Izixhobo zamanzi zaseRashiya

Amanqaku okuthelekiswa kwinqanaba lehlabathi lethu nakwihlabathi lonke libonisa ukuba sinemvula nekhephu ngaphantsi kwexesha kwaye ubunzima babo buncinci kuninzi kwimimandla yehlabathi. Nangona kunjalo, nangona kunjalo, izibonelelo zamanzi zaseRashiya ngokwemali yazo zikwindawo yeyokuqala ehlabathini. Oku kubangelwe, okokuqala, ukuba ilizwe lethu lihlala kwintsimi eninzi, indawo leyo engekho ngaphantsi kweeshumi elinesihlanu kwipesenti zomhlaba wonke emhlabeni. Izibonelelo zamanzi zaseRashiya, okokuqala, imilambo emininzi iwela ummandla welizwe, kunye namanzi angaphantsi komhlaba, amanxweme amaninzi amaninzi kunye namaqhwa.

Ukusasazwa kwemvula ngeendawo ze-climo

Ilizwe lethu liquka indawo ezininzi zeemozulu, apho inani lemvula eliwela ngonyaka lingahluke kakhulu. Iindawo ezinobuncwane obuninzi kakhulu zifumaneka ngasenyakatho. Kulapho, izinga leempompo lifikelela kuma-700 mm ngonyaka, eligqithise kakhulu umthamo wemvelo wokukhuphuka komswakama ovela phezulu. Uninzi lwezi ndawo zifuna iinkqubo zokuhambisa amanzi. Iindawo ezinomthunzi owaneleyo zilinganayo phakathi kwenani lokuchithwa nokuphuma kwamanzi. Lo malunga nama-500-600 mm kulo nyaka. Ezi ndawo zihlala zihlala ngamahlathi kunye nama-steppes.

Iindawo ezinomswakama ongaqinisekanga, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zifumana imvula encinane kakhulu ukuhlawulela umgangatho ophezulu wokukhuphuka kwamanzi kumhlaba. Eyona nto imimandla esemzantsi yelizwe. Iqondo lezantyalongo apha lisuka kwi-300 ukuya kuma-500 mm ngonyaka. Ngelo xesha, iindawo zokuhlala ngokuzinzileyo kwilizwe lethu zizinzileyo kwaye zilunge ngakumbi kunabanye. Ngelishwa, ininzi yemimandla efanelekayo kwezolimo ikhona kwiindawo ezinjalo. Ngoko ke, bafuna ukunkcenkceshela okongeziweyo.

Ubuncwane bamanzi baseRashiya

Elizweni lethu, imilambo ihlala idlala indima enkulu. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, bekuvela kwindawo yabo yokuba ukulungiswa kwabantu kunye nokurhweba kuxhomekeke kuninzi. Yonke elaseRussia ihlanganisa inethiwekhi epheleleyo yemifula, apho malunga namawaka angama-120 ubude beekhilomitha ezili-10. Kwintsimi yabo mininzi, izixhobo zokufakelwa izixhobo zenziwe ngamathathu, ezinye zazo zihlala kwiindawo ezinkulu kunamachibi amakhulu.

Iimifumba zibaluleke kakhulu njengento ebalulekileyo, ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwamanzi aseRashiya amaninzi . Zifumaneka kwiindawo ezinobungcipheko obuninzi kunye ne-permafrost, apho bahlala khona kwisiqingatha sendawo yonke (eNtshona Siberia). Iindawo zeMars zihlobo lobutyebi bomswakama bendalo. Ukongezelela, badlala indima enkulu ekulawuleni ummandla wamanzi kunye nokuzinza kwemozulu, kwaye nabo bayona mthombo oyintloko. Uninzi lweebhogi ezinkulu zikhuselwe ngoku.

Elinye iqela elibalulekileyo elenza inxalenye yamanzi yamanzi kwelizwe lethu lilali. Kuyo yonke intsimi yaseRashiya bahlakazekile ngaphezu kwezigidi ezi-2. Indima yamachibi ayinakudityaniswa, kuba iqulethe ngaphezu kwesigamu samanzi amnandi esiwafumanayo. Inkulu yamachibi yi-Baikal: iqulethe amaphesenti angama-95 kuwo wonke amanzi ase-lake. Emva koko landela i-Onega, eLadoga Ichibi, i- Ilmen kunye neTaimyr.

Ikota yezo zonke iindawo zokugcina amanzi zamanzi kweli lizwe ziziqhwala.

Amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba aseRashiya

Kodwa izibonelelo zamanzi azikho kuphela emgangathweni. Kukho ezinye iimithombo zamanzi, apho kukho indima ebalulekileyo edlalwa ngabo bangaphantsi komhlaba. Olu buninzi bezobutyebi bendalo baseRashiya, bukhuselekile ngokusuka ekungcolisweni ngenxa yendawo yalo. Phakathi kwamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba kukho imithombo yamaminerali ekwelapha eyenziwa ngenxa yokugqithisa inani leemveliso kunye neyamaminerari. Ingqikithi, ngaphezu kwama-300 kuwo ayaziwa kwintsimi yelizwe lethu. Uninzi lwawo lufumaneka kwicandelo laseYurophu.

Ukongezelela, intsimi yelizwe lethu ihlanjwe ngamanzi ama-12 elwandle. Phakathi kwabo, i-Barents neJapan yibaluleke kakhulu kwezoshishino. Amanye asetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengemihlaba yokuzonwabisa kunye nokuhamba kwehlabathi. Isalathisi se-Atlantic yolwandle iqulethe iindawo zeoli neegesi.