I-Raspberry: iintlobo zaseSiberia. Inkcazo, iimpawu zokutyala nokunyamekela

Ngubani ongaphuphayo ukunambitha amajikijolo aqholiweyo ama-raspberries ngokuqala kwehlobo? Le yiyona berry ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi be-amateur. Bangakwazi ukuthetha ngokungapheli malunga neentlobo, ukutshala, ukukhula, ukunambitha kunye nombala kwezi ziqhamo. Yaye yintoni i-jam edibeneyo kwaye iluncedo evela kuma raspberries!

Ubomi balo berry bufutshane nje: iintlobo zayo eziqhelekileyo zithwala iziqhamo phakathi kwehlobo, kanye ngonyaka kuxhomekeke kwiindidi kunye nommandla wokulima. Kodwa ntoni abathandi be-raspberry abahlala eSiberia bafuna ukukhula le berry?

Kungekude kudlulileyo, abafuyi baqaliswa "ama-raspberries" aseSiberia - iintlobo zaseSiberia, ezilungiselelwe ukulima kulo mmandla.

Ulwazi olubanzi malunga nama-raspberry

I-Raspberry ngummeli wentsapho uRosaceae Luss - i-rosaceous, uhlobo lwe-Rubus L. Le ngxenyana ende-shrub enomjikelezo wobomi obuncitshisiweyo wenxalenye yezityalo ezingaphezulu komhlaba. Inkqubo yeengcambu i-rhizome eneengcambu eziphantsi ngaphantsi kwee-40 cm.

I-Rhizome inikeza amahlumela ezimbini kwiindidi: ukuveliswa nokutshintshwa. Inxalenye yomhlaba yesityalo ikhula ezimbini: izihluma zonyaka zikhula kunyaka wokuqala kuze kube yindlabo yokupholisa, ngomnyaka wesibini zivelisa, zimele kwaye ziphele.

Kucaciswe ukuba isivuno se-raspberry ngqo kuxhomekeke ekuphakameni kunye nobukhulu bompompo: phezulu phezulu, izibalo zamasebe eziqhamo kuzo, kwaye ngenxa yoko, isivuno esikhulu. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukunyamekela ngokukhawuleza ekudaleni iimeko ezifanelekileyo ezikhuthaza ukuphuhliswa nokukhula kwezihluma zonyaka.

Yintoni ekufuneka ibe yi-raspberry ehlukahlukeneyo eSiberia

I-Raspberry ayifuni nayiphi na inkathalo ekhethekileyo, nangona kunjalo esi sityalo sithinteka kakhulu kwiibanda, esinciphisa amathuba okulima kuwo kwiindawo ezinobungozi. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokuqalisa ukulima kwesi sityalo, kuyimfuneko ukufunda iintlobo ezinokulungelelanisa imimoya kunye neemeko zemozulu kwindawo apho ama-raspberries aya kukhula. Iintlobo zeSiberia kufuneka zibe, okokuqala, ukukhuseleka kweqabunga, ukuvuthwa phambi kokuqala kokubanda kwaye kunganyangeki kwiintlanzi nezifo.

Ukulima ngokuphumelelayo kwama-raspberries ngonyaka, malunga neentsuku ezingama-75 zifunekayo ngeqondo eliphezulu elingaphezulu kwama-10 ° C kunye nobushushu beminyaka eyi-1600 ukuya kwi-1800 ° C.. E-Ntshonalanga yase-Siberia, loo migaqo ihambelana nemimandla esezantsi kwendawo ye-Khanty-Mansiysk-Krasnoyarsk. EMpuma yaseSiberia, ezi ziqhelwana ezincinci kwiisitya ze-Selenga, i-Angara kunye ne-Yenisei, nakwiMpuma Ekude phantse yonke indawo yase-Amur isilungele ukutshala.

Raspberries zaseSiberia

I-Raspberries isabela kakubi kumswakama ophantsi kakhulu wemifudlana yomoya: kwi-atmospheric air humidity ye-40%, ngaphantsi kwama-40%, oko kuthiwa "ukulwa nesomiso somoya" kuqala, oku kungakhange kuthinteke ngokutyhala umhlaba. Ikhokelela ekunciphiseni okubukhali kwiimveliso kunye nezivuno zeberry.

Ngokubhekiselele kwiiNtaba zaseMzantsi, iSiberia kunye neBhanki yaseLeft yaseVolga, kule mimandla ukunyuka ngokweqile kwemozulu yelizwekazi kwathinteka kakhulu.

Ababelethi baxhomekeke ngokukodwa kwizimo ezinzima zama-raspberries. Iintlobo zaseSiberia, ezithandwa kakhulu kummandla osenyakatho, zilandelayo:

• Ogonek Sibirskiy - iindidi ezinemihla ngemihla yokuvuthwa kwamajikijolo;
• I-sweet past - i-raspberry yangaphambili, ibekezelele ngokupheleleyo amaqabunga eSiberia;
• UBharnaul - unqabile kakhulu kwiintlobo zeqabunga;
• Umvuzo - ukubukeka kwamaqabunga kunye namajikijolo amnandi;
• Isipho saseSiberia sisininzi esiluquguqukayo esibusika, esingaqhathaniswa nezifo, amajikijolo amnyama.

Iimeko zokulima

Kuzo zonke izityalo zeberry ezikhoyo, kuphela i-raspberries yinto efuna kakhulu ukukhanya. Ukuveliswa kwamahlumela awo kwanda kunye nokuphuculwa kokukhanya. Ukufezekisa oku, qhawula, qinisekisa kwaye ukhethe inkqubo efanelekileyo yokuxhasa. I-Raspberries ensimini iyafuna ukunyamezwa komhlaba kwaye iphendule ngokungahambi kakuhle. Okubaluleke kakhulu kunamathele kumngcipheko ekuqaleni kwemifuno.

I-Raspberry, ukuma ngaphandle ngokuchaneka okukhulu kwamanzi, ngexesha elifanayo, ayinyamezeli ukunyamezela okukhulu. Amanzi amaninzi emhlabathini akhokelela ekufeni kwe-rhizome ngenxa yokungabikho kwe-oksijini, ukukhula kwezihlumela kuyancipha, ukuguga kwezicubu zabo. Izityalo zinciphisa ngokukhawuleza ukumelana nokubandayo nokuvelisa. Ukongezelela, inani lezilwanyana eziphilayo kwihlabathi elimanzi likhula.

I-Raspberry ifuna kakhulu ukubunjwa komhlaba nokuvelisa umhlaba apho ikhula khona. Akukho nto ilungileyo kunokutshala i-raspberry ngo-average average lodiam nge-well drainage.

Indlela yokukhetha indawo yokutyala

Isayithi, isigqibo sokuba sikhethe ukutyala i-raspberries, kufuneka sihlangabezane nale migqaliselo elandelayo:

1. Kucetyiswa ukuba nenkqubo yokunisela kufuphi nedonki yokunisela inkqubo (okanye ibhonki).
2. Umxholo we-humus ofunekayo wokutyala kufuneka ube ngowama-8% kwihlabathi elinyanzele okanye elingathathi hlangothi.
3. Uluhlu obuncinci lufanele lube luvumeleke kwaye, ngexesha elifanayo, luhlaza. Kule nto unako ukulima nokukhulula.
4. Umgangatho wamanzi omhlaba kwisayithi akufanele ube ngaphezu kweyure kunye neekhilomitha ukusuka kumhlaba, kuba ukunyamezela okuninzi kunokwenzakala ekuveliseni i-raspberries, kunye nokukhukhula kwamanzi-ikakhulukazi. Ukutywala izityalo kunye neendawo ezisezantsi aziyi kwenza. Ukongezelela, kwiindawo ezinokungahambi kakuhle, izilwanyana zomoya zihamba, zinciphisa iinkqubo zokutshintshwa kwegesi kwaye zikhokelela ekuphuhliseni iifungi kunye neqhwa ebusika.
5. Inendima ebalulekileyo kwisayithi ikhuselwe umoya ophefumulayo, ngokukodwa i-squall ngexesha lokuzaliswa kwamasebe kunye neziqhamo.

Izixhobo zokulima

Endaweni enye, i-raspberry bushes ikwazi ukuvelisa izivuno ezilungileyo malunga neminyaka esibhozo. Oku kulandelwa, njengoko besithi, "ukukhathala komhlaba". Kuboniswa kwinto yokuba izitokisi zezondlo zomisa, ngelixa ipropus iguga. Ukongezelela, i-microflora eyahlukileyo iqokelela kwi-plantation, kunye nama-raspberries ayachithwa.

Inkcazo yesisombululo kule ngxaki iqulethe iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zentengiso:

1. Isityalo sityalwe kwisiqingatha sendawo ecetywayo. Emva kweminyaka emine okanye emihlanu, ukuhamba kuhamba kwisiqingatha sesibini, kunye nomntu wokuqala uguqa.
2. Ngeendawo ezininzi ezaneleyo, isityalo esitsha siphulwe minyaka yonke. Oku kuqinisekisa ukufumaneka kwazo zonke iindidi kunye nokubuyiswa okuqhubekayo.
3. Ukunye okunye okutsalwa kwama-raspberries, imifuno (ngaphandle kwe-solanaceous) kunye "nemipuphu".

I-raspberry engcono kakhulu iya kuziva kwi-plateau yeendawo eziphakamileyo kunye nemithambeka emnene esecaleni lasenyakatho-ntshonalanga okanye ngasentshonalanga.

Ukunyamekela izityalo

Njengoko kuyimfuneko ukutshala i-raspberries kwaye uthenge izithombo zayo, ngokusemthethweni, ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina izinto zokutyala: kungcwatywa okwesikhashana okanye kuthathelwa inyathelo, ukujonga ukuba ingcambu ingasomile ngenxa yokungahambelani komhlaba.

I-rapberry busheshi ayibonakaliswa yinkqantosi ephezulu yeqabunga yamacandelo angentla. Iimpawu zeentlobo ezininzi zonakaliswe sele zingekho kwi-28 ° C. Ngoko ke, eSiberia nase-Urals kufuneka zikhuselwe ebusika. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwii-Urals nakwiiNtshonalanga zaseSiberia, kwanele ukugoba iziqu emhlabathini ngokufafaza ngekhephu. EMpuma Ekude nakwiMpuma yeSiberia, kunokwenzeka ukuwagubungela ngomhlaba (ngomfanekiso wesidiya).

Iiphakamiso ezinomxholo kwi-raspberry bush, njengomthetho, azisizi isivuno esipheleleyo, kodwa zichitha izichamo ezinonophelo ekuveleni nasekuqulunqweni kwemifuno. Ukongeza, bahlala beqhwa. Ngoko ke, kufuneka banqunywe ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba izityalo ziye zashiya kwiindawo zokubanda.

Izindlela zokugcina phakathi kwemigca

Iqondo lokulinywa kwintsimi yinto ephambili ebangela ukukhethwa kwendlela yokunakekelwa komqolo, okufuneka i-raspberries. Inkcazo yeteknoloji yokususwa komswakama okanye ulondolozo lwalo lulandelayo:

1. Kwintsimi yokunyuka okugqithiseleyo, iindawo zokuxubusha zivame ukutsalwa, oko kukuthi, ukutyala phakathi kwemigca yentlobo ekhethekileyo yengca. Isalathisi sawo sandisa ukwanda kwamanzi amaninzi kwaye unikezelo olungcono lombuso wamanzi kwindawo yokubeka umhlaba apho iingcambu zifumaneka khona. Ngoko ke, nangommandla omanzi, imvula, akukho daka kwaye akukho nto ihamba kuyo.
2. Xa kukho ukungabikho kobumswakama okanye ukufudumala okugqithiseleyo, ulwahlulo oluqhelekileyo luhlanganiswe ngotshani. Uluhlu olukhanyayo lwe-mulch ngokuqhelekileyo luneqondo lokushisa iinqanaba eziphantsi ngaphantsi kobushushu bomoya. Ngoko ke, phezu kwayo, emva kokushona kwelanga, umswakama uxhuma kwaye ubuyela emhlabathini. Oko kukuthi, kukho okubizwa ngokuba "okunisela okuthambisa" iibhedi.

Kwakhona, umbala okhanyayo we-mulch ubonisa imibala yelanga, ukukhanyisa kwimigca esuka ngaphantsi, enomphumo onobuncedo kwindlela ama-raspberries akha ngayo - iintlobo zaseSiberia zidinga ukukhanya okongeziweyo.

Ukulungiswa kokuhlaliswa

Xa uthenge isitokisi sokutyala, sekuyisikhathi sokuqala ukuhlaliswa kwesiza. Isityalo sihlulwe sibe yimigca-miqolo, sizama ukuyixhoma kumanqabu (kwimimandla emikhulu) kunye nokuhamba kwemimoya embi. Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukuqhelanisa uchungechunge ukusuka kumntla ukuya kumzantsi, okwenza kube lula ukuba ukhanyise ngokukhawuleza iintlobo ezijikelezayo kwiindawo zonke zomqolo, kwaye oku, ngokufanelekileyo, kuyachaphazela ukuveliswa kwazo.

Ukutshala ama-raspberries eSiberia kunokwenzeka kwindlaphu nangentwasahlobo. Ngeli xesha, unako ukwenza ngaphandle kokunkcenkceshela, oko kukuthi, ukuhluma kwendalo.

Ngokuxhomekeke kumyinge womsebenzi, ukutyala kungenziwa ngesandla, ukuba indawo yokulima ayidluli ihektare enye, okanye izithuthi, ukuba zininzi.

Ukuba i-manualing landing isenziwa, okokuqala izikhonkwane ziqhutyelwa kwimigca kwaye intambo okanye intambo idibene phakathi kwabo. Emva koko, ukutshala izihlahla ezitshatileyo, oko kukuthi, ezimbini emgodini omnye. Phakathi kweemingxuma ubuyela kwisiqingatha semitha kunye nomhlaba ovela emngceleni olandelayo uhlanganiswe neengcambu zeevande ngaphambili.

Iintlobo zezitampu kwingingqi ebanda

Ngokuqhelekileyo, isiqu siyinxalenye yerhafu ebonakalayo emhlabeni ukuya kwisebe lokuqala. I-stab ayikho namasebe aseburhulumenteni kunye namahlumela. Ngokubhekiselele kwizityalo zeberry, igama elithi "stamping" lithetha ukuba isityalo sinomthi onamandla kwaye ayifuni i-garter, i-tapestries okanye inkxaso.

Ukusinda kweerpberry ezixutywe ngeentampu zixakeke, zihlala ziqu, ziphethe ubude beemitha kunye nesiqingatha. Ayinayo i-top-drooping, inkuni enomthi, kwaye kubantu abantu aba yi-raspberry ibizwa ngokuba ngumthi omnyama.

I-raspberries yesitampu eSiberia ibanjelwa iintlobo ezifana neStambovaya-19, iKrepysh, iTarusa nabanye. Zineemithi ezinzima kunye neengqimba, ngelixesha lesibini zinika amagatsha amaninzi avelisa isivuno. Ukuba unqamle amagatsha okufaka endaweni enjalo kwisiqhamo, i-raspberry isiqithi siya kufana nomthi, ongeke uqhube nangona xa ungaphantsi kwesityalo. Ukuba la masebe asele, aya kuguqa, agcwele amajikijolo, kodwa angafiki emhlabathini.

Amahlumela avunwayo, anqunywe, njengemimandla eqhelekileyo.

Ukukhula kwama- raspberry e-raspberry eSiberia

Uphononongo olutshanje lwabalimi bazisa iintengiso ezintsha, ezibizwa ngokuthi i-remontnymi. Kuye kwaqaphela ukuba ukulungiswa yiyona efanelekileyo i-raspberries yaseSiberia. Izityalo ezinjalo zizavelisa iziqhamo ezimbini zonyaka, kodwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukulima umnyaka omnye kwenziwa. Isivuno sale mijelo sidlula ukuveliswa kweentlobo eziqhelekileyo ngamaxesha amane ukuya kweethathu.

Ukongezelela, iintlobo ezihamba phambili ziyakwazi ukuchasana nezifo, ezithuthwayo kwaye ezininzi ezingenamanzi.

Ukulima kwexesha elilodwa linika ukuba emva kokuvuna kunye nokuqala kweqabunga ngasekupheleni kukaOktobha, amahlumela avunyiwe anqunywe okanye ahlonywe kumgangatho womhlaba. Kulo masebe amatsha entwasahlobo akhula, ngoko inkqubo iya kuphinda. Kubalulekile ukuba ungavumeli ukunyuka kwama-plantings.

Iintlobo zokulungisa i-raspberry zaseSiberia zimelelwe ngama-raspberry iintlobo zasehlobo zaseNdiya, iCape Monakh, i- Hercules, iBryansk Divo, i-Inaccessible, i-Chef, iCalashnik kunye nabanye, inenkqantosi encinci.

Ukuhlakulela kwangaphambili amahlumela entwasahlobo emva kokuqhawula umhlaba bawugubungela izinto ezimnyama, kunye nasemva kokubonakala kweentlobo, baqulunqa ama-trellises. Ngokukhawuleza kunokwenzeka ukuba i-raspberry ivuke - leyo yimfihlo yokukhusela le berry eSiberia.

Iimveliso kunye neengxaki zedrafibhi yonyaka owodwa

Imilinganiselo yale nkcubeko ye-raspberry iquka:

• Ukususwa kweempawu ezichumisiweyo kwenza kube lula ukulawula izilwanyana nezifo;
• Awudingi ukukhusela ubusika;
• Ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali kuncitshiswa;
• Ixesha lokusetyenziswa kweerspberries elitsha lalisetyenziswe;
• Imifino ayifuni i-garter kunye nefowuni yefowuni;
• Amajikijolo amaninzi, angagqithisi, avumele ukuhlela ukuvunwa kwezityalo ezinkulu;
• Iintlobo zee-Remontant zinika ambalwa amahlumela okutshintshwayo kunye namahlumela, okwenza kube lula ukulwa nokuqina, kodwa kunzima ukuvelisa i-raspberries.

Ingxaki engundoqo yale mijelo yintengo ephakamileyo yezityalo, ngenxa yenkinga yokuvelisa, ehambelana nenani elincinci lenzala. Oku kubangelwa ukuba iindidi zokulungiswa komnyaka zinika amandla onke ekubunzeni isiqithi kunye nesityalo kulo, ukuze iingcambu kunye neenkqubo zingenalo ixesha lokuphuhlisa.