Ntlekele. Inkcazo, udidi

Ngaphantsi kwesibambiso seemeko ezixakeka (imeko zexakeka) ziqonda imeko ethile engalunganga ephuhlisiwe ngenxa yempembelelo engqongileyo yezinto ezithile. Intsimi yabo yokusabalalisa ingahluka ukusuka kwindawo encinci ukuya kwiidolophu ezipheleleyo, amazwe, okanye, ngokukodwa, nakwihlabathi lonke. Ngokuxhomekeka kwimvelaphi, iimeko ezinjalo zihlukaniswe ngamaqela amaninzi. Iqela ngalinye, linokuthi lifumane iinkcazo ze-ESs eziliqela.

Izingozi ezininzi kwiifom kunye namashishini (ngokukodwa abo ababandakanyekayo kwimichiza, emkhosini okanye nakwamanye amashishini angabungozi) banokubangela ukuvela kweemeko ezimbi. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukubhala iintlekele kunye neentlekele zemvelo, iziganeko ezingavumelekanga okanye ezingavamile, ezinye izingozi ze-technogenic kunye ne-anthropogenic. Njengomthetho, ukuvela kwimeko engxamisekileyo kubandakanya imiphumo emibi emininzi: ngenye indlela, umonakalo ubangelwa kwimeko, impilo yabantu okanye impahla.

Iintlobo zeentlekele zemvelo

Imeko yexakeka yendalo yendalo inemilinganiselo efanayo kunye nezinye iintlobo zengxamiseko. Ngokukodwa, ingaba yendawo okanye isasazeke kwindawo ephakamileyo. Enye yezinto eziphawulekayo yinto eyenzeka ngayo. Oku kubandakanya iziganeko ezinobungozi zemihlaba (ubuncwane bomhlaba, umsebenzi we-volcanic), i-peat kunye nomlilo wehlathi, iziganeko ezinzulu zeemeteorological (ezifana neziphepho, isichotho esikhulu, iziqhwithi, ikhephu, imvula yamanzi okanye iindubhu). Kwakhona, iimeko zentlekele zemvelo ziquka izingozi ze-hydrological (izikhukhula), ukuhlasela okukhulu kwezidalwa ezinambuzane, izifo ezithintekayo kwizilwanyana kunye nabantu, ukutshintshwa kwimo yomoya okanye imeko yamanzi.

Kwiinkalo ezininzi zezizwe ngezizwe, ukukhawuleza kokusingqongileyo, okubandakanya ukungcola, kubonwa njengeqela elihlukileyo. Izizathu zesi sigqibo zivela kwimvelaphi edibeneyo yeentlekele zemvelo: impembelelo ngqo yomntu idlala indima enkulu apha, ngelixa iqhwa lekhephu okanye ithopholo lwenzekayo kungakhathaliseki ukuba yimpembelelo yimiba ye-anthropogenic. Kodwa emazweni aseCIS yonke into iyamanyaniswa kwicandelo elinye. Ngoko ke, iintlekele ezifanayo kufuneka zibhekiswe kwientlekele zemvelo. Ngaloo ndlela, kukho amaqela amabini kuphela: okubangelwa ngumntu kunye neengxamiseko zendalo.

Ukwahlulelwa kweentlekele zemvelo eRashiya

Nangona uphuhliso oluphezulu lwezenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe, indoda iyaqhubeka ingakhuselekanga nxamnye nemimoya yendalo kunye nakubusuku bokubonakala kwayo. Oku kubonakala ngokugqithiseleyo kwixesha leentlekele, xa iqela liphuka endleleni yethu yokuphila, esekelwe kwaye iyitshintsha ngokupheleleyo. Uhlalutyo lweemeko zengxakeko ezenzeke kwixesha elidlulileyo leminyaka linika izibikezelo ezidakisayo. Ngokweziganeko zenzululwazi minyaka yonke inani lexhoba lezo zengxowankulu lonyuka kuphela (ngokwemyinge, iipesenti eziyi-8.5). Ientlekele zemvelo ngokwabo zonakalisa ngakumbi i-4.3 ekhulwini. Kwaye oku kunona kwenkqubo ekhuselekileyo yokuhlaziya nokukhusela iziganeko ezifanayo kwihlabathi.

Ukongezelela, kwixesha lethu sele kubonakale ukuba impembelelo ye-anthropogenic isenempembelelo engathanga ngqo kwi-emergencies of emergency. Izinhlekelele zemvelo ezinobungozi nezibonakalayo zibangelwa yimisebenzi yethu yokungenangqiqo. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuchithwa kwamahlathi ngexesha elikhokelela kukho ukwanda kwimizila yezikhukula eRashiya kwaye kwandiswe kakhulu ukusabalalisa le nto yingozi.

Ingqikithi, kwintsimi yelizwe lethu kukho iziganeko ezingama-30 zendalo ezibangelwa usongelo kubantu. Amandla amakhulu kunazo zonke ezibhubhisayo aneziphepho, iziqhwithi kunye neenkanyamba. Izikhamo, iinyikima, ukuhlaselwa komhlaba kunye neengqungquthela zengozi ethile kwimimandla yeentaba. Kwaye kunye nomlilo wehlathi, kufuneka sisebenzise umkhosi wonyaka kwi-taiga massifs. Ngenxa yesimiso esilumkileyo esilumkiso, ezininzi zezinto ezichazwe ngasentla ziba yingozi nakakhulu.

Ngokwezibalo, ngokuqhelekileyo sinokungxamiseka kwemvelaphi yezulu (28%), ilandelwa izityikitya (24%) kunye nezikhukhula zonyaka (19%) zihlala kwindawo yesithathu. Ngelo xesha, malunga nepesenti ezingamashumi amane kwintsimi yonke yaseRashiya ithathwa njengowommandla wendalo. Kuyaziwa ukuba inyikima yenye yezona ntlekele zendalo eziyingozi kakhulu, ezinokuba nzima kakhulu ukuqikelela. Kwiimeko ezininzi, oku akunakwenziwa. Le meko iyinkimbinkimbi yinto yokuba kule mimandla kukho iindawo ezinkulu ezinobungozi kunye nezinto ezinobungozi.