Ezingxamisekileyo imvelaphi zemozulu. Ukukhusela uluntu

Ukususela ekuqaleni impucuko, umhlaba busemngciphekweni zejoloji intlekele, zemozulu, umlinganiswa andaweni. Nakuba kunjalo, kaninzi baye zibangela umonakalo omkhulu. Ubukhulu umonakalo ixhomekeke kubungakanani iintlekele, iimeko zobomi zentlalo, inqanaba yayo yophuhliso. Cinga ezingxamisekileyo esiphambili esilandelayo imvelaphi zemozulu.

Ukuhlobana umbuzo

. Kutshanje, zejoloji intlekele, zemozulu, indalo zoxinzelelo lwamanzi kunye eziphilayo. Umzekelo, mlilo luvuliwe ena, inani iinyikima kwi North eCaucasus, Transbaykal Sakhalin kunye Kuriles. Kunye nokwandisa amandla etshabalalisayo iintlekele. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje yaba phantse rhoqo izikhukula, landslides, neenkanyamba, izaqhwithi, iinkanyamba, emigodini ikhephu, kunye nezinye zemozulu olungxamisekileyo nesimilo agrometeorological. Alithandabuzeki elokuba, abantu namhlanje bengenakukwazi njengangaphambili. Ezinye Intlekele ukuchaza omnye ngempumelelo - ukuba ngempumelelo sokubala. Kodwa naziphi na iimpendulo yeenkqubo zendalo zifuna ulwazi olunzulu izizathu ezibonisa abalinganiswa.

regularities

имеют ряд общих черт: ezingxamisekileyo Weather imvelaphi yendalo abe iqela lemisebenzi esemqoka efanayo:

1. uhlobo ngalunye intlekele semvelo reference ethile lwendawo.
2. Uphakamile amandla (ubunzulu) of isenzeko, kokukhona ngokufuthi oko kwenzeka.
3. Wonke simanga landulelwa iimpawu ezithile.
4. Nangona isahlakalo ngequbuliso intlekele singaliqikelela.
5. Phantse njalo kuyenzeka ukuba kukubonelela amanyathelo asebenzayo okanye passive ukukhusela engozini.

Izizathu imizekelo isimilo yemozulu likaxakeka

Iingozi ukuze zilawulwe imiba eyahlukeneyo. Phakathi kakhulu ezixhaphakileyo zezi:

1. Umoya, kuquka inkanyamba, isichotho, yenkanyamba. возникают при скорости воздушных потоков от 25 м/с и больше. ES uhlobo zemozulu kwenzeka xa ukungena komoya Velocity-25 m / s and more.
2. Imvula - kwezulu-50 mm okanye ngaphezulu kwiiyure ezili-12.
3. Large isichotho - yamasuntswana bepali kwi-20 mm.
4. nekhephu - kwemvula ka-20 mm iiyure ezili-12.
5. isaqhwithi sothuli.
6. Blizzard elinamandla isantya somoya-15 m / s nangaphezulu.
7. Qhwa - lobushushu lihla phezu komphezulu womhlaba ngexesha lonyaka ikhula ngezantsi 0 amaqo.
8. Bubushushu obukhulu.

Squally umoya, imvula, iqabaka kwaye inokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwiziseko ezingundoqo, ezisongela ubomi babantu. могут вызывать катастрофические последствия, когда: ezingxamisekileyo Weather ubuntu yendalo kunokubangela neziphumo ezibi, xa:

1. Kwenzeka kummandla (oblast, krai, kwiRiphabliki, kwisithili).
2. Sigubungele iinkalo eziliqela.
3. Ithatha iiyure ezi-6.

movement air

Gqaba-gqaba-langa non-uniform kunye lobushushu, kunye nokwakheka. Umahluko ubushushu inika umoya jikelele kwegazi. Yena, ke, unefuthe iimeko zemozulu kakhulu kwiplanethi yethu. Ukuhanjiswa umoya kuthiwa umoya. amandla alo lulinganiselwa ngokutsho Beaufort isikali kwi amanqaku (0 ukuya kwi-12). movement Air ibangwa bubukho highs kunye iinkanyamba. Umoya usoloko wawusalathiswa kummandla xi phezulu ukuya ezantsi. Ubukhulu bepali yinkanyamba singaba leekhilomitha amawaka aliqela. Kumntla ikhweyitha kwicala umoya nxamnye, yaye uMzantsi - niye kwicala langasekunene.

iinkanyamba

They are ukuzila. Oku uyakwazi ukufikelela amanqaku 12. Kule Pacific Ocean kukho nezitshi - neenkanyamba. . Bona ingqalelo koyena likaxakeka zemozulu. Iinkanyamba anokuba ubukhulu eyahlukileyo. Njengoko umthetho, ububanzi bommandla wentshabalalo ifunyanwa. Kudla idityaniswa indawo encinane gales amandla. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ububanzi kwenkanyamba ukuze bafikelele omnye lamawaka. Km. Le band of umonakalo Inkanyamba, njengokuba umthetho, yi 15-45 km. Ubude Njengezaqhwithi-avareji leentsuku 9-12. intshabalalo kombane okubangelwa kukho amandla omkhulu kwi yalapho. imali yayo abelwe iyure-1 ifaniswa amandla ibhombu yenyukliya 36 gigatons. . Amaninzi kunye iinkanyamba kunye nezinye iimeko zongxamiseko kuvela imvelaphi zemozulu. Ngokukodwa, ezi nesenzeko zikhatshwa iimvula ezinkulu ezidala landslides kunye mudflows.

Buri

Baya ngqo eddy. ZifunwaEzokugqibela zidweliselwe zimelwe ngohlobo kwezakhiwo sinzima, isiganeko linxulunyaniswa umsebenzi cyclonic. Baya kuthunyelwa kwi indawo enkulu. storm Umsinga - meko yasekuhlaleni. Zingasebenza indawo encinci. Ustrimisho storm kabukhali ngokwahlukana, omtsha ngokucacileyo kunye ophantsi. Iiplastiki struevoy kunye idreyini. Kwimeko yokugqibela, umoya enambuzelayo ezantsi. Xa izaqhwithi struevoy yhuu ukuhamba tse phezulu. Njengomgaqo, baya kudlula phakathi kwiintaba adibanayo le ntlambo. такж е пыльные бури. Ngu uhlobo intlekele zemozulu na w ng njengoko izaqhwithi nothuli. ababangela ukuba umoya, ntli ukungcola eziyingozi zibangela umonakalo omkhulu nezixhobo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iimeko ezinjalo kwenzeka enkqantosini, kuba iimeko zemozulu ezingazinzanga, xa kwindawo elwa esesibhakabhakeni. izaqhwithi Squally ngokuqhelekileyo kuqalisa ngequbuliso. Noko ke, zahluke yobume ixesha elifutshane (imizuzu embalwa).

tornado

Ngokuqhelekileyo, oko kwenzeka kwindawo efudumeleyo nkanyamba kwaye ihamba nayo ngesantya ka 10-20 m / s. Inkanyamba Ubude ingaba ukusuka km-1 ukuya kuma-60. Inxalenye yawo eliphezulu abunjwe ulwandiso ifanele-sazobe zidibana ngamafu. Kwezinye iimeko, ukwandisa inxalenye ephantsi. Oku kwenzeka xa Senga uvikivwa emhlabeni. ukuphakama kwayo kube 800-1500 m. Le umoya ovuthuzayo iyajikeleza kwaye ngaxeshanye ihamba i kweleli ngokuqinisa lwamanzi kunye nothuli. Izinga obhobhozayo enjalo ingaba 330 m / s. Ngaphakathi umsinga, uxinzelelo iyehla. Ngenxa yoko ke amafu zomphunga iqala. Isaqhwithi libonakala ngenxa yamanzi kunye eluthulini. Ngaphezu ulwandle ubukhulu bayo ungaba kuze emashumini phezu komhlaba - ezilikhulu ubude. Kunye inkanyamba badla kuvela iindudumo, nesichotho, imvula. Ukuba kwemali ukufikelela emhlabeni, njalo watshabalalisa kulo. Isaqhwithi isiginci zonke izinto avela endleleni, uchola kwaye kubathwala imigama emide. прогнозировать очень сложно. Loo B Kunzima kakhulu ukuqikelela nendalo zemozulu.

imvula

Lo kwezulu kakhulu. iishawa iyingozi kakhulu ogama uqina 0.15-0.20 mm / minute. Bathi umonakalo izityalo, ebangela kuyo. iimvula Imihla iyoluka kudale izikhukhula. Ukongeza, ukuba kubangela iinkqubo kwithambeka eziyingozi (yokunyibilika, kuwa, wahlala).

snow

It ikhono izithuthi, ukunciphisa kakhulu ukubonakala. iiyure ezingaphezu 12 Kungawa ku-20 mm kunye nangaphezulu. ikhephu Heavy ethubeleza kusingcangcazelise ngokupheleleyo intshukumo zothutho, enze umonakalo iintambo zombane, izakhiwo (ngenxa umaleko nehigh). Kulo mzekelo, blizzards rhoqo - ihamba ikhephu umoya. I asezantsi namandla, ngoko ke ixesha elide.

kuneqabaka

Xa ixesha lonyaka lokukhula ukuhla okubonakalayo lobushushu ikhokelela kutshatyalaliswe izityalo. Kwimimandla esemantla yovalo - into rhoqo. Kakhulu kubushushu obuphantsi ukunciphisa uphawu kummandla ena Chukotka Yakutia Magadan. Ubukhulu monakalo uya akuxhomekekanga kangaka kwinqanaba zokutenxa ukusuka eziqhelekileyo parameters t, kodwa kulwamkelo yabantu balapha kunye nezintsonkothileyo kuqoqosho iziganeko ezinjalo.

ubushushu

Ehlotyeni ntonje ukunyuka kakhulu kule lobushushu. Ubushushu isenokuba iiveki enye okanye ngaphezulu. Bhengeza imo yonxunguphalo xa inqanaba lobushushu degrees 35. Ubushushu kwandisa umngcipheko umlilo, shallowing kwemilambo, izityalo umonakalo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, oko kukhokelela ukungasebenzi le moto. bubushushu kubangela ukoma. Kwi indawo enkulu ixesha elide kukho ubushushu kakhulu xa idityaniswe nayo ukunqongophala kwezulu. Ukuba le meko iyaqhubeka ubuncinane inyanga, nokuphazamiseka balance amanzi kwisityalo, kubangele umonakalo kwintshabalalo.

Imithetho yokuziphatha likaxakeka imvelaphi zemozulu

Kukho iingcebiso ezahlukeneyo baziphathe njani xa kwenzeka intlekele. , поскольку от этого может зависеть не только его жизнь, но и близких. Nawuphi na umntu kufuneka azi ukuba benze ntoni zonxunguphalo imvelaphi zemozulu, njengoko ixhomekeke ubomi bakhe nje kuphela, kodwa zibe zisondelelene. iingcebiso Basic usesesikolweni. Ngexesha izifundo utitshala ubalisa ngezinto ezingxamisekileyo ngokhuseleko yobomi nendlela ukuba ziziphathe njani na xa zithe zenzeka.

Iziganeko xa kukho isiphango

Umbane uthwele ingozi xa kufanele oqhumayo esineendudumo ukuqhambuka. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kukho imfuno engxamisekileyo ukuthatha amanyathelo. Xa ke le ndlu kufuneka uvale neefestile, iiglasi zazo, iingcango, umoya Ekungeneni. Musa ukusebenzisa isitovu, kuba iigesi eziya kuphuma ityhubhu, esibonakala ukuxhathisa eliphantsi. Xa kusehla umbane ayikwazi ingathunyelwa iintambo, emijelweni, umbane ngentonga. Ayikhuthazwa tu into yokuba ube kufuphi i window. Uyacetyiswa ukuba ukucima izixhobo zombane. Xa emahlathini ngexesha uqhwithela kufuneka ukhethe sebali undersized. Kuyingozi kuzimela umthi omde. Kunye ezisezintabeni uye ngcono phantsi esesihlanjeni. Xa ukufumana indawo evulekileyo (entsimini, emathafeni) akufanele kulala phantsi emhlabeni. Ukuze ukhethe yobunzulu uhlale phantsi, yokukhwabusha iinyawo nezandla.

Eligqala inkanyamba, inkanyamba, isichotho

Xa kwisakhiwo kufuneka masingasuki window kwaye uthathe indawo ekhuselekileyo ezindongeni kwipaseji, nekhabhathi eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi, idesika, njalo njalo Kufuneka kuqala uvule. Off izibane, vala izivingco kwi isixhobo serhasi ukucima umlilo eziko. Ebumnyameni, sebenzisa izibane, amakhandlela, zibani. Ukuba inkanyamba ubanjwe esitratweni, umele uzame ukuhlala kude ukukhanya izakhiwo, iibhulorho, iintambo zombane, iibhulorho, amachibi, imilambo, iinqaba, imithi, izibonelelo mveliso. Ukuze uzikhusele doti eziphaphazelayo, ungasebenzisa amaphepha ngamaplanga, iibhokisi, iibhodi kunye nezinye izinto ezandleni. Kuyimfuneko njengoko kunokwenzeka ukuba kuzimela kwigumbi elingaphantsi ngokukhawuleza, izindlu angaboni, izisele, njalo njalo. Musani ukuya izakhiwo ezonakeleyo ngenxa umngcipheko ophezulu yokuwa. Xa sandstorm kuyimfuneko ukuvala ubuso ibotshwe ngezithandelo, ilaphu, eqhiyeni. Xa kwindawo evulekileyo kufuneka ibe ukufumana emhadini indlela, nomgongxo, umsele, nayiphi na enye lokungahlangani, ulale phantsi kulo, ebambelele ngokuqinileyo emhlabeni. INtloko kufuneka uvale iimpahla okanye amasebe. Imoto kule meko ukuba yingozi.

Iziganeko ngexesha bhuqe

Phuma ongakwazi kuphela kwiimeko ezizodwa. Hambisa i imoto kuphela imigwaqo emikhulu. Xa uphuma isithuthi kufuneka zisuswe kulo ngaphaya komgca emehlweni. Ministry of Iimeko Emergency ilumkisa ngelithi ngelixa inani izinto iba ubusela ngokugqithiseleyo kunye nolunye ulwaphulo-mthetho. Kule nkalo, kuyimfuneko ukuba balumke xa usebenza nabantu abangabazi.

isiphelo

Ukuqwalasela intlekele yendalo, kuyimfuneko ukuba kuqatshelwe ukubaluleka kwempembelelo labantu kwazo. umsebenzi Human rhoqo ephazamisana lizama kwi-ikhosistim. Oku, ebangela ukwanda ngobunzulu namatyeli ziintlekele. Imiphumo le ntlekele unokujongana nawuphi na ummandla womhlaba. Phakathi kaxakeka kukho kusoloko kukho unxulumano. Ngokungafihlisiyo athe wabonakala ziinyikima neetsunami. Kuba ziinkanyamba ziphantse soloko ilandelwa yi nezikhukhula. Xa iinyikima zenzeka rhoqo imililo, ukusilela idama, njalo-njalo. Xa becwangcisa amanyathelo ayimfuneko ukunciphisa ubungakanani neziphumo umjikelo wesibini. Ngoqeqesho olufanelekileyo zingakotshwa ngaphandle kwaphela. Kuba nokuthintela ngempumelelo kunye lomqhubi kwiimeko zongxamiseko kuyimfuneko ukufunda ngoonobangela kunye neendlela. Ukuqikelela ukwenzeka efumaneka ngayo, esazi indalo emzimbeni. Ukhuseleko ngokuchasene ziintlekele zendalo zemozulu, ubume bamatye, zoxinzelelo lwamanzi kunye namanye amanyathelo ukuze esebenzayo. Kulo mzekelo, wazithwala phandle ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zobunjineli kunye nezakhiwo, ukuhlanganiswa resource, ukwakha izinto, njalo njalo. Protection kunokuba kwisixando sokwenziwa. Kulo mzekelo, abantu basebenzisa zokufihla intloko. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iindlela eyimpumelelo esebenzayo nokhuseleko zidityanisiwe.