Amazwe Balkan kunye indlela yabo inkululeko

Ummandla Balkan lidla ngokuba "nomgqomo" of Europe. Kwaye akukho ngozi. Kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini ngoku uze kwabaneka kukho imfazwe kunye ngquzulwano zabo bonke ubukhulu. Kwaye leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi yaqala apha, emva Sarajevo uhlaselwe yindlalifa kwitrone Austria-Hungarian. Ekuqaleni-imi- 90 lamazwe Balkan baye bafumana enye mothuko kakhulu - sokonakalisa lwaseYugoslavia. Esi siganeko ukuhlengahlengisa kakhulu imephu zopolitiko kuMmandla yaseYurophu.

kummandla Balkan kunye yindawo elikuyo

On indawo elincinane ngokwentelekiso 505 ophosa square ibekwe onke amazwe Balkan. Esimi lonke elo lizwe na zahlukahlukene kakhulu. unxweme wayo kakhulu dissected kwaye zihlanjwe iilwandle ezintandathu. Intsimi weeBalkans, ubukhulu becala weentaba kakhulu dissected yi anamandla kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, indawo liphezulu losingasiqithi - Mount Musala - nedotyagivaet kunye ukuya ku-3000 ubude.

ezinye iimpawu ezimbini zendalo mava kulo mmandla; kuba linani elikhulu kwiziqithi ezincinane off ngaselunxwemeni (ingakumbi Croatia), kwakunye neenkqubo karst enkulu (leyo Slovenia nguye Karst odumileyo, nto leyo bakhonza amagama mali ukuba iqela elithile komhlaba).

Peninsula, eli gama livela kwigama Turkish Balkan, gama elo elithetha "kummango enkulu kunye wamahlathi." Umda wasentla weeBalkans jikelele wenziwe nge imilambo ngobude kunye Sava.

amazwe Balkan: uluhlu

Namhlanje kwi ummandla kwiiBalkans, kukho ezikhoyo ezilishumi karhulumente (phakathi kwabo - 9 kumazwe yaye omnye - ngokuyinxenye waqaphela). Apha ngezantsi kukho uluhlu kubo, kuquka amazwe Balkan ikomkhulu:

1. Slovenia (ikomkhulu - iLjubljana).
2. Greece (Athens).
3. Bulgaria (Sofia).
4. Romania (Bucharest).
5. Macedonia (Skopje).
6. Bosnia and Herzegovina (Zakon).
7. Serbia (Belgrade).
8. Montenegro (Podgorica).
9. Croatia (Zagreb).
10. The Republic of Kosovo (ngokuyinxenye babeziqonda nekomkhulu yayo ePriština).

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuhlela ezithile zengingqi kumazwe Balkan kwakhona oluphezulu ne Moldova.

amazwe Balkan endleleni lophuhliso ozimeleyo

Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XIX, zonke izizwe Balkan zibe phantsi kwedyokhwe Turkey kunye uBukhosi Austria-Hungarian, leyo negalelo kuphuhliso lwabo zesizwe nenkcubeko. Xa 60-70s yenkulungwane yokugqibela kwiiBalkans baqinisa ulangazelelo yenkululeko yesizwe. amazwe Balkan, omnye emva komnye, ezama ukubuyela endleleni uphuhliso oluzimeleyo.

Eyokuqala kwezi kwaba Bulgaria. Ngowe-1876, i mvukelo apha, apho, Noko ke, waphathwa bacinezelwa baseTurkey. Wacatshukiswa ngezenzo igazi ezinjalo, yabulala malunga-30 amawaka Bulgarians Orthodox, eRashiya wathi imfazwe baseTurkey. Ekugqibeleni, Turkey wanyanzeleka ukuqaphela geqe Bulgaria.

Ngowe-1912, elandela umzekelo Bulgarians iphumelele ukuzimela kunye Albania. Kwangaxeshanye, eBulgaria, Serbia kunye Greece ukudala ebizwa ngokuba "Balkan Union 'ukuze ekugqibeleni ndahlukana kwidyokhwe Turkish. Kungekudala emva kokuba Turks zaye wazigxothayo lo zwe. Phantsi kolawulo lwabo isiqwenga nje encinci komhlaba kwisixeko waseConstantinople.

Noko ke, emva kokuba uloyiso phezu utshaba lwabo olulodwa, amazwe Balkan aqalile ukuba alwe phakathi kwabo. Ngenxa yoko, eBulgaria, exhaswa Austria-Hungary wahlasela Serbia neGrisi. Le yokugqibela, nayo, iye yanika inkxaso yomkhosi eRomania.

Ekugqibeleni, enkulu "nomgqomo" The Balkans waba Juni 28, 1914, xa Serb Sarajevo siseko wabulawa yindlalifa kwitrone Austria-Hungarian, Prince uFerdinand. Ekubeni leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, leyo zabuya zarholelwa phantse lonke elaseYurophu, yaye amanye amazwe e-Asia, eAfrika yaye Central America.

Sokonakalisa yeYugoslavia

IYugoslavia wadalwa ngowe-1918, ngoko nangoko emva kokuba ukutshona Empire Austria-Hungarian. Inkqubo ekungafuneki yayo, eyaqala ngo-1991, waziqulunqa ngokutsha kakhulu ekhoyo ngelo xesha imephu yezopolitiko Europe.

Okokuqala esasiya, ngenxa ebizwa ngokuba imfazwe mini-10, ndafika eSlovenia. Ilandelwe yi iCroatia, kodwa ungquzulwano zomkhosi phakathi Croats nama lweminyaka 4.5 kwaye kubangwe ubuncinane 20,000 ubomi. Ngelo xesha waqhubeka i Bosnian War, nto leyo ekhokelele ingqalelo imeko entsha yeBosnia neHerzegovina.

Enye izigaba zokugqibela sokonakalisa njengeYugoslavia uye waba ngodaba ukuzimela iMontenegro, nto leyo kwenzeka ngo-2006. Ngokutsho iziphumo, 55.5% of abaye yavota ukuze secede evela eSerbia.

ukuzimela ingahlali baseKosovo

17 Februwari 2008 Kosovo Republic unilaterally ukuzimela. indlela uluntu jikelele ukuya kwesi siganeko ingacaci kakhulu. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, Kosovo njengoko geqe, wabona kuphela 108 ilizwe th (ngaphandle kwamalungu 193 UN). Phakathi kwabo - eUnited States naseKhanada, Japan, Australia, uninzi lwamazwe EU, kunye namazwe athile e-Afrika kunye Latin America.

Noko ke, ukuzimela kwiriphabliki ayikenziwa ingqalelo yi-Russia, China (eyinxalenye ye -UN Security Council), nto leyo akavumeli Kosovo ukuba abe lilungu epheleleyo mibutho eziphambili ngamazwe ehlabathini.

Ekuphetheni ...

amazwe Modern Balkan ziye lwaqala uhambo lwabo ekubeni bazimele kwinkulungwane XIX emva kwexesha. Noko ke, ukwakheka imida kwi KwiiBalkans nangoku ayikagqitywa.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, amazwe alishumi ziye zabelwa phakathi kummandla Balkan. Oku eSlovenia, Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, iMontenegro, iCroatia, yaye ngokuyinxenye babeziqonda baseKosovo.