Imbali yayo indalo "Abafileyo Imiphefumlo" N. V. Gogolya

Kunokuthiwa ukuba umbongo "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo" lo mcimbi ubomi N. V. Gogolya. Emva kweminyaka engamashumi amabini anesithathu of ngobomi bakhe yoncwadi iminyaka elishumi elinesixhenxe wamnika umsebenzi kule piece.

Imbali yayo indalo "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo" kuhlangene kunye negama Pushkin. Xa "Confession Umbhali xa" Gogol wakhumbula ukuba Alexander liye ngokuphindaphindiweyo bamcebisa ukuba ubhale enkulu, imisebenzi ezinkulu-scale. Kuthathwe ibali lwetyala imbongi kaThixo, weva e Chisinau ngexesha elubhacweni lwakhe. Wayesoloko wamkhumbula kuye, kodwa wamxelela UNikolai Vasilyevich eminyaka kuphela enye enesiqingatha emva kwesiganeko. Ngoko ke, imbali "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo" isekelwe phezu adventures yokwenene i wamazwe, abo bathenga ngamakhoboka elide-zabantwana abaqeshisi ukuze babeke kuzo, ngokungathi abahlala kwiBhodi yeTrasti ukuba mboleko elide.

Enyanisweni, ebomini, yasungulwa umlinganiswa ophambili Chichikov umbongo lungenzeki kunqabile kakhulu. Kuloo minyaka, olu hlobo lobuqhetseba samasebe onke saye nokuba landiswa. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kwisithili Mirgorod waba ityala lokuthenga kwabafileyo. Enye into icacile: imbali kokudalwa 'Imiphefumlo Abafileyo "sinxulumana mnye Kwimeko enjalo, kodwa eziliqela, apho umbhali kuthwa ngobuciko.

Gembula Tchitchikov iyelenqe na imveliso engundoqo. Iinkcukacha nakancinane kuyo khangela asilolokwenyani, njengoko ndingekasuswa ubomi benene. Amathuba amashishini enjalo ngenxa yokuba kude kube kwenkulungwane ye-18, abalimi babekholelwa kweli lizwe, ngaphandle kokukhetha, nakwizindlu ngezindlu. Kwaba kuphela ngo-1718, umthetho wakhutshwa ukuba aqhube ubalo yomntu, ngenxa apho irhafu waba ezibizwa kuzo zonke ngamakhoboka into eyindoda, ekubeni abantwana. Inani labo zibalwe ngokutsha qho emva kweminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu. Ukuba owafa amahlwempu, wabaleka, okanye endalinika umkhosi, lo mhlaba kwafuneka ukuba bahlawule iirhafu zabo de kubalo elandelayo okanye ukwabelana ngazo phakathi kwabasebenzi eseleyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, nawuphi na umnini ufuna bahlukane lemiphefumlo ekuthiwa-abafileyo, ngokulula ubanjwe umnatha i wamazwe.

Ezi ezifuneka ngokwenene ukubhala umsebenzi.

Imbali umbongo "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo" ephepheni iqala ngo-1835. Gogol waqalisa ukusebenza kuyo kancinane ngaphambili ngaphezu kwi "Umhloli". Kodwa kuqala waye kakhulu akwenziwanga kude ngenxa yokuba, ukuba kubhaliwe kwathiwa izahluko ezithathu, wabuyela comedy. Yaba kuphela emva kokugqiba kuyo, yaye emva kokubuya evela phesheya, UNikolai wathabatha "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo" nzulu.

Nayo yonke inyathelo, ngalinye igama elitsha libhaliwe umsebenzi kwabonakala kuye bonke niso kwaye emakhulu. Gogol kwakhona kuyayitshintsha kwisahluko sokuqala, yaye amaxesha amaninzi alungise amaphepha ukulungele. iminyaka emithathu e eRoma, yena ulahlekisa nobomi yodwa, imali kuphela ukuba bangenele unyango eJamani kunye nakwabanye kancinane eParis okanye Geneva. Ngowe-1839 Gogol kwanyanzeleka ukuba ushiye Italy iinyanga ezisibhozo ubude, yaye kunye nayo kwaye basebenze lo mbongo. Emva kokubuyela kwakhe eRoma waqhubeka ukuba basebenze kuyo ngonyaka yaye ndayigqiba. Umbhali ziye usile kuqamba kuphela. Gogol "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo" wathabatha eRashiya ngo-1841 ngenjongo yokuba baprinte apho.

E Moscow, iziphumo zomsebenzi wakhe oneminyaka emithandathu wathabatha kwikomiti iSABC, amalungu babonisa ubutshaba kuye. Ke Gogol wathabatha ngqangi waza wajika waya Belinsky, iindwendwe nje e Moscow, becela ukuba imveliso kunye nabo eSt Petersburg ukumnceda ukufumana ngokusebenzisa imingcele. Umgxeki uvumile ukusinceda.

Yokuhlolwa eSt Petersburg ngaphantsi engqongqo, yaye emva kuthatha ixesha elide, kodwa ukuba le ncwadi ukushicilela. Nakuba ezinye iimeko: izilungiso isihloko kumbongo, ngo "I Tale of Captain Kopeikin" wumbi iindawo abangena- ezingamashumi amathathu anesithandathu.

umsebenzi ezinzima ekugqibeleni yapapashwa entlakohlaza 1842. Leyo ke imbali emfutshane "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo".