Ento e IsiNgesi

Iintetha - ingongoma ebalulekileyo kakhulu ekufundeni ulwimi lwasemzini, yaye ukuba ugqiba ukufunda ngokugqibeleleyo ulwimi, awuthabatha nzulu kunye nemfanelo esi sifundo. Kweli nqaku siza kuqwalasela, igrafu, yaye malunga noko a gerund ngolwimi IsiNgesi.

Ngoko wabiza gerund non-yobuqu uhlobo yesenzi ngolwimi IsiNgesi, oluthi luqokelelane ngokujoyina ekupheleni Singa- senzo. Umzekelo: isenzi - ukufunda, gerund - ukufunda. Kule iikhonsepthi ulwimi Russian gerund olufanayo na. ILizwi ukufunda kumzekelo ngasentla iguqulelwe njengokufunda. Ngoko ke, nangona yokuba gerund ngolwimi IsiNgesi luhlobo yesenzi, kokukhona iye linophawu yesibizo. Xa sincokola ngayo umsebenzi wayo kwisivakalisi, kuba kusenokuba phantsi, yaye abe ngumphelelisi (ngqo okanye Izithetha ntonye) kunye Isimaphambili. Gerund kufuneka lwandulelwe yi izimelabizo izalathandawo.

Ukuba kukho sisibizo elinentsingiselo efanayo njengoko gerund ezisetyenziswa nguwe, kungcono ukuba usebenzise sisibizo (umzekelo: ukufika kwakhe - hayi yakufika yakhe, ekufikeni kwakhe).

Ento e IsiNgesi zingasetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo. Kunokuba sibe kwixesha langoku (I ukuthandi zokudubula - Andiyithandi ukudubula); kwimilo egqibeleleyo (Siye amacala okuzibandakanya makabe ukuba enze ulwaphulo-mthetho - sibona batyholwa yokuba ukuba wamnika ukuba enze ulwaphulo-mthetho); ekwimo wesixando (T hey zombini musa lavi ku sathetha ngayo - bobabini abathandi ukuthetha nabo); kwakunye elandula (USafira ukuba uzothini, wayishiya indlu - engayazi into abengayithethayo, wemka ekhaya).

Qwalasela le mizekelo basebenzisa gerund njengesifundo, nesivisa kunye nezongezelelo:

Flying yenza egula.

Ngexesha esemoyeni ngayo abagulayo. (Subject)

Yena akavumi babhem apha.

Akuyi kuvunyelwa ukuba utshaye apha. (Ngaphandle ngqo)

Akakholwa ekuthengeni utshwala -mali.

Akaphindi acinge ukuba kuthengwe yotywala - a inzuzo. (Kugcwalisa Izithetha ntonye)

umsebenzi ndiyithandayo ukuhamba.

umsebenzi endizithandayo - sihamba. (Isimaphambili)

Ekubeni ulwimi IsiNgesi senzi gerund kukuthi, ngokuyimfuneko lineqela lesenzi izibaluli. Njengoko le nxalenye ye intetho, lo gerund kuthatha emva ons: Ndiyazithanda iincwadi zokufunda - Ndiyakuthanda ukufunda iincwadi (iincwadi - ukongeza gerund).

Nceda uqaphele ukuba xa ukusetyenziswa gerund kunye nqaku, oko akuthethi ukuba kukho into ethe ngqo, kunye neencwadi similise ukufunda iincwadi zokufunda.

Amaxesha amaninzi, a gerund wasebenzisa esoqobo kunye inani lamagama attributive (ezifana nale, ngamnye, ezinye, njalo-njalo), abonisa isenzo ozinikeleyo. Umzekelo: Ingaba ukutshaya kwam loo nto? - Wena akuyi yinto yokuba ndiyatshaya;? Akukho ithemba lokufumana kakuhle yakhe - Akukho themba lokuba uza kuphila.

Xa sincokola ngayo ingqiqo njengoko enjalo IsiNgesi uthethe ulwimi, lo gerund kule meko ezisetyenziswa rhoqo, kwaye endaweni esoqobo okanye amagama kwisivakalisi kuvela izibizo attributive, okanye waluthotho izimelabizo zobuqu. Umzekelo: Wacela ekufundeni kwam le ncwadi .

Kwakhona, kwezimelabizo kunye nezibizo isuntswana ngakumbi olufanelekileyo kwiimeko apho isibizo eveza into engaphiliyo, okanye xa gerund ixabisa ekwimo kwisixando sokwenziwa. Umzekelo: U Ndothuka gqitha uMnu Black kokuba kokubanjwa - yena ndabanda xa uMnu Black wabanjwa; Kwakungekho ithemba siyeke imvula Kuba enye iyure - Kukho ithemba lokuba imvula iza kuyeka kwiyure elandelayo.

rhoqo ukusetyenziswa gerund kunye nezenzi imbono kunye izibizo nezimelabizo zobuqu. Umzekelo: Wabona kum siphelelwa ukuba iklasi - Wabona wabaleka njani na eklasini.

Ngoko ke, lo gerund ngolwimi IsiNgesi kuqhelekile kakhulu, ingakumbi phakathi izithethi zomthonyama. Kungenxa yoko le nto abafundi kunye nabantu abaqhelekileyo abafunda IsiNgesi, kwaye ufuna sikuzalise yawo, kufuneka ukwazi imigaqo esisiseko ukusetyenziswa kwale fom ngomlomo. Okokuqala, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo umahluko ukusetyenziswa ento kunye infinitives (kwisivakalisi le nethi kunye gerund wambi la engenamsebenzi mnye, ngokunjalo kube nzima kakhulu ukuba isigqibo phi yaye yintoni uhlobo yesenzi ukusebenzisa lula ngakumbi kwaye kwamkelekile), ukuze uqonde iintlobo gerund, kwaye ukuqonda apho kufanelekileyo noko ayikho. Eli nqaku nje ukuziqhelanisa kuwe iinkcukacha ezingundoqo, nto leyo eye ubuqili ezininzi intersnyh kunye bokuqonda. Impumelelo ekufundeni IsiNgesi!