Angaboni yokuhlala. ukhuseleko ngamnye kunye kwimeko kwiingozi kwemitha

esweni Imitha olwenziwa izityalo mveliso kunye nezityalo namandla enyukliya musa ukuvala amathuba ukwenzeka kwentlekele. Ngoko ke, wonke umntu kufuneka akwazi ukukhusela njani ubomi babo kunye nempilo kule meko. Kweli nqaku, senza eqokelelweyo inkcazelo esisiseko ngalo mbandela.

Yintoni ERP

angaboni yokuhlala (olufinyeziweyo - - MDP) Kwimeko apho kukho indawo ekhethekileyo kusetyenziswa intlekele radiation. Baya bakhonza ukukhusela uluntu kumaza ionizing, leyo kuvandlakanywa ngexesha ukusulelwa kwindawo yemisebe. Ngapha koko, ukuba zisetyenziswa ukuze izikhusele ionizing radiation (kubandakanywa neutron ukubhobhoza), ukukhutshwa ukukhanya yokothuka yomtshangatshangiso (ngokuyinxenye) ukunxibelelana iimpahla kunye nemvaba ezele yityhefu ebantwini, izinto radioactive, kunye arhente eziphilayo (bacteria).

Ngamaxesha athile khangela fra inika MoE. EMoscow, umzekelo, amawaka zokufihla intloko, abanye babo ancame imibutho zorhwebo. Ukwenzela ukulawula kwi kwishishini kwinqanaba, izithili kunye nemimandla apho afumaneka khona, ukudala umsebenzi okhethekileyo. Ziquka abameli abasemagunyeni ezahlukeneyo ukunyanzelisa, ICE kunye FEMA. EMoscow - elikomkhulu kwilizwe lethu, ngoko imeko ERP kwagqirha rhoqo. Kufuneka kuthathwe ukuba ukuphazamisa ukuvuza kuzo.

Materials kunye nezakhiwo MDP

Angaboni izindlu badla ziyabanjwa kwi angaphantsi kwezakhiwo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ngamanye amaxesha oko kwakhiwa wabeka indawo ezimeleyo. Ukulungiselela le njongo, izinto zokwakha mveliso ezifana ngezitena, izinto eziphathekayo olwalusele, qikeka, ngokunjalo izinto zasekuhlaleni (amatye, imithi, njalo njalo). Ebubanzini bodonga kule meko kufuneka kwanele ukuze akhuseleke. Into yokuba ziyatyeba, ethembeke ngakumbi iya kuba yokuzimela. Kwiindawo ukubonakalsa, ukuba akukho ezinye izinto zokwakha, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukwakha Pru of fascines, abenziwe ngeengcongolo, amagqabi, iindiza, nekalamo, ujongilanga, iziqu ingqolowa.

Yonke indawo ingontsi efanelekileyo ukulungiselela injongo wokhuseleko, kufuneka lungqanyaniswe yokuhlala yesi simo. Oku zewayini, angaphantsi, nemiqolomba, usebenza phantsi komhlaba, imifuno ivenkile. izakhiwo Fit kunye umphezulu, neendonga apho ezenziwe ngezinto abano iipropati zokuzikhusela. Area kule imeko inokuba nomahluko.

pressurization

Ukuze kuphuculwe indlela yokusebenzisa iimpawu ibakhusela Ekungeneni window etywiniweyo, kwakunye kweminyango ezongezelelweyo. On ziyangenana wathulula umaleko womhlaba. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukusuka ngaphandle lithe tso ngaphezu phezu kweendonga wenze podsypku ukungcola.

Ukutywina kuzuzwa ukutywina ngononophelo mingxuma, neentanda kunye nemingxuma eluphahleni iindonga, aguguthe emnyango window imingxunyana, amanzi igalelo kunye nemibhobho ubushushu. Kwakhona inika iingcango efanelekileyo ekufuneka upholster waziva, ke ivaranda ukutywina umqulu babezizwa okanye enye kwizihlunu ezithambileyo ashinyeneyo.

umoya

Ukuba indawo encinane gumbi, yokwaneka izinto ezinjalo zokuhlala ilungiselelwe ukuba kufakwe abantu hayi ngaphezulu kwe-30, kwenzeka ngokwemvelo ngokusebenzisa zeemoto kunye nonikezelo imigudu moya. Owokuqala ukudala ibambelele ukwenza malunga 1.5-2 m ngaphezu yesibini. Ukongeza, ezi visors kokuyilwayo phezu komoya imibhobho (terminal zabo zangaphezulu). Lokungena ukwenza osisidambisi tight-kufanelekile ivaliwe xa isisongelo okubangelwa eqhumayo.

isixhobo lwangaphakathi

Ukuba isithuba ukuba avumelane ukuba yokuhlala abakwazi kunye amdaka amanzi aphilileyo, niyibeke netanki lamanzi. Kufuneka ube malunga 3-4 iilitha umntu ngamnye ngosuku. zakhiwe kakuhle izindlu zangasese okanye ukuphakheja lwangaphandle. Ezi ntsimbi zilapha phezulu endlwaneni, izitulo okanye izifuba ilungiselelwe ukutya. Igumbi esikhanyayo kunye izibane yombane ephathekayo okanye ukusuka unikezelo amandla angaphandle.

ukhuseleko factor

iipropati zokuhlala zothintelo antiradiation zahlukile. Kuba uvandlakanyo usebenzisa sisalathisi ezifana njengomba yokhuseleko. Yena ethetha zingaphi izihlandlo le ikhusi kunciphisa idosi radiation. Lo mba iphenjelelwa yimiba ezininzi. Wall ubukhulu, izinto ukusuka apho kwenziwe, sealability njl ingafakelwa ephakathi kwezakhiwo okanye angaphantsi ukuba amashumi ezininzi okanye amakhulu amaxesha ukwandisa iipropati zabo zokuzikhusela. Ngokomzekelo, xa angaphantsi izindlu zixhotyiswe eyenziwe ngomthi, ukhuseleko into egqitha-100, ngoxa ilitye - 1000. Malunga amaxesha 7-12 ukuphuphumala efihlakeleyo radiation unequipped kwaye axhotyiswe ukunciphisa exposure yayo amaxesha 350-400. Ngenxa yoko, ukufihla uhlobo elula yokuba sinamazinga ukhuseleko factor, inokuthenjwa - ngaphezulu.

Indlela ukuziphatha kwimikhukhu

Kukho imithetho ethile yokuziphatha ngomzi entsimini. Angaboni izindlu azalise fast zilungelelaniswe. Kwindawo yokuqala kwelikhaya Sexy abantwana, abantu abadala kunye nabasetyhini kunye nabantwana. Bona zibekwe kwiindawo ezimiselwe ngokukodwa kubo. Umntu ikhusi, ukuthatha unikezelo ukutya kweentsuku ezimbini (azisongela zeplastiki). Ufanele abe amaxwebhu akwi kwindlu yangasese, izixhobo siqu (apho siza kuxubusha kamva) kunye ubuncinane izinto zobuqu.

Strong-ukunuka kunye ezinokutsha akuvumelekanga ukuba ungenise ERP. Kwakhona, musa kungakhokelela isilwanyana, ukuthatha izinto ezinkulu. I-masango kuhamba ngokungeyomfuneko. Akukho mfuneko ukuba zikhanyise izibane, amakhandlela, ikhaya ezenziwe izibane zeparafini ngaphandle kwemvume. Abantu aba bazimele, kufuneka athobele yonke imiyalelo kunye neemfuno ze-ngqwayi.

Umqukumbelo yokuhlala yenziwe, okanye njengoko kuyimfuneko, okanye "Ziba" emva beep. Ukuba iziphumo eziphambili nihluthiyo, kuliwa ngokusebenzisa uphumo olungxamisekileyo. Kwimeko kungekho yokugqibela kuyimfuneko ukuba athathe amanyathelo kuba msulwa ukuvaleka neengcango lokuvula imikhosi abantu abahlala emthunzini.

Indlela yokukhusela wena kwimitha?

Yonke imithombo radiation athwale emngciphekweni omkhulu. Ngaphandle koku, kukho iindlela zokukhusela nxamnye sesichengeni. Ukuqeshwa zokufihla angaboni kukunciphisa ezingakhiyo ifuthe radiation. Noko ke, loo nto ayikwazi ukubeka ecaleni ngokupheleleyo iingxaki. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba zikhona ezinye iindlela ukuze uzikhusele kuyo. Zingakotshwa zohlulwa ngokwendidi 3: umgama, ixesha, kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela zobuqu. Ukuzihlola ngokufutshane ngamnye kubo.

ixesha protection

Undoqo yale ndlela khuselo ukunciphisa ixesha lokuhlala yomntu kufutshane kumthombo kwimitha. Nobungozi kwimpilo yethu omkhulu, okukhona siya awukho kude umthombo radiation. kusetyenziswa le ndlela wokhuseleko, ingakumbi, kuba lokuphelisa ingozi eChernobyl. Liquidators wanikwa imizuzu nje embalwa ukuze bagqibezele umsebenzi wabo baze bazibuyisele kwindawo ekhuselekileyo. Kuyinto kakhulu iziphumo lilishwa ngenxa sexesha apho banokuba kummandla ochaphazelekayo. exposure Ukwanda, ebangela ukugula kwemitha zinokwenzeka.

umgama protection

Xa into eshiyekileyo ifunyanwa ngawo, nto leyo ngumthombo radiation, yingozi empilweni yoluntu nobomi, kuyimfuneko ukuba kude kube kumgama apho kwimitha kunye radiation yangasemva ayidluli imida yokwakha. Ukongeza, umthombo radiation zingasetyenziswa ngaphandle lokungcwaba okanye uzibeke kwindawo ekhuselekileyo.

izixhobo protection Personal

Maxa wambi kuyimfuneko ukwenza nawuphi na umsebenzi kwiindawo abanolwazi radiation eliphezulu. Umzekelo, oku ukuthintelwa xa ingozi kwi isityalo samandla senyukliya okanye umsebenzi ezahlukeneyo zamashishini mveliso, apho imithombo radiation. Kwiindawo ezinjalo kufuneka kwenziwe esweni radiation rhoqo. Akunakubakho ngaphandle ukhuselo. Kuyingozi impilo kunye nobomi babantu. Kuba Kwiimeko ezinjalo, indlela ukhuseleko kwimitha ngamnye ziye zadalwa. It ohluza ngaphandle izinto, uyalibazisa ezithile udidi lwemitha. Ukongeza, kuba PPE ziquka coveralls.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi radiation ngokuxhomekeke isigxina kunye nohlobo amasuntswana kwemitha. Ngoko ke, indlela yokhuseleko ezenziwe ngezinto ezahlukeneyo ukuze ukumelana iintlobo ezithile kwemitha.

Ukuze bazikhusele alpha radiation, uyakwazi ukubeka phezu zezandla zerabha, baphefumla okanye ukusetyenziswa obuqhelekileyo "umqobo" yephepha. Ukuba nakolu beta-radiation, nesisitheliso Kuya kufuneka ukuba ube noxwebhu ubhityileyo-aluminiyam, iglasi okanye plexiglass. baphefumla cala awukwazi ukukhusela inkqubo yokuphefumla yabantu kolu hlobo radiation. Kulo mzekelo, uya kufuneka imaski igesi.

Imisebe gamma ukuzikhusela ngokwabo enzima. Iyunifomu ukuba ukhuselo kulo hlobo radiation, kufuneka wenziwe ngentsimbi, intsimbi waphosa, nelothe, Tungsten, okanye ezinye iintsimbi ukuba enobunzima enkulu. Ekuphunyezweni umsebenzi iChernobyl amandla enyukliya ukusebenzisa iimpahla ezenziwe lead.

iintlobo ezahlukeneyo izithintelo polyethylene, iipholima kunye namanzi kunokukukhusela umonakalo obangelwe sesichengeni amasuntswana neutron.

kwezithako Food kunye neemveliso

ngokutya okunesondlo adla ngokusetyenziswa ukukhusela nxamnye kwimitha kunye izikrini ovaroli. Kufuneka athathwe ngomlomo mhlawumbi ngaphambi kokuba ummandla yemisebe, okanye emva. Kwiimeko ezininzi, zinceda ukunciphisa ifuthe elibi atom emzimbeni womntu.

Okunye ukudla kwakhona kunceda ekunciphiseni iziphumo eziyingozi radiation. Phakathi kwabo kufuneka kuqatshelwe ingqolowa, isonka esimhlophe, walnuts kunye radish. Xa ubukhulu encinane oku kutya kunciphisa iimpembelelo radiation phezu kwabantu ngenxa yobukho selenium, nto leyo ethintela ukuyilwa yamathumba ezibangelwa, kuquka ukuba sesichengeni sosasazeko lwemitha. Kumlo kunye naye mhle kakhulu, kunye nezongezo ezenziwe ngokusekelwe lisiza (chlorella, kelp). Msuseni umzimba kweenyuklayidi radioactive ukungena kuwo, nokuba igalikhi ngokomkhethe okwaziyo kunye itswele.

"Ginseng" - an amayeza olusebenzayo herbal kumaza. Wathengisa ngayo kuzo zonke ekhemesti. Kufuneka kusetyenziswa imali 40-50 ashiye kabini phambi kokuba adle. Ukongeza, ukunciphisa lwee- atom emzimbeni womntu inceda kunencindi Eleutherococcus. Kuyafuneka ukuba kusetyenziswa imali 0.25-0.5 itispuni yimini iti kusasa nangexesha sasemini. Kuba ukhuseleko kwimitha zezi lungwort luncedo, uMtyholi kunye Leuzea, nto leyo nayo ethengiswa ekhemesti.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba akukho chiza ayikho nako ukubeka ecaleni ngokupheleleyo lineziphumo eziyingozi radiation. Eyona ndlela ibhetele yokuzikhusela nxamnye nayo - musa ukudibanisa izinto zingcoliswe, kwaye ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuba ushiye indawo, ukuba yemisebe ukwanda. Yabagula ngengqondo kunye angaboni zokufihla kunokunceda ukunciphisa kakhulu impembelelo embi radiation, ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba ushiye indawo eyingozi.