Ibali lemali

Thina sonke baqhele, ukuba imali - yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ebomini wonke umntu, ukuba yonke indawo ehlabathini ekugunyazisayo ixabiso layo, yaye ukuze afumane into, kufuneka uqale ube ixabiso le "into" ngokwemimiselo yezemali. Kodwa akukho elowo kuthi wacinga ngale nto leyo imbali ukuvela imali, nto nje ngoko abantu basungula indlela elula ukufumana into oyifunayo.

Imbali yamandulo ukubonakala imali

Ngaphambi kokufika imali phakathi uninzi eyayikho ngelo xesha, urhulumente iye isetyenziswe ngempumelelo unaniselwano (obazakunceda lamazwe womabini - "Wena - Mna, mna - you"), kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, abantu baqala ukubona ukuba iimveliso ezahlukeneyo sixabiseke ezahlukeneyo ukutshintshiselana, umzekelo, ijagi ubumba isonka asinto inzuzo kakhulu. Kwaye kwaba nzima kakhulu, umzekelo, ukutshintshiselana umsengi wakhe ubisi yeentlanzi njengoko amasi umlobi wayengenamdla, kufuneka isonka, umbhaki kunye, bona, kufuna ingqolowa. Yaye ngoxa umsengi uya uzakufun aukugqithisa le isangqa yonke, yaye oko kubonisa ukuba iintlanzi akunjalo.

Ke, ngokuthe ngcembe kumazwe ahlukeneyo aye waqala ukungena izinto ezithile imali. Masithi, ezininzi izizwe Indiya kusetyenziswa oonokrwece neeperile, ezinye iintlanga - izikhumba zezilwanyana, oboya, okanye iinkomo, kodwa kamva, ngexesha Omkhulu eRashiya, imali uthathwa iintonga ityuwa, umzekelo, e-Ethiopia. amaqokobhe Cowrie nazo wavuma inzuzo yemali kwamanye amazwe e-Afrika, Thailand, India. Yaba kuphela emva kokuba yonke le nto, abantu baqala ukungena njengemali iintsimbi. Ngoko ke waqalisa Nakule mihla ukuvela imali.

Ikhosi kophuhliso emali

Okokuqala, kumazwe amaninzi, ezo izinto ezenziwe ngobhedu ezazisetyenziswa njengoko lwemali, isilivere nezinye isinyithi kunye uqikelelo izikali ezahlukeneyo. izitena zegolide ezazisetyenziswa kuphela emazweni ambalwa ezincinane (Libya, Pakistan), lo, amanye amazwe, ibhengeze ngokusesikweni ibhari segolide njengeyunithi emali, yenkukhu ukusuka intsila sobhedu, igolide nesilivere, kodwa efika kuqala ukwahlula kwi zegolide yokwenene kwakungelula, ngokuba copper kokunika umbala zendalo yellow. Ngoko ke, singatsho ukuba ezi ithi Sizibandakanye ukuguqula le mveliso.

Emva koko, kule BC ngenkulungwane yesixhenxe, saqalisa ukuba ukwazisa imali yesinyithi. Ngako oko, kunazo zonke kubo zemali zegolide, isilivere balandela, kakuhle, nobhedu - i ziqhelekileyo kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Siza kubabiza imigangatho kunye lwemali. Kubonakala ngathi bona bejongene iimbotyi zesiqhelo.

Apho wenza engange?

Metal imali kwimbali Russia wabonakala kamva - ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yesithoba. Silver steel bullion wayaphula iinxalenye eziliqela malunga ngokulinganayo. Ngaloo ndlela ke igama - le engange.

Njani na imali iphepha lokuqala

Ngo- China, i-mali ibe uyilo engaqhelekanga kakhulu - ngeenxa kanye lwemali amcaba umngxuma square embindini. Kube yimfuneko ukuba kube lula - ukuba enziwe kwi ngaphambili lokusila entanyeni yakhe. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, abantu baqonda ukuba ekuthiwa-"yomqala" - Bundisinda njengomthwalo onzima, waza waqalisa ukunikela irisithi iinkozo - nengqinisekiso ebhaliweyo ukuba akuvumelekanga ngalo naliphi na ixesha pick phezulu kwaye usebenzise kubo. Ngoko ke, ekuhambeni kwexesha, ngemali kunye neebhanki kuba isenzeko aqhelekileyo, kunye neerisithi zithandwa kwaye adla ngokusetyenziswa ebantwini. Ngoko kulo nyaka 910 e-China wadala imali iphepha lokuqala. Amaxolo ye mthi yemibhaka lisebenza njengesiseko yephepha.

ERashiya, imbali ukuvela imali iphepha yaqala kuphela ngo-1769, xa uCatherine II lizise le mbono kweli lizwe. Kodwa ke uphuhliso imali iphepha kweli lizwe bafumene ekhawulezileyo.

Kodwa ngoku ngakumbi nangakumbi ukuba indawo ngonyaka ngamnye imali ukusetyenziswa rhoqo (iipeni ngoku phantse zange isetyenziswe, nokuba babefudula benjani, kwaba ngesondo-ezilishumi kuphela), ukuba indawo imali iphepha (hayi kudala wangena hlobo par ixabiso amawaka amahlanu engange).