Yintoni le khalenda Muslim

Le khalenda Muslim ikwabizwa ngokuba "hijra" okanye "hidzhrat". Ngoko ke, kaninzi ekusebenziseni loo maxesha Muslim bathi makenjenje okanye ezinjalo kunye nonyaka enjalo Hijra. Ingaba igama Arabic elithetha ukwaphula into, ukwahlula umphefumlo yomzimba okuyingxenye, kodwa inkoliso kuyo ukuba "ukuhamba ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye." Kwizithethe yamaSilamsi, ilizwi luthathiwe kuphela yeKoran, kodwa ngenxa hadith, amazwi uMprofeti uMuhammad nayo.

Kanye magama ezininzi, iziqu e-Islam, kwaye esetyenziswa ekutolikweni wezakwalizwi, ikhalenda Islamic okanye hidzhrat unalo ixabiso zembali elingumqondiso - yiyo ke le nto ke ekuqaleni konyaka wokuqala maxesha Islamic. Ukubaluleka sembali yale binzana kukuba igama elithi "hidzhrat" ngokwemveli elijongene kunikwe kwakhona Muslim ikhokelwa nguMprofeti ukusuka eMecca ukuya Medina (nto leyo edla ngokuba Ansar), xa kwanyanzeleka ukuba kude intshutshiso ekuhlaleni, amalungiselelo apho amaqaba. Ibali lithi abantu Ansar wabulisa ngovuyo utshayelela lokuqala ukholo omtsha ukwabelana nabo yonke into ababenayo.

Kungenxa yoko le nto kunyaka 622 uphawula ukuqala entsha, Islamic, era kwaye igqalwa kunyaka wokuqala hidzhrata, okt kwenye koluntu. Kule meko, yande kwiincwadi Russian ukusetyenziswa kwegama elithi "hidzhrat" ngengqiqo yokuba 'ukuya Medina ukubhabha umprofeti ophuma eMecca "ayichanekanga, ngenxa Islam kukholelwa ukuba uMprofeti bafudukela Medina, ukwenza ukuthanda kukaThixo, ukusasaza Islam, kungekhona ukuze ugcine ubomi babo. Ukongeza, ikhalenda amaSilamsi kwaye sesona unonophelo besono, umnqweno nkqu umsebenzi ekusasazeni ukholo, nesigxina ukoyisa iingxaki. Isibakala sokuba umba we "hidzhrat" abe ngengqiqo yokomfuziselo, ngokwenene lithetha "moya", kodwa sithetha malunga Abasindileyo ikholwa kuko konke engaqondanga nguThixo okanye benzakalise abanye.

hidzhrata Imbali intshayelelo ezinxulumene amabali ezininzi, ingakumbi, ibonisa ukuba nomtsalane efanayo kunye nemvisiswano phakathi lamaSilamsi namaKristu ngexesha umprofeti kunye nabalandeli bakhe bokuqala. Ngokomzekelo, omnye abafuduki kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba apho kukho kwikhalenda yamaSilamsi, obenziweyo benkolo yamaSilamsi e-Christian Ethiopia. abalawuli zobuhedeni iMecca wathumela Embassy ukubuyela iimbacu elizweni lawo, bade bathumela izipho Ethiopian uKhesare. Kodwa wagqiba ukuthetha benkolo yamaSilamsi kuqala. AmaSilamsi Ndimxelele ukuba phambi kokuba aba-zithixo, wamcekisa amahlwempu, iintombi okungafunwayo bangcwatyelwa waphila esantini. Kwaye emva kokuba iintshumayelo uMprofeti kaThixo, baye bagqiba ekubeni ukukholelwa kuThixo omnye, ukwenza izinto ezilungileyo; musa ukwenza okubi kwabanye, ukunceda amahlwempu kwaye ukukhusela abasetyhini kunye ukhutyekisiwe, baza baqalisa ukuba babasukele. I koMlawuli walila waza wathi kuyo nayiphi na imeko akayi kubuyela kwilizwe labo. Wada wathi ukuba bakhululekile ukuba benze ukholo lwabo e Ethiopia, ngokuba umthombo ntshumayelo uMprofethi kunye noMsindisi (uYesu Kristu) - iyafana.

Kulo nyaka 637, xa imithetho likaCaliph Omar, hidzhrata (ukufuduka) Umcimbi ingqalelo isiqalo sexesha elitsha, ngenyanga xa kwathi (Muharram) - wokuqala kwinyanga yonyaka ukuba maxesha elitsha. Nangona ngosuku lokuqala enyangeni leyo - nguwe kanye ngonyaka butsha khalenda bamaSilamsi (رأس السنة الهجرية), kodwa akukho imibhiyozo ezikhethekileyo lokubhiyozelwa namhla unganikezelwanga. Ngosuku lokuqala kunyaka wokuqala ikhalenda enjalo elungelelene ngoJulayi 16, 622.

Unyaka yekhalenda yamaSilamsi, kakhulu, iqulathe kweenyanga ezilishumi elinambini, livela ikhalenda kwenyanga, yaye ibanjwe zonke iiholide ezinkulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba kwiinyanga zibalwa kuphikelane nokuthwasa kweenyanga zonke komnye, kwaye iqulathe 29, kwiintsuku ezingama 30. Ngoko ke, kubonakala ukuba ikhalenda yamaSilamsi kwenyanga yahlula nyaka ibe iintsuku 354. Kule nkalo, kwaye ke ekuqaleni konyaka ixesha ngamnye kwatshintsha yi iintsuku ezili-11.