhe sokujezisa isigebengu.

Intlungu yeSophocles "King Oedipus", isishwankathelo esichazwe kwinqaku lethu, ngumsebenzi ongafiyo we drama yomhlaba. Iqhawe lomlobi wamandulo nangona kunjalo ngamandla oothixo, kodwa ngamandla akhe onke uzama ukuba ngumlawuli wexesha lakhe. Nangona kunjalo, into eyona kuphela ayenayo ukuyenza yisohlwayo. Kodwa uSophocles u-Oedipus ungomnye wamaqhawe amancwadi.