Yintoni ubulembu? Isakhiwo, ukuzala, ubulembu, intsingiselo kunye nesicelo

Ukuze uqonde ukuba yintoni na moss, kufuneka ukuba bahlole yamandulo iqela kwezityalo. Group le - hlobo ephezulu, yodwa abaninzi. Ekuhambeni kwexesha yethu planethi kukho phantse 30,000 iintlobo ubulembu.

ngezigaba

Botany wavula kwaye bahlola zonke ezaziwayo iintlobo zezityalo bryophyte, yokuhlela isekelwe iiyantlukwano morphology, iindlela ukwanda kunye nolwakhiwo ibihlungu of midumba. ISebe mossy lungahlulwa-hlulwa zibe kwiiklasi ezinjalo: zamaxesha athile ngonyaka, hepatic kunye antotserotovye ubulembu.

ubulembu avuthulukayo

Yintoni Evuthuluka ubulembu? Baya ebizwa kwakhona briopsidami. Le kwiklasi enkulu, uniko manani, malunga ne-15 amawaka iintlobo. Abameli beli qela zibonakaliswa kakhulu kakhulu ukuba eziveziweyo zazo zonke izityalo zeli sebe. Briopsidy zahlukene kakhulu, kokubini imilo kunye nobukhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha bafikelele ubungakanani obukhulu. Eyona nto inokwenziwa Inqanaba ubukho babo - le gametophyte. Kubonakala ngathi kwizele izityalo kunye namagqabi olunye akhe uwele. iimbambano Briopsidy bayanda. Qho kwi kumathafa, marshland kunye nemimandla emanzi. Abameli Kukushkin yeflakisi, sphagnum moss.

ubulembu hepatic

Yintoni ubulembu kwesibindi (liverworts)? Bona akhawunti uhlobo malunga 8.5 amawaka, yaye zahlulwe subclasses ezimbini. Marshantsievye jungermanniales kunye liverworts. Egqubayo kwinqanaba athembisayo - gametophyte. Ngaphandle, isityalo ufana atshabalalisa "isiqu" kunye amagqabi amalungiselelo kunye. Imbewu ngokutyalwa elaters (yimithombo ezizodwa). Liverworts eziqhelekileyo Kuyashisa kunye epholileyo-ifumile. abameli lohlobo: blefarostroma volosolistnaya, marchantia polymorphic, lycopsids barbilofoziya, ptilidium ciliated.

Antotserotovye ubulembu

Yintoni antotserotovye ubulembu? Olu udidi leengcali ubulembu zisoloko zithathwa njengokuba subclass of liverworts. Oku kuquka iintlobo phantse 300.

In umjikelo wobomi ibe Isigaba sporophyte. Ngaphandle, isityalo ikhangeleka nesimbo okanye rozetkopodobnoe thallus. Ezi ubulembu zifumaneka sezulu sifudumele kunye nohlobo ofumileyo emvula. antotseros - ummeli yeklasi.

inkcazo ngokubanzi of ubulembu

Ngoko ke, yintoni na ubulembu? Oku - izityalo efanele, ukuphakama kwayo ziyahluka ukusuka ku-1 mm ukuya kuma-60 cm. Zikhula kwi komboko zemithi, phezu kweendonga, phezu komhlaba, xa kwamachibi amatsha kunye nezimbuku. Ngenxa izityalo etyuwa ukunganyamezelani akafunyanwa kwiilwandle kwimihlaba saline. Amaninzi, ubume moss ilula kakhulu - neziqu namagqabi. Kodwa ke Iingcambu zezityalo phantsi ingqalelo bengekho ngokupheleleyo. Water kunye nezondlo anciphisa rhizoids okanye umzimba wonke. Lithathelwe ubukho ezisentlabathini kuye kwathetha ukuba kwakukho moss egubungele ngoomatshini kunye izihlunu, kwakunye iiseli ezintsha ezisebenzayo kwi inkalo conductive. Isityalo angehli, ubukhulu badla ezincinane (ukuphakama kuphela mm ezimbalwa), ubuncinane enkulu (ukuya kwi-60 cm). Umzimba wakhe Kubonakala ngathi thallus (antotserotovye okanye liverworts ngamnye), okanye yahlulwe 'isiqu "kwaye" amagqabi ". Ufakelo ukuba zeendawana kwaye ngokumungunya amanzi outgrowths leeseli, ebizwa ngokuba rhizoids (bawunyamekelayo inkqubo conductive intanethi).

Ubume sphagnum moss kwaye akukho intricacy ezahlukeneyo. enkulu Le courtines eziluhlaza nokuba zifuna ukuba ngqombela kancinane ukukhanya. Ukuba siqonde "zinti" amalungiselelo kunye bunchy yegqabi "amasebe". Ngaphandle ehlangeni moss rhizoids tye (kancane phantsi), yegqabi kwimiqolo eziliqela, kunye neenkqubo osecaleni emininzi enamagqabi, apho babehlanganisene phezulu isiqu entloko eshinyeneyo. Kuyo yonke loo masebe stem eqokelelwe iintsika. Le yokugqibela luqulathe amasebe 3-13 ilenga phantsi waza wabahlula esiqwini. On top of the "amasebe" kukuncwina kwaye buthathwa intloko eshinyeneyo. Enemibala Iiseli emanzini-ninyamezelana pores kuqikelelwe zangaphandle "micingeni".

-Umaleko ube mnye "eshiya" sphagnum iquka iintlobo ezimbini iiseli: photosynthesis aphansti. Befundisi simise umbungu-ezifana kwaye ziqulathe chloroplasts, ephakathi iiseli kwamanzi-langa. iiseli ezinjalo baninzi, sivumele sphagnum moss lokunciphisa umthamo omkhulu wamanzi. sphagnum Sporophyte lirhangqwa bhokisi, apho kukho iimbambano enesiciko. Xa imbewu abaqolileyo, ukwanda koxinzelelo ngaphakathi ibhokisi, apho isiciko ivula kwaye imbewu abaqolileyo izikhulu ngaphandle. Le inkqubo ke ithabatha indawo imozulu efudumeleyo ukuba ukusasazeka bhetele sikuyo.

Yintoni oluhlaza moss? Ngokubabulala abameli babo kunganxulunyaniswa Kukushkin yeflakisi. "Isiqu" Isihloko sawo nzima, ebumnyameni eluhlaza "Amagqabi" ngenyatyhowa-ezimile. Kuye rhizoids kunye ikhula ukuya 30-40 cm. Ihamba pryamootstoyaschie moss wazolula kunye evuthelweyo esingxotyeni filmy iphuma kwaye eveleleyo ukusuka phezulu. "Stem" inenkqubo abangekaphuhli nemithambo kunye gametophyte dioecious. Phezulu i 'isiqu "iphela antheridia kunye archegonium. Ukususela elilodwa emva kokukhulelwa kuphuhlisa sporophyte, nto leyo ibhokisi kwi kwizele elide ukuba liyakhula imbewu yakhe haploid. Ibhokisi wambu ukuwa cap obhityileyo, bewuhlisele iinwele, ngathi neflakisi vulu. ibhokisi moss yahlulwe le chap, entanyeni kunye urnochku. Ngaphakathi ibhokisi lwesi- "efihlakeleyo", ezele iiseli abawaziyo. Ehlabathini kwikholam ibekwe sporangium. Urnochka cap kunye kumda kunye ijikazi kwenziwe ngeeseli ngeendonga eqinileyo. Le ring inoxanduva zokuyeka urnochki nokwahlukana yalo eqokobheni.

Iindlela ukufuya ubulembu

Isizukulwana ngokwesondo umjikelo wobomi zesityalo uyawongamela maqanda. Moss zokuzala abhalwe ngqo kwi umzimba wakhe. Le antheridia kunye archegonia ekhankanywe apha ngasentla. Archegonium unoxanduva lokuqulunqa kunye nophuhliso gametes ababhinqileyo esisigxina kunye antheridia - kuba ezininzi gametes eyindoda. Le gamete ayaqhama ababhinqileyo (imeko - ubukho bamanzi) uqala ukuphuhlisa isizukulwana maqanda moss - sporophyte. Olu hlobo bhokisi kwi Njengokungeniswa kwesithungu eqhotyoshelweyo umzimba moss. Iqulethe Imbewu ezininzi, ezinako ukuba sikhule phantsi kweemeko kakuhle, ukuba ibe isityalo esitsha. Ezinye iintlobo bakwazi nokuzala ngokukha. Ngelo xesha linye umzimba abazahlulayo ukusuka thallus abadala, nto leyo iqhotyoshelwe apha kummandla zesityalo kwaye iqala baphila elizimeleyo kunye nokuzala.

Distribution of ubulembu

Kunzima kakhulu ukufumanisa apho kungekho moss kunokuba ndixelele apho moss ikhula. Le flora abelwa phantse yonke indawo - ukusuka ekweleenjiko kwimimandla ezibandayo. Kwimimandla esabutropikhi le moss ikhula ubukhulu becala kwiindawo weentaba kunye namahlathi, okt. E., Apho ukufuma phezulu siyema. Maxa wambi umhlaba igutyungelwe ubulembu, afumaneka kummandla eyomileyo, njengoko isityalo uyakwazi ukumisa ukukwazi ukuhlala lonyaka elomileyo okwethutyana, kunye nokuqaliswa ukufuma ukuvuselela ngayo. Ngokusisiseko, ubulembu ngabona imimandla ephakathi yaye Arctic ye kumntla ikhweyitha.

Moss nokubaluleka kwayo

ubulembu intsingiselo omkhulu ngokwendalo. Okokuqala, ngenxa yokuhambisa lezi abameli zehlabathi yezityalo ilawulwa ulungelelwano amanzi komhlaba, ngenxa yokuba yande koovimba ezinkulu ukufuma thallus. Okwesibini, moss uyila biocenosis yezityalo okhethekileyo, ingakumbi ezo kwintsimi apho ligubungela ngokupheleleyo emhlabeni. Ukongeza, eli qela liye ipropati ukuba Ukuqokelela nokugcina radiation. Meaning isilwanyana moss into enkulu, kuba bryophytes ukuphakela izimvo ukuba abanye abantu. Ewe, kwaye ebomini babantu, esi sityalo kwakhona ludlala indima ebalulekileyo. Umzekelo, iintlobo ezininzi zisetyenziswa ngempumelelo Pharmacology. A moss nja- emva kokufa, kusetyenziswa, zibe kukudla.