ISebe naa Moss: iimpawu isakhiwo kunye nokusebenza, iimpawu, isondlo, ukuzala, iimpawu ngokubanzi kunye nokubaluleka. Abameli zeSebe ukwanda Moss

ISebe naa Moss kwakhona ngokuba ubulembu okwenyaniso kunye bryophytes. Zonke iintlobo combined kwisizukulwana, amacandelo, yena, iintsapho malunga 700 abamalunga ne-120.

usapho Moss iSebe kwasasazeka: iimpawu ngokubanzi

Abameli isebe - ikakhulu zizityalo ezincinane engekho ngaphezu kwe-50 mm ubude. Ezi nketho kuphela ubulembu amanzi, nto leyo ukufikelela kubude 50 cm kunye epiphytes, ezo ngeenyawo.

Isebe libhekisela taxon izityalo ngaphezulu. Moss usapho ngu-25 amawaka iintlobo.

Ngaphambili eli sebe ngaphandle ubulembu, absented kwakhona antotserotovye marchantiophyta kunye ubulembu. Noko ke, ngalo mzuzwana, ezi zohlaza ezi amasebe ezahlukeneyo. Amaxesha amaninzi, wayethetha iseti iimpawu ezi amasebe amathathu, aze asebenzise ukusetyenziswa bryophytes sesikweni kwekota elihlanganisayo (Bryophytes).

Izityalo zeSebe, kwakunye nezinye nangabameli beSebe bryophytes, ukuba iimpawu ezithile ezinxulumene umjikelo wobomi: i kwayo le gametophyte haploid of a sporophyte diploid.

indaba

Iimpawu isebe twa Moss ingqina ukuba ubulembu, kwakunye nezinye ibihlungu, ngokwemigqaliselo kwindaleko weza evela psilophytes (Rhyniophyta), nto leyo izityalo mandulo extinct ezisentlabathini. Sporophyte of ubulembu ithathwa ekupheleni ngenxa inkqubo ekunciphiseni sporophytes zooyise branched.

Kodwa kukho nenye hypothesis uuba ubulembu kunye lycopsids kunye Rhyniophyta bavela an nokuba yamandulo ngakumbi iqela kwezityalo. Ezafunyanwa yokuqala ngezidalwa zamandulo kuthi ga ngoku ukusuka Devonian kade - ekuqaleni Carboniferous.

incazelo eziphilayo

usapho moss luphawulwa kukuba abameli balo musa ukuba iintyatyambo, iingcambu, olujikeleza. Bona luphawulwa spores ukuzala, esivuthiweyo ama sporophyte.

Nakolu umjikelo wobomi gametophyte haploid sisityalo oluhlaza ingaphelelwayo, ngokufuthi ukuba protuberances amagqabi ecaleni, kunye protuberances kornepodobnye (rhizoids). Xa kuthelekiswa namanye amaqela izityalo eziphezulu, abameli entsapho Moss babe isakhiwo esilula. Phakathi iintlobo ezininzi ukuba babe isiqu kunye namagqabi, kukho abambalwa leyo eye amagqabi kunye thallus.

Kodwa amagqabi kunye nezikhondo of ubulembu azikho yokwenene, ulwimi ekuthiwa kaulidii lwabo yenzululwazi kunye uPhyllis. Phyllida beschereshkovye, ibekwe kwi isiqu saya. Kufuneka sonke isitya. Le ndlela alukho kuzo zonke iimeko

Sporophyte akukho isakhono kwendelisela iingcambu, kwaye ekunene gametophyte. Sporophyte imelwe amacandelo amathathu: philisi (sporangium), kunye nokuphuhlisa imbewu kuwo; umlenze (sporophores) apho ibhokisi; ayeke ukunika intsebenziswano nokomzimba kunye gametophyte.

Xa ubulembu kukho inani iimpawu ezahlula kuzo zonke izityalo ngaphezulu. Le nokungabikho kweengcambu, nto leyo ihlawulelwa bubukho kukho inani elikhulu rhizoids. Ngoncedo lwabo, isityalo kwaye iqhotyoshelwe zeendawana kwaye inika ukufakwa kwenxenye ukufuma. Ngokusisiseko, inkqubo Ukutsalwa amanzi oluqhutywa kumazantsi kwisityalo.

Kukho nokwenziwa, conductive, ukugcina kunye eli laphu nesigqubuthelo. Kodwa mossy akukho semithambo lokwenene nezihlunu mechanical, kanti zonke izityalo eziphezulu apho.

Ummandla lonikezelo

Ngenxa ubulembu yayo unpretentiousness usasaze onke amazwekazi, nkqu Antarctica, yaye ngokufuthi ukukhula kwiimeko ezinzima zendalo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ubulembu kukhula lutyhido ashinyeneyo. Semthunzini ndawo, ngokufuthi kufutshane ukuya dama, i imeko-bume efanelekileyo ukuze moss. Kodwa ukhule kwiindawo ezivulekileyo neyomileyo.

Moss mkhaya iintlobo ezifana leyo bahlala namachibi amanzi. Kodwa eziphila elwandle akakho phakathi kwabo, nangona kukho iintlobo ezininzi balala iliwa unxweme.

ISebe ukwanda Moss: Ixabiso

Emahlathini:

• amaqela ukudala biocenosis okhethekileyo, ingakumbi apho umhlaba igutyungelwe phantse ngokupheleleyo (kumathafa);
• inshorensi moss oluhlala kwaye ubambe material radioactive;
• ikhono lokunciphisa nokugcina izixa ezikhulu izinto ukufuma inxaxheba ummiselo eseleyo wamanzi-mhlaba.

Imisebenzi zabantu:

• negalelo yeetyuwa ezininzi lomhlaba, ngoko ke uphantsi ukusebenza komhlaba wezolimo;
• inkqubo translation lwenziwa amanzi ehla efanayo kulo komhlaba, olukhusela umhlaba nxamnye nokudliwa ngumhlwa;
• ezinye iintlobo sphagnum moss isetyenziswa amayeza njengoko zokubopha;
• ubulembu Sphagnum na umthombo nja- Ukwakheka.

ngezigaba

Iimpawu ze isebe wayitwabulula Moss, nangona ububanzi bayo, kodwa ukuvumela ukuba lokuhlela abameli yesebe ukuba amaqela ezimbalwa.

Iqela elikhulu izityalo akwi isebe - iklasi bokwenyani (ubulembu enamagqabi). Ibandakanya subclasses moss sphagnum eluhlaza Andreeva.

Bryophyta

Zokuhlala for ubulembu na umhlaba, imithi, amatye kunye nophahla, kodwa ukhule kakhulu amahlathi efumileyo, nto leyo ibe ikhaphethi oluqhubekayo.

Ezi zityalo ziquka entsatsheni Moss, baninzi ngokufanelekileyo. Ummeli kakhulu yoqobo ungatsalela umnxeba Kukushkin yeflakisi. Olubangelwa ukuba limise na branched, wazigquma exineneyo kunye amagqabi emxinwa yomgama-lanceolate. Formation kunye archegonium antheridium wenza iincopho kwezikhondo abantu ngokuqhelekileyo ikhula kufutshane. Xa antheridia abunjwe dvuhzhgutikovyh spermatozoa in archegonia - nye iqanda ezisisigxina.

Kwimeko isixa esikhulu samanzi (emvula okanye kombethe enzima) uqala isichumiso. Amanzi ayafuneka njengoko isidoda ukuqubha kuyo archegonium. Xa elilodwa wenziwe, ukususela ekuqaleni kuye ukuphuhlisa sporophyte. Yona ngokwayo azinakuphila, kwakunye nazo zonke izityalo ubandakanyeka Moss. Power sporophyte kwi ngeendleko gametophyte ababhinqileyo.

Philisi sporogony iquka sporangium. Kukho ukuyilwa zavuleka haploid. Xa aqolileyo, imbewu ulala ngokwaneleyo. kwanda zabo ngumoya. Xa iimeko zivuma, imbewu intshula unike ukunyuka protonema ukuba ifomu branched kwayo eluhlaza.

ubulembu sphagnum

ubulembu Sphagnum (350) yenye iqela izityalo ezakha udidi moss yokwenene, Moss usapho. iimpawu jikelele kunye nokubaluleka kwezi ubulembu iqela lemisebenzi esemqoka. Sphagnum - olu gqatso kuphela kule subclass.

Bona luphawulwa kukungabikho rhizoids, ngenxa apho ukuhamba kwamanzi kunye nezithako zichithakala kwenzeka ngqo kwiiseli kwamagqabi nezikhondo. Esiqwini ye gametophyte ezi whorls amasebe, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, kulungiselelwa amagqabi. Ukuba sithe zifunyanwayo ibekwe phezu esqwini engundoqo.

Xa amagqabi sphagnum moss akukho midrib. Kule ntlobo zimbini ze iiseli: live - befunda (elide emxinwa, kunye chloroplasts) nabafileyo (ngaphandle protoplasm, elinzima phezu ezindongeni pores). Uhlobo lwesibini iseli olukhoyo esiqwini. Loo yokwakheka isakhiwo isiqu namagqabi sphagnum likuvumela ukuba ukubamba ubambe imali yamanzi ubunzima bayo ukuze igqithe ubunzima isityalo izihlandlo ezingama-30. Kungenxa yoko, umhlaba apho kukhula ubulembu sphagnum ngokuthe ngcembe abafumana amanzi agqithisileyo kunye kumgxobhozo.

Ngoko ngeentlobo ke usapho Moss. Veliswa ekuso sphagnum moss, kunye umahluko kuphela kwezinye amalungu lisebe, nokuba archegonium antheridia nga kuyilwa kuphela kwi ezikhethekileyo ezikufutshane, kodwa isityalo efanayo.

Faka sphagnum moss na rhoqo ikhulise-up ngayo kwincam stem kunye Ukubuna ye emazantsi. Kodwa ingabi ukubola labafileyo, ngokuba umhlaba amanzi iqulathe oksijini encinane, nto leyo ebaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso ezincinane zomhlaba ukwenza yokubola zeentsalela zezityalo.

Emva kwexesha elide baziqwebele izixa ezikhulu izinto zemvelo ngohlobo nja-. nja- ukubunjwa - inkqubo icotha kakhulu: malunga 1 cm kwiminyaka eli-10 ukuya ku-1 m - iminyaka eliwaka.

Andreeva ubulembu

Green kunye sphagnum ubulembu - iqela kakhulu ezininzi inani iintlobo zezityalo ezakha intsapho Moss. iimpawu jikelele kunye nokubaluleka elinye iqela, nangona amanani ayo, ukuvumela ukuba ukwaba kuyo kwicandelo eyahlukileyo taxonomic. Subclass Andreeva ubulembu imelwe lusapho omnye nobubele omnye Andrea. In ukusasazwa - zwi yaye kubanda imimandla zombini zifaka. Ukhulisa kwimimandla esezintabeni kwi ematyeni namatye.

Gametophyte uqala ukuphuhlisa nkqu imbambano. Okokuqala, iiseli aqale ukukhula, uze ukwaphula iimbambano iqokobhe. Xa omnye umaleko gqabi iiseli eyohlobo olulodwa. Amagqabi zikhula top elide, nto leyo emenza abe iinwele hygroscopic. Neziqu Akukho iinyanda nemithambo.

Sporogonia thaca ibhokisi kunye haustoria. Ibhokisi akukho esicikweni. Xa ngokuhlaziya of yimbewu ngaphandle nge umsantsa 4 ibekwe phakathi enezinto.

Ngenxa yoko, iqela elikhulu zezityalo ibihlungu ephakamileyo inani yesibini kuphela kweentyatyambo - a twa Moss usapho ngokubanzi. Iimpawu ngesakhiwo kunye nokusebenza ezi abameli zobukumkani izityalo ukuvumela ukuba ukubabiza eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini, njengoko zithanda ukuphila kumhlaba (ngaphandle ubulembu zasemanzini), kwaye nande kuphela xa kukho amanzi.