Inkqubo yemfundo - yintoni na le nto? EzisisiNyanzeliso Process kunye nendlela

Inkqubo yemfundo - oku liqonga kunzima yaye elide, ejolise kwi ukuyilwa ubuntu ukuvumelana. Ukuze uqale ufumanise ukuba ibinzana elithi "zokufundisa".

Imvelaphi igama elithi

AmaGrike ngokuba 'utitshala' ikhoboka eyakhokela iklasi phezu komntwana. Ngaphezu koko, eli gama libhekisela kootitshala, ootitshala, iinjingalwazi, neengcali kummandla pedagogy. Nezwi ngokuthi, eli gama lithetha "detovozhdenie". Inkqubo yemfundo - nophuhliso iimpawu ezithile abaselula. Ngokuthe ngcembe, le nkcazo kwenza uhlengahlengiso, izongezo, kodwa akawatshintshi intsingiselo yawo esisiseko.

Kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi, inkqubo yokufunda, imfundo kunye nophuhliso lomntu akudingi ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kulindelekile ukuba ubukho boluntu.

Ekuseni, imbonakalo nkampani kuyimfuneko ukuba ukudlulisela amava abanye kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. Ngokomzekelo, amalungu amadala entsapho kudluliselwa kwisizukulwana esitsha ngokuqokelela ngamava abo, imveliso izixhobo ezahlukeneyo, umbutho ya ndyangu.

Njengoko akhule nje umntu uba nzima ngakumbi njengoko amava ubomi bakhe, yala maxesha iindlela yenkqubo yemfundo. Ngenxa utitshala Polish Yanu Amosu Kamensky wabonakala didactics, nto leyo isebe eyahlukileyo pedagogy jikelele.

History of Education

Inkqubo yoqeqesho kunye imfundo iingcambu ezendeleyo zembali. Kuba zonke sizukulwana kukho ezifanelekileyo iinjongo ezintathu eziphambili:

• ukufunda amava wooyise;
• phinda ulwazi olufundiweyo;
• nokudlulisela ulwazi inzala.

Kuphela ngale ndlela ngayo inkqubela kwezentlalo. Pedagogy - a isayensi lifunda iipateni zothumelo ulwazi olusisiseko abo badala, lo nokwenziwa kokuveliswa ekuphumeni kwalo yokutshintsha. Imfundo kwinkqubo yokufunda ejoliswe kufunyanwe amava yoluntu eza kufuna umntwana wakho ukuba basebenze kunye ubomi obuqhelekileyo.

Ngokuthe ngcembe umsebenzi zokufundisa waqala lubalasele sphere eyahlukileyo yomsebenzi. Okokuqala, wazithwala kude yi zobulumko Greece yamandulo. Kungenxa kule xesha zembali, kukho ibinzana elithi "isikolo", nto leyo yayithetha nokuzonwabisa. "Gymnasium" yaziwa ngokuba kwizikolo zikarhulumente zophuhliso ngokwasemzimbeni.

Ngenkulungwane ye-17, ezemfundo kwinkqubo yokufunda uyakhululwa ube inzululwazi. Ngeli xesha, ayenziwa iingcamango kunye nemigaqo yemfundo kwi pedagogy Russian. Umzekelo, uMikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov wadalwa iincwadi ezininzi zokufundisa kwigrama kunye inokusebenza.

iindidi pedagogy

Kwinkulungwane elinesibhozo inzululwazi zokufundisa iye nawasezincotsheni ozimeleyo, nto leyo sinentloko yalo zokufunda. Kuluntu mihla, inkqubo yemfundo - ulinganisa ejoliswe ukuyilwa nophuhliso ngamnye ngokubhekiselele kwimfundo, uqeqesho, uqeqesho yayo. Indlela yokuququzelela le nkqubo ibaluleke kunye noxanduva? Oku kufuna iindlela ngeendlela zenkqubo yemfundo.

Phakathi iindidi eziphambili pedagogy bathi yemfundo, uqeqesho kunye nophuhliso.

Inkqubo yemfundo - uphuhliso lobuqu phantsi kwempembelelo kwiimeko zangaphakathi nangaphandle. Development kwenzeka phantsi kwempembelelo yeemeko zendalo kunye nezentlalo.

imfundo Iimpawu

Inkqubo yemfundo ye umntu yenye ibalulekileyo pedagogy. Ngengqiqo ngokubanzi, imfundo ibandakanya inkqubo okunenjongo ukubunjwa amandla ngokomoya nangokwenyama ubuntu, ubukrelekrele. Oku kulungiselelwa ngokupheleleyo ubomi, abasebenzi asebenzayo.

Ngengqiqo imxinwa emfundweni inkqubo lokusekwa isizukulwana omnci sengqondo ngenyameko endalweni kokusingqongileyo, kwabanye abantu. Le yinkqubo ngenjongo, ngexesha apho ukufunyanwa kwenzeka nobuntu ezo zakhiwo kunye neempawu ezifana iimfuno uluntu ethile.

Uphuhliso umntu yinxalenye kuphela ngokusebenzisa imfundo, sikhatshwe ukutshintshwa namava ayo, translation yelifa izinyanya.

Isiseko kwemfundo noqeqesho

Ngawaphi amacandelo aphambili uqeqesho nemfundo? Inkqubo yemfundo ye umntu esekelwe kwizakhono, ubuchule, ulwazi. Bona yindlela ebonisa ubunyani encediswa ingqiqo, izibakala, imithetho, ingqiqo.

Izakhono abandakanye ekuzimiseleni kwabo ngamnye self-abazi kwaye ukuphumeza izenzo ithiyori kwaye aluncedo ngokusekelwe ngamava kwezentlalo, ulwazi kunye nezakhono abazifumene.

WeMfundo inkqubo le nkqubo ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kobuchule ezizodwa. Iziphumo zayo iziphiwo, izakhono, ulwazi, iindlela zokucinga, nto leyo ekugqibeleni udla komfundi.

izigaba zokufundisa ezisisiseko

Imithetho yenkqubo yemfundo, imfundo, uphuhliso - ezi udidi zokufundisa ezisisiseko. Imfundo kwinkqubo yokuzihlola zophuhliso, ezinxulumene ne wabongamela imilinganiselo yawo, ulwazi kunye nezakhono ngobuchule. Imfundo kunokubonwa njenge usulelo yofuzo zentlalo kwizizukulwana ezilandelayo yamava abo. Umbutho we inkqubo yemfundo abakwiziko mihla lemfundo ezinxulumene ukudala bume ejoliswe kuqeqesho kwakunye imisebenzi yezifundo.

Inkqubo Ukufundisa na umanyano yemfundo noqeqesho, ukuqinisekisa ukuqhubekeka lenkcubeko izizukulwana, ukuzimisela kwabantu ukwenza iindima zobungcali kunye nezentlalo.

Umntu ngamnye kwezemfundo iphuhlisa imali zenkcubeko yokuziphatha, leyo bahambelana nalaa mabinzana abazilindeleyo kunye kunye nomdla eluntwini. Yezemfundo ngokungqinelana ngokupheleleyo ubuchule kunye nomdla umntu labo lilungelo elingundoqo nawuphi na umntu.

Urhulumente ibisoloko inkxaso kwezemfundo. Kule nkqubo yophuhliso anganefuthe isizukulwana esikhulayo ukwenza uphuhliso evumelanayo ubuntu, ezinako ukukulumkisela kuzuza ilizwe lakhe.

ukuqhubeka Cultural kukuba akukho yesazisi ukwakheka zendalo amaxabiso zentlalo. Le nkqubo ibandakanya uphuhliso ngenjongo nemfundo aselula.

Njengoko umfundisi elithi "imfundo" waqaliswa ekupheleni kwenkulungwane elinesibhozo, uJohann Genrihom Pestalotstsi.

Kangangexesha elide le nkqubo ozakuthathwa sum of izakhono, ulwazi, kunye nezakhono eziyimfuneko ukuze kuphunyezwe izinto eziluncedo. Okwangoku ugxininise elihle kwezentlalo, njengoko kutshintshe qualitative kwaye ubungakanani zentsulungeko, kwiindlela zokucinga, iinkolelo, iimpawu yokuziphatha aza kuzisebenzisa ukuze isizukulwana omnci lithathelwe ngempumelelo ukuya ongqongileyo kwezentlalo.

imfundo lwangoku

Kule mihla, inzululwazi efundisa iphathwa njenge ethile inkqubo equlathe elements ngamnye: inkqubo, isiphumo. imfundo didactics Classical unika iinkalo ezine: inkqubo, iseti, ixabiso, ukusebenza.

iimpawu Ixabiso iqulethe iindawo ezintathu: emfundo, yobuqu, ixabiso kwintlalo yoluntu. Ukuba imfundo ebandakanya ukufunda nokubhala, ubuchule zobungcali, iinkolelo, uqeqesho uphawuleka iimpawu ezithile yokuziphatha.

Ingcamango yokuba kukho iindlela zokufundisa

Inkqubo yokufundisa Enzima kunye neguquguqukayo kwenza ootitshala ukuba ukusombulula iingxaki ezininzi zobuso imisebenzi Classic engaqhelekanga yezemfundo enxulumene nophuhliso evumelanayo ubuntu. Baye angaziwa eziliqela, kunye nesigqibo ngempumelelo iingxaki utitshala kufuneka ilifa iindlela zokufundisa.

Ziqulethe uluhlu ezahlukeneyo iindlela athe eqhagamshelana omnye komnye. Umzekelo, ukuba ukuyilwa sengqondo, iinkolelo esebenzisa incoko zoqobo.

iindlela zemfundo

Xa pedagogy basekhaya ukuba imisebenzi ethile kunye nootitshala intsebenziswano educability, zixhomekeke ngenjongo yokuba ukusetyenziswa kwazo. Iimali ezi izinto inkcubeko ngokomoya yaye eziphathekayo, isicelo ekusombululeni iingxaki zemfundo.

iindlela zemfundo iindlela ezithile ukuphembelela yokuziphatha, iimvakalelo kunye nokuziqonda kwabantwana inkqubo wabalungiselela elihle kwezentlalo.

Kuba ukuyilwa kweekhonsepthi zabantwana, izigwebo, utitshala iinkolelo unika iintetho, izifundo, iingxoxo kunye mpikiswano.

ukuziphatha Amava wenziwe ngexesha imidlalo indima-udlala, kwakunye nokwenziwa odolo ngamnye anikwe ngutitshala umntwana.

Self-uvavanyo, umsebenzi self-ekuvuseleleni, utitshala isicelo ngamandla izohlwayo kunye nemivuzo, iimbambano kunye kukhuphiswano.

Imisebenzi zokomoya ejoliswe ukuqonda yobomi, ukudalwa isikhundla yokuziphatha lo mbandela, ukuyilwa imbono yakhe ehlabathini, oluqhutywa ngokunxulumene ngokusondeleyo inkqubo yokufumana ulwazi lwenzululwazi. Kuba uphuhliso ezixhasayo, ukuziphatha bayazi kwi pedagogy lwasekhaya esetyenziswa yi ulwamkelo ngumzekelo.

Sikhetha ezinye iindlela zoqeqesho ukuba abe negalelo elikhulu.

Ukusebenzisa imizekeliso, amabali, izikweko, ingxoxo comradely kunye mpikiswano, Phuculani kwizihloko ezahlukeneyo, utitshala ngcembe yakha inkqubo esisiseko lamaxabiso abafundi yayo.

Emva ukwazisana amaziko emfundo imigangatho yase isizukulwana yesibini utitshala waqalisa ukunikela ingqalelo engakumbi kwi projekthi zokudala esihlanganyelweyo, bengavumeli nje ukuba ukuqeqesha kodwa ukufundisa onke amalungu eqela leprojekthi.

Ukwahlukanisa iindlela zokufundisa

Xa iincwadi zokufundisa ichaza iinketho ezahlukeneyo eyayiza ukufikelela usukelo kunye neenjongo. Ngu uhlobo isabelo sawo kuloo msebenzi, icala okekelele ngakulo, sisohlwayo, ukhuthazo. Njengoko bebubalaselisa jikelele ikhonza uvavanyo lomsebenzi abafundi.

iiklasi ezimbini iindlela zemfundo kubalulwe iziphumo zempembelelo:

• iimpembelelo ezidale iinjongo yokuziphatha, isimo sengqondo, ulwalamano, iingcinga, iingqiqo;
• iimpembelelo ezichaza uhlobo ethile yokuziphatha.

Eyona njongo kakhulu kwaye ulwahlulohlulo kakhulu lula cinga iindlela yemfundo yokuqhelaniswa nezifundo. Olu phawu ezimanyanisayo, equka elibonakalayo, ekujoliswe, kwicala enkqubo yemfundo:

• ukubunjwa lokuqonda buqu;
• Umbutho we amava yezentlalo yokuziphatha;
• umsebenzi umdla.

Consciousness ukuze kwakheke ngexesha iintetho weendawo, ethical iincoko, amabali, iingxelo, emfutshane. Kuba nqgo (nezizathu) umsebenzi ngokuzimeleyo kwabafundi ootitshala ngenkuthalo ngokusebenzisa inkqubo okurhafisa namanqaku.

Makhe sithethe ngeendlela ezinye ukubunjwa lokuqonda lobuqu. Hayi inkolelo emizamweni, kodwa izenzo ngokwenene kunye nezenzo luphawulwa indlela abafundi mihla. Yiyo loo nto kule intliziyo inkqubo wokufundisa elihle kwezentlalo.

Ootitshala zama ukuba ahlanganise ubuchule ithiyori kwaye aluncedo ukuba bazuze iziphumo ezigqwesileyo. Phakathi eziphambili kwezemfundo mihla ulahlekisa ukuyilwa azive ubuzwe nokuthanda ilizwe lokuzalwa, izithethe ezixabisekileyo zosapho.

Aluveli ukusebenza macala kwi kwimisebenzi eyenziwayo abantwana. Ukulawula inkqubo utitshala lemfundo iqwalasela abafundi amanyathelo ngexesha lokusebenza phezu kumanqanaba ngamnye, imisebenzi ezincinane.

Ukuze kwakhiwe sengqondo ngenyameko inkcubeko ilizwe lokuzalwa kwakhe, imilinganiselo kufuneka isetyenziswe umsebenzi icebiso nje kuphela, kodwa imizekelo kwinkcubeko nobugcisa, ukuba balandele abafundi kunye nabantu ilungileyo lali, idolophu, isixeko, ilizwe.

Utitshala ukwakha chain ecacileyo nethembakeleyo samanyathelo, ekhokelwa kwimisebenzi zokufundisa ingqiqo yabo eqhelekileyo, ngokusekelwe kumyalelo yoluntu. Utitshala uzama ukujongana kuphela iimvakalelo umfundi, kodwa kwingqiqo yabo.

Le ntetho iba oluneenkcukacha, ezinzileyo, yinkcazo yenkqubo undoqo iingxaki ezithile zemfundo, zenzululwazi, zemfundo. Oku kusekelwe phezu gabalala wezenzo izinto ithiyori okanye nezenziwayo. Le ntetho ihamba ngemizekeliso, iintetho, iingxoxo iziqalelo.

Le ngxabano yahlukile iintetho kunye neengxoxo amathuba abafundi ukuba bachaze indawo yazo waqiqa kwi umba.

Ukuba iingxoxo ivumela isizukulwana esitsha ukuze bafumane amava elikhuselayo ingongoma ngayo lwembono, indawo impikiswano, ukugcina zokuziphatha kwengxoxo.

Phakathi iinketho yempembelelo yemfundo kwi isizukulwana esitsha kufuneka kuqwalaselwe umnqweno abantwana ukuxelisa. Ukubukela abazali babo, ootitshala, abantwana abadala, abantwana baphuhlise inkqubo yabo imilinganiselo. Kuba uphuhliso yenkathalo, ubuzwe, ukuziphatha aphezulu, ukunyaniseka, phambi kwamehlo umfundi kufuneka abe ngumzekelo omhle lobuqu utitshala okanye utitshala.

Kuba ukuyilwa ngamava yokuziphatha kwakufuneka umthambo. Zibandakanya ukwenziwa ngendlela yacwangciswa abafundi zemisebenzi ezahlukeneyo, imiyalelo ezenziwayo ezijolise kuphuhliso lobuqu.

Imfundo a nokuphunyezwa ngendlela gqolo izenzo ezithile ezijolise ukwakha imikhwa emihle. Ngexesha lenkqubo yoqeqesho kokuba ndaqonda ngokwenza imithambo ezizodwa, yaye umsebenzi wokufundisa ibandakanya ukuphunyezwa oda ukuthi enxulumene nommandla ongqongileyo kwezentlalo.

isiphelo

Studies ukuqinisekisa impumelelo yokusetyenziswa kwimfundo isizukulwana esitsha amakhuphiswano ezahlukeneyo. Intsha yanamhlanje luphawulwa amalungelo abathengi, ukuba ibe nefuthe elibi kwinkqubo lwamaxabiso. Ukuze siphephe indlela enjalo, i-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wezeMfundo yaqhuba yotshintsho zamaziko emfundo mihla.

Okwangoku, le nkampani uhlawula ingqalelo eyodwa imisebenzi abafundi yezifundo ophezulu-grade, ukudalwa kumacandelo emidlalo ezongezelelweyo kunye izangqa ngokwasengqondweni. Kuphela indlela ebanzi kwinkqubo yemfundo, uqeqesho, uphuhliso enokulindelwa ukuphunyezwa komyalelo koluntu - ukuyilwa ubuntu ephuhliswe ngokuvumelana.

Ootitshala baqonde ukubaluleka nokubaluleka inkqubo yezemfundo, ngoko umsebenzi wabo, ijikwa iindlela ezisebenzayo kunye nobuchule ejolise yimfundo abaselula.