Iankile beenqanawa. Anchor Matrosov: iimpawu zoyilo

Bekuya kubonakala ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuthetha ankile? Simple, ekuqaleni, uyilo. Kodwa idlala indima enkulu kubomi enqanaweni. Umsebenzi ophambili we-ankile - inqanawa ngokukhuselekileyo ebotshelelwe ilizwe, naphi na, elwandle okanye elunxwemeni. Powerboat okanye kwezikhephe, ship, okanye itanki multi-ton - intshukumo ekhuselekileyo bendawo elwandle Nasiphi na isitya kuxhomekeke ukuthembeka iiankile.

Anchor yoyilo eyavela kwithuba elingaphezu amakhulu eminyaka. Ukuthembeka, usebenziso olulula, ubunzima - parameter nganye kufunyaniswe yi elwandle, ukubala iimayile ezisetyenziswa elwandle. Uninzi izikhonkwane amagama aqhelekileyo: iinqanawa, umkhenkce, ikhuba, ikati. Kodwa kukho iiankile, ogama emva kwabayili zabo. Phakathi nabasunguli uyilo ethembekileyo ixilongo amagama: Hall Noomateloshe, Danforth, uBruce Byers, Boldt.

"Anchor chain ikhonkco kwizibuko ... 'okanye Crew iankile

Anchor kufuneka aqinisekise berthing ekhuselekileyo, inqanawa, isikhephe okanye kwezikhephe phezu iindlela enzonzobileni yolwandle. Ukongeza, le iankile ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekucombululeni ezinye iingxaki:

• Kwenza nokushukumisa isitya ngexesha mooring kwenye inqanawa okanye mooring kwiimeko yezulu embi, imisinga enamandla, ekuqhubeni ukulayisha imisebenzi.
• Lets make ithuba ekhuselekileyo izithuba evalelwe (umz in exineneyo Harbour).
• Ngaba ngokukhawuleza ukucima inertia uvingce inqanawa xa ejongene ingozi.
• Ukunceda ukuba refloat isikhephe aba belungu bayehluthe kubo.

Amalungu ngesakhiwo ankile (imibhobho chain hawse) Maxa wambi xa ethwele.

A imeko apho kusetyenziswa ankile, zingahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amabini.

Iqela lokuqala - ukusetyenziswa ngexesha likaxakeka: kwiimeko apho ankile kukugcina inqanawe iphezulu amandla umoya uburhabaxa yolwandle.

Iqela lesibini - ukusetyenziswa ngemihla; ngokuba stop elifutshane ngemini elungileyo

Ubume armature

Isaphetha enqanaweni - kwindawo apho ibekwe khona isixhobo okubambelela. isakhiwo iankile eyongezelelweyo zixhonywe umva iinqanawa ezinkulu, icebreakers kunye tugboats. Oku kuyilwa iquka zibambelela ngqo, kwikhonkco iankile okanye ngentambo, isixhobo ibhokisi kwitsheyini ngalo imixokelelwane iankile iqhotyoshelwe ofileyo fairlead inqanawa, lo ngesiciko, kwaye spire kunye windlass ngayo ukunika kuphakamisa yenkomo kanye.

Kwaye yintoni kukodwa nanjengeankile imilenze yentsimbi leyo ukhuseleko lomkhombe, labasebenzi kunye abakhweli ebhodini?

Anchor - uyilo ekhethekileyo (welding, uphose okanye lwenkohliso) apho utshona ukuya ezantsi kwaye ubambe isitya esebenzisa ikhonkco iankile okanye ngentambo. It iqulathe izinto ezininzi:

Othini (bar longitudinal) kunye okubambelela isibiyeli kwi inxalenye ephezulu - usebenzisa le isibiyeli encamathele chain yezikhonkwane;

Imilenze neempondo, leyo iqhotyoshelwe emileyo yokuluka okanye ukujikajika.

Thina ankile ngentonga, encotsheni yokusonta enyusiweyo intonga ezinqamlezayo, ukwandisa amandla imiwe.

Anchor uyilo: injongo, uhlobo

Ngesivumelwano inqanawa izikhonkwane:

• Auxiliary: iiankile, VERP, Dreki, iikati, umkhenkce. Indima iiankile abancedisayo - ukunceda beme kwiimeko ezithile; xa zamabhoda kunye lahlala abakhweli, iyalayisha kunye nokothula, ukususa isitya ukusuka inkitha, inqanawa sinokuba emphethweni ice entsimini.
• Uba: Kwi isitya nganye, kufuneka kubekho 3 (2 fairleads, 1 - on kumgangatho).

Ngendlela isampulu yomhlaba bohlulwa babe ngamaqela amabini.

Elinye iqela iquka armature, leyo uthathe umhlaba (m. E. wenkukhu kuwo) e dladla mnye. Ubukhulu becala oku kubandakanya ankile iinqanawa.

iankile ezidityanisiweyo elinye iqela otsho up emhlabeni ngeenyawo ezimbini: ankile Hall, Byers, Boldt, grusonia-Hein, Matrosov.

Uba ankile kufuneka bathobele ezi khrayitheriya zilandelayo:

• amandla;
• imbuyekezo ngokukhawuleza;
• isampuli umhlaba olungileyo;
• ukwahlukana kancinane emhlabeni ngexesha nokuphakamisa;
• lokuvala elula kwindawo "endaweni yayo zinokugcinwa."

Enye indlela ebaluleke kakhulu - ubambe elikhulu amandla, oko kukuthi amandla ubuninzi kulinganiswa ngeekhilogram, phantsi kwempembelelo apho iankile ephuma emhlabeni yaye uza kukwazi ukugcina isikhephe "kwi ngomnxeba".

Yakor- "Admiral"

Admiralty anchor zesini kuthathelwa ingqalelo i gqala phakathi ankile enqanaweni ngayo. Oku mhlawumbi ummeli kuphela kwezakhiwo kunye stock. Nangona yokuba kwakufuneka indawo imodeli mihla ngakumbi kwaye zithembekile, kusenjalo nanamhlanje uzalisekisa indima yalo emkhombeni weenqanawa. Oku kubangelwa nsimbi loyilo.

eminyaka engqinekayo ekwakheni iankile Admiralty lithi: imilenze esisigxina kunye mpondo baphoswe okanye bubunjiwe entongeni yokuluka kwaye enze elilodwa, ngaphandle izinto ezongezelelweyo ngoomatshini. Stem - ngomthi okanye ngentsimbi. umsebenzi wakhe - ukunceda ucingo lomhlaba okukhawulezayo kunye nesifundo iankile oluchanekileyo ebambelele ezantsi.

Uyilo compact kakhulu nezibaya: isiqu ibekwe ecaleni yokuluka, imifanekiso langoku isongwe kunye nemilenze. Oku lula yokugcina nokuthuthwa ankile ngexesha uhambo.

Iinzuzo kusebenza umkhosi ebambe elikhulu (ratio yayo ilingana 10-12), nto leyo ngaphezulu kwe "oogxa 'abaninzi kunye nobunzima efanayo.

"Admiral" uyakwazi ukumelana nayo nayiphi na umhlaba; yena ningoyiki nayiphi amatye amakhulu, phakathi adla wanamathela 'asebenza "okanye ukuthotyelwa singanyangekiyo intlenga okanye ezinawo ulele phantsi kwamanzi.

Bobubi ziquka yomkhosi wamanzi endala-timer kunye Ambiance kwi bulkiness, ukuntsonkotha Umthamo - oko kukhokelela kukuba yinto enzima entabeni indawo zinokugcinwa kwaye kufuneka sikhawuleze ukunika. Zibambelela intsimbi zakhiwa ebonisa iimfuno ngokungqongqo umgangatho eziphathekayo kungamampunge - oko kukhokelela indleko yalo phezulu.

Stem rhoqo lutshitshe: ukugoba isinyithi, kunye squid umonakalo iinkuni, oko ulula elifutshane elide.

Xa diving emhlabeni, unyawo omnye ning'ong'oza, kokubuza usongo amanzi nzulu iinqanawa, kwaye senza esikwiphondo osemhlabeni ukuba womdlalo kwaye bofanelana bephinyelene iankile chain.

anchor Hall

Ngowe-1988, eliNgesi Hall elilodwa lomenzi iankile ogama emva kwakhe. Le iankile kwakhona ingqalelo ijoni Navy, rodless kuphela. Uyilo iquka osimelela ngentonga kunye nemilenze ezimbini, wabumba kunye nebhokisi.

Ezihamba ngamathupha azo aba awuqhelekanga kwesi sakhiwo: kuba imilo tyaba, yaye ujingi ukuba aze ajikeleziswe kwindawo esqwini.

Ibhokisi kunye paw weighted yimisinga kunye bulges eluhlobo ngamaphiko. umsebenzi wabo - ukutshintsha imilenze, ebangela ukuba baye kungena umhlaba kubunzulu apho 4 amaxesha ubude tines ngokwabo. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi xa yomhlaba ibuthathaka kwaye kufuneka kakhulu nokuzinzisa ukuphumeza nesiseko esiqinileyo.

Uncedo engenakuphikiswa zonke iiankile iHolo zithathwa enkulu ngokwaneleyo ngokubamba amandla, imbuyekezo ekhawulezayo (it inokunikwa etyhalela, yaye, le ndlela ubuyisela usiza nkulu kumngcwaba paw) kunye zokucoca lula le fairlead.

Xa emanzini akukho kuyingozi ezinye iinqanawa, ekubeni imilenze balale ncwaba emhlabeni, avalele ikhonkco iankile okanye intambo iinyawo kunokwenzeka.

Ngu uyilo ezingalunganga ziquka unreliability of ngesibopheleli iankile kwi ekwakhiweni lweentlobo ngeentlobo zomhlaba xa kuthe torque okanye xa sipakwe kwiindlela oluvulelekileyo xa ulwalathiso umoya okanye ngoku strong xa armature iqala ukuba ingene spurts. Kulo mzekelo, xa iankile olomeleleyo jerk iphuma emhlabeni, yaye ke kwakhona ngokusebenzisa nzulu nemihlakulwana ukuba ukulawula induli nagresti yomhlaba. Oku kungenxa umgama kakhulu phakathi kwemilenze. Ngaphezu koko, ibhokisi lomnyango inokuba jam xa sicofwa isanti okanye luhlalu.

Xa retracting le fairlead iankile xa ihamba zokucoca bangakwazi ukuthatha ngokwabo indawo zabo ezinqwenelekayo ngenxa iziko hayi yimpumelelo kakhulu indawo gravity.

anchor Matrosov

Le ankile phakathi zoyilo mihla nokonyuka ngamandla ubambe. Created injineli Soviet I. R. Matrosovym kunyaka 1946, uye yafakwa izinto eziluncedo ukuphelisa iingxaki xa ihamba kweentlobo ezimbini iiankile: ngeenyawo engatshintsiyo (ezifana iinqanawa) kunye pivoting (anchor Hall).

design elenga ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: imilenze yokuluka, iintonga icala, isibiyeli ankile.

Xa inkqubo Matrosov ukujikajika ebanzi iinyawo close kufutshane kakhulu entongeni yokuluka kwaye kufutshane omnye komnye ukuba ngexesha ungamngcwabi emhlabeni ziqala ukusebenza paw enkulu. Ummandla ngamnye kubo ngaphezu enye isakhiwo ankile. Kunye ezihamba ngamathupha azo wayiphosa intonga kunye tide lateral. Intonga lisisiqalo wobomi ngokubhekiselele esqwini njengokujikeleza yokuluka. Umnqophiso walo - ukukhusela ankile ukusuka echithayo kunye nokwanda ubambe amandla, ezingena emhlabeni kunye ezihamba ngamathupha azo.

Izinto eziluncedo ze uyilo kukho uzinzo kumzobo emhlabeni, ayime amandla enkulu nkqu entlabathini ethambileyo nemihlaba uneentlenga uvalwe, na ubunzima ukukhanya kwaye lula elirhoxisa kwi fairlead ngexesha zokucoca. Ekuveleni umkhumbi 360 ⁰ liba ngokuzithemba.

Kuye nobubi zoyilo. Emhlabeni ngokuqinileyo kwi isanda elalana ankile ezingazinzanga. Ukuba imilenze zaphumela ukusuka emhlabeni, use emhlabeni ezingaqukwanga, kwaye iankile uyaqhubeka alawule. Isithuba phakathi kwemilenze kwi edibanise ukuze emxinwa ukuba ngokufuthi ucingo lomhlaba - ayithethi ukunika ithuba ukuphambuka ngokukhululekileyo Liyagquba.

production

Matrosov iankile iyafumaneka iinguqulelo ezimbini:

• welding (dladla welding)
• full-ubunzima exonxiweyo (dladla wabumba)

umgangatho bobugcisa ukuze iankile Matrosov - GOST 8497-78. Isetyenziswa iiankile, ezisetyenziswa kwiinqanawa kumphezulu, izikhephe kunye namaziko ezidadayo kwelizwe.

Iinkcukacha kunye parameters ezichazwe ubunzima (umlinganiso ankile)

iankile welding

iankile welding Matrosov eyenziweyo kwi kg-5 ukuya 35 steel stainless okanye intsimbi isale steel okanye ipeyinti camera.

Iiankile, Bathiwe wambu ipeyinti, kufuneka care olongezelelweyo (nokucocwa namhlwa kunye nepeyinti), njengoko ipeyinti ngokukhawuleza wakrazula zakhe zisemoyeni. Anodic coating ngakumbi ukumelana, kodwa kuxhomekeke kwakhona yabanjwa ngokwasemzimbeni kwi adibane emhlabeni. Eyona olutsho ngamandla izakhiwo welding - iiankile, welding steel stainless.

zafika

Yenza ingxubevange enziwa ubunzima Matrosov ukusuka kg-25 ukuya 1500.

Zidla ndoyilahla kwesinyithi isale anodic isimemezelo okanye ipeyinti.

Anchor Matrosov uphose inguqulelo pilot ivavanywe ngempumelelo kwiinqanawa zokuloba elwandle kwindawo zokusebenza. Izinto eziluncedo ze kuyo phambi ankile iHolo baba elingenakuphikiswa.

Kwaye yintoni ngcono?

Njengoko iintlobo ezahlukeneyo iiankile nqanawa, akukho impendulo elula kumbuzo ibinjani loyilo ingcono.

Nakuba kunjalo, iimvavanyo ezininzi ukufumanisa ubukhulu ngokubamba amandla kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba wabonisa ukuba ankile Matrosov 4 amaxesha kommandla kunye neHolo kunye yimilinganiso elinganayo.

Zibambelela isebenza ngokwaneleyo ukuba isetyenziswe yi izitya mfula emhlabeni, iinqanawa emlanjeni, izikhephe elwandle. On Unjengeenqanawa Navy ezenziwa siyisebenzisa ancedisayo.