Voidable and void transaction: umahluko, iziphumo kunye nemizekelo

Yintoni na imicimbi mthethweni, yaye ukongezelela neziphumo zokuqhawula kunye iintengiselwano voidable echazwe kwi-Code Civil.

semthethweni

Lo mthetho unika lunee 2 iintengiselwano ayisebenzi - yinto voidable kwaye intengiselwano ungalanjathiswa. Yintoni semthethweni wo yingisela? Enyanisweni, oku non-isahlakalo sijonga iziphumo ezaziza ufuna iqela okanye omnye amaqela abaye sivumelwano, kodwa koko, uhlaselo intengiselwano zizonke, nto leyo efunwa ngumthetho. Ukuze sibone kwisivumelwano amaqela 'null and void, kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo uhlobo zokuphula, kwenziwa esiphelweni sayo. Voidable kwaye intengiselwano void abahlukene.

transaction voidable

Xa kuthe emva kokugqitywa sivumelwano, kwanokuba sagqitywa kunye nezinye iintshukumo zokwaphulwa kwemithetho, akukho namnye nxaxheba abazange beze kumchazela iinkundla ukuba ukuwabona njengento mthethweni ngayo, le ngokwemvumelwano mabaqeshwe kubulawa nxaxheba. Kulo mzekelo, ibango onjalo akufuneki isicelo kunye nabaphi na abantu abanomdla. ubungayi kuba okuchasene nomthetho Esi intsebenzo yesivumelwano. Oko voidable izivumelwano - ikhontrakthi okanye isivumelwano ngomoya omnye, nangona egqibeleleyo waphula umthetho, kodwa kwiimeko ezithile esizakukhokelela imbonakalo-nxaxheba, nto azenzileyo, isiphumo ngokusemthethweni.

Kulo mzekelo, kuba amaqela awuthintele banelungelo lokhuselo sesigwebo iimfanelo zakhe. Umzekelo imeko apho abantwana abancinane abaphakathi kweminyaka eyi-14 ne-18 benza into enkulu. Ngelo xesha lakhe imvume kubazali akuvumelekanga. Ngokomthetho, kukho kukwaphula umthetho, yaye abazali banelungelo ukufaka ibango enkundleni ibango ukuqaphela isivumelwano waqukumbela ayisebenzi. Noko ke, kusenokwenzeka ukuba uthumele isicelo, ngaloo ndlela, njengoko yavuma kokugqitywa yingisela. Le isimilo kuthetha ukuba intengiselwano voidable - oku itransekshini olungasebenziyo kakhulu.

Iintlobo yentengiselwano voidable

ngabemi Ngoko ke, lo mthetho yabonelela yaye amaqumrhu asemthethweni ukujonga ngokwabo ukuba uyafuna na ukusebenzisa kwabasemagunyeni enkundla ukukhusela iimfanelo zabo, yaye oku akuyomfuneko kwaye amaqela ngokwabo ukusombulula umba. transaction Voidable and void nga zohlulwa ngokwendidi, kuxhomekeka ngezizathu. Uluhlu kula maziko abekwe mimiselo. umthetho civil ubona ukuba intengiselwano voidable - isivumelwano:

• umbutho kwaye iya ngaphaya kwemida amandla ayo;
• phantsi kwempembelelo wenkohliso;
• ngabantu, kulinganiselwe amandla yinkundla;
• intlanganisela yi enkulu imiba isoyikiso, ubuqhetseba, isivumelwano ngabom icala omnye nomnye arhente;
• abantu abo bangakwaziyo ukuqonda ukubaluleka izenzo zabo okanye ukulawula kubo;
• umntu ngaphandle kwemida kwamagunya ayo;
• abantwana abaneminyaka eyi-14 ukuya kweyi-18.

transaction basala

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, kukho ezimbini iintlobo zentengiselwano, koi na imbala. It transaction voidable nengekhoyo. Umahluko phakathi kwabo kukuba yokugqibela ithathwa null ngokupheleleyo kwaye void ukususela ekudalweni ekuqukunjeiweni walo ngoko nangoko. Ngenxa nowokupheliswa sivumelwano kakhulu yephule nemigaqo umthetho wobukhaya. Ukunakanwa yemicimbi ungalanjathiswa iyafuneka xa uzibophelele kwakunye yokusebenza engaphezulu kuwuhlambela ngokuphandle nje amalungelo ngummi ngamnye, kodwa iimfuno yoluntu lonke. iintengiselwano Ezo ezichasene kwinkqubo emisiweyo amaxabiso yoluntu kunye, ngenxa yoko, azina kwenziwa ixhomekeke kwintando amalungu ayo, kokubini intengiselwano ingxabano.

Types of iintengiselwano void

Uluhlu intengiselwano imiselwe ngumthetho. Ezi ziquka transaction:

• ungumkhohlisi;
• ukuba anifanele;
• ephikisanayo siseko ukuze uluntu kunye nokuziphatha;
• ngokwale mthetho okanye ezinye izenzo zomthetho;
• abantu ungaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-14;
• ngengqondo;
• Impumelelo ephula fomu ixelwa mthetho phantsi yokoyika semthethweni.

Ngubani bangafaka ibango

izinto zomthetho, ingakumbi, i-Code Civil, kufunyaniswe ukuba ibango malunga kwentengiselwano olungasebenziyo and void olwaba ziya owaziwa ngolo hlobo, uvumelekile ukuba angenise kuphela umntu kucacisiwe kwisicatshulwa yomthetho. Njengoko kubonakala ngentla apha, njengoko transactions voidable abantu ikakhulu ziquka nxaxheba ngqo zomthetho nezobudlelwane ezivela, okt intengiselwano. Kwakhona, umntu onjalo unokuba zombini umntu ochaphazelekayo, oko kukuthi, amalungelo kunye nomdla wo yingisela ochaphazelekayo. Imizekelo voidable kwaye iintengiselwano void ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, oku kusebenza ikhontrakthi ekungenwe ibe yinkampani enomda kubutyala, owayeze leyo engaphaya umthamo yalo Mbutho. Ukufun iimfanelo null contract and void ukuze mayifayilishwe entendelezweni ngunozala inkampani, yinkampani ngokwayo, nogxa walo, kwakunye nokunqanda kwaye igade arhente karhulumente.

Kwezinye iimeko, lo mthetho kunciphisa ngokukodwa uluhlu lwabantu abaya kukwazi ukucela umngeni intengiselwano ngokunika ilungelo elinjalo kuphela nxaxheba. Ngoko ke, ulawulo 174 of Code Civil ithi ukuba isimangalo ukuze kuphuthise isivumelwano esenziwa ummeli lombutho elingaphaya amagunya akhe, nayo, umda yi namaxwebhu abasemthethweni, vmozhet zingeniswe kwiinkundla kuphela umntu ekubhaliswe ngalo ubabalo izithintelo enjalo phezu amandla. Kule meko, akukho mntu wumbi, kuquka elinye iqela, loo mabango abakwazi ukuthetha. Noko ke, kwezinye iimeko, kumthetho kuluhlu lwabantu kokuba ilungelo lokubhena kwigunya lezobulungisa, sandisiwe amagunya anikwa abantu abangazange inxaxheba deal. Isenokuba abasemagunyeni irhafu, kwaye antitrust, phakathi kwabanye abaninzi.

Zidala zenkqubo isibhakabhaka

Ukunakanwa imicimbi ungalanjathiswa kunokwenzeka ngokusebenzisa ibango olungqamelanayo kwi enkundleni. Qaphela, noba kunjani, ukuba kuya kuba ingabalwa kungakhathaliseki Isigqibo sokuba ngaba senkundla. Noko ke, ukuba umntu ochaphazelekayo uya ukumangalela imfuneko ukwenzela ukuqaphela intengiselwano enjalo mthethweni, ukuba kuya kunyanzeleka ukuba isiqwalasele ngendlela jikelele. Ekwenzeni isenzo wenkundla kuya kufuneka ukuba ubonise isigqibo sayo, ukuba intengiselwano uswele. Iziphumo semthethweni kwaso isicelo ngugunyaziwe sokwahlulela iphulo layo okanye nawuphi na umntu onomdla.

Kuyimfuneko ngakumbi ukuthatha ingqalelo yokuba intengiselwano sikhala engabuzi naziphi na iziphumo ezisemthethweni, ngoko ithathwa mthethweni ukususela kwixesha le yingisela.

Kuxhomekeka zeendawana

transaction Voidable and void kakade kakuhle, loo nto ithathwa ezahlukeneyo. Noko ke, lo mthetho ubonelela ukuba intengiselwano enye phambi iziseko ezithile ukuze kuqondwe njengongabalulekanga kunye voidable. Umzekelo, isivumelwano sokuthenga kunye nokuthengiswa izindlu ngokusekelwe uthengiso kwempahla karhulumente inokuba singabalulekanga, kodwa kusenokwenzeka kunye nokuqondwa kwayo bethenga impikiswano. Kuxhomekeke imihlaba mvumelwano iya kwamkelwa mthethweni.

Civil Standards Code ukuseka umlinganiselo iyonke phakathi imicimbi enjalo. Kwiimeko apho mthetho akasinikanga ngenxa deal, leyo ayingqinelani ngezenzo zomthetho ingqalelo voidable okanye akukho ezinye iziphumo ukuvumela bezityholo, kufuneka isicelo imigaqo intengiselwano null and void. Ngamanye amazwi, le zokuqhawula bentengiselwano - a zokuqhawula, into edibene nayo mthethweni, ukuba umthetho ayinikeli ezinye. Ukuba wosungulo lomthetho zolawulo ukulungiselela ukhetho eyahlukileyo, oko kuya kuqwalaselwa ukuba intengiselwano voidable. Oku lulandelayo kwiSiqendu 168 Code ngasentla.

Ngokungafaniyo iintengiselwano olungasebenziyo kwi non-isiphelo

Olwaba ayisebenzi kwaye intengiselwano bengabalulekanga kufuneka ahluka ukusuka kwi non-isiphelo. Laba nokuqhwalela ngenxa yokungabikho iimeko ngokubanzi ukuba kuyimfuneko oko ukuqinisekisa ukuba intengiselwano senziwa. Umzekelo yayizakuba yindlela enye intengiselwano - yokukhutshwa iitsheki, ezo azicaciswanga iinkcukacha zayo. Oku kutshekisha kuya kuqwalaselwa njengento elilize nengekhoyo, kwaye intengiselwano ingagqitywanga, asigqitywanga. Ngokubhekiselele ku imizekelo ezinjalo kunikwa izivumelwano, njengokwamkela ezingachanekanga okanye ukuswela ukuqonda zamaqela phezu kubalulekile ngokwemiqathango yesivumelwano.

Ukuba kukho isivumelwano isivumelwano okanye unilateral asigqitywanga, oko, oko, akukho sizathu sokusebenzisa neziphumo zoshishino mthethweni. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, lo mthetho icebisa ukusetyenziswa imigangatho efanayo kunye neemfuneko yeTyala kuLuntu, kwakunye ziqu sikweni. Noko ke, apha kukho kwakhona pheleleyo ethile. Ezinye ukunyhashwa kwezinye iimeko kuba unobangela kokungabi, kwezinye iimeko, kunjalo, lubonisa ukuba umcimbi sele sigqityiwe hayi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, komgomo ezinjalo iindidi intengiselwano kunye umyalelo isiphelo sayo.

Ukunyhashwa ukuba ilungelo otyalayo lokucela ukupheliswa izivumelwano, kufuneka ube engu owahlukileyo kwaye intengiselwano esibangwayo. Le theyibhile ibekwe ngaphezu yaye ukwahlula phakathi kwezi ntlobo zimbini ziya kunceda umfundi lokuhlela ulwazi.