Natural Reserve of the kwiNgingqi Leningrad

Ihlabathi endalo kummandla iLeningrad ngobambana ngokwendalo yayo, kunye neyantlukwano. Kuyinto zizityebi ezinika zalo wobuhle benalo ngokwenene. Kweli nqaku siza kuthetha kumaziko ukhuselo lokusingqongileyo kummandla Leningrad.

I PA Inkqubo

indawo enjalo kuhlala 570 lamawaka. Iihektare ne-akhawunti malunga-6% yendawo epheleleyo mmandla. Kuzo zonke iindawo ezinjalo kwingingqi Leningrad - 40, apho 2 kuphela abalulekileyo federal - na ummandla Nizhne-Svirsky Nature Reserve iLeningrad kunye egciniweyo "Mshinskaya kumgxobhozo."

Five imimandla ekhethekileyo ezikhuselweyo. Zikhona phantsi ubume imigxobhozo engabalulekanga sabelo ngamazwe. Kwezi ndawo, kuxhomekeka kwindlela ukukhuselwa ngokukhethekileyo olongezelelweyo. Kwathiwa ke ukukhusela umgangatho zasemanzini zokuhlala.

izigaba PA

PAS ise kwingingqi iLeningrad zahlulwe ngokweendidi eziphambili:

1. Nature Reserves apha eSt Petersburg kunye kummandla iLeningrad.
2. Parks, wadalwa ngokwemvelo.
3. Namafa.
4. zesikhumbuzo Natural.

Yonke imimandla ekhuselweyo - oovimba St. Petersburg kunye nommandla Leningrad - kwahluka enye kwenye ngeempawu ezithile, ezifana:

1. Ngenjongo yokudala indawo ekhuselekileyo.
2. Area.
3. imithetho Environmental.
4. Ubukho okanye ukungabikho kwabasebenzi kunye nabanye.

PA ephezulu isigaba

Ukuba into wokhuseleko zonke iinkqubo zendalo, bonke oovimba St. Petersburg ummandla iLeningrad uya kuba kudidi liphezulu iindawo ezikhuselweyo. Kufuneka babe abasebenzi yenzululwazi kunye, ngokufanelekileyo, ukhuselo karhulumente. Kule ndawo, awunako inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yezoqoqosho. Kwakhona, kukho imida engqongqo isikolo. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, olu hlobo loluka Nizhnesvirsky Nature Reserve.

Nizhnesvirsky Nature Reserve

Yaye yasekwa ngo-Juni 1980. Ziququzelelwe Museum-Reserve kwingingqi iLeningrad ukuze kulondolozwe izilwanyana abazizityebi kunye neentlobo ezinqabileyo izilwanyana ezikhoyo kummandla kulo mzimba eyodwa yamanzi njengoko Lake Ladoga, ngokunjalo:

• coast yayo;
• ezingqongileyo iinkuni ukuba uhlobo srednetaezhnom;
• kumgxobhozo;
• sites kweentaka zifuduka;
• zidala kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentlanzi.

Nizhne-Svirsky - a yolondolozo lwendalo kummandla iLeningrad, indawo yayo - indawo Lodeynopolsky. Ummandla kwindawo ekhuselweyo ngu 41 lamawaka. Iihektare.

Inkcazelo emfutshane ye egciniweyo

indawo I-Reserve lelakhe kwimigxobhozo, ukuba zibaluleke ngamazwe. Aphila ke indlu kweminwe zasemanzini. Isahlulo sesithathu lommandla ezikhuselweyo - umgxobhozo, okanye nje - le kumgxobhozo. Malunga 20 amawaka. Iihektare ehlanganiswa amahlathi. Amanzi of Lake Ladoga bobabo amawaka-5. Iihektare komhlaba yehlathi. Le ukukhululeka reserve uthe tyaba, kukho isanti beach nasentshonalanga kunye nemigxobhozo sigqibeke. Natural Reserve yommandla iLeningrad uphawuleka kwimihlaba podzolic, kugquba Bog-podzolic kunye Bog-nja-. Sibekele bucala isiqabu esizibona namhlanje, siya kwenziwa phantsi kwempembelelo yezi zinto zimbini:

• ukunyibilika i Valdai glacier;
• Inkqubo lake-nezikhukhula abekwe.

Imozulu kwiindawo apho Nizhne-Svirsky Reserve, lizwekazi, kunye nempembelelo koLwandle iBaltic. Ekwindla nasebusika esilawulwa kumntla-ntshona umoya, yaye zentlako-hlaza nezasehlotyeni - emazantsi-ntshona. Inland umzimba kwindawo ekhuselweyo amanzi, nto leyo ke egciniweyo kummandla Leningrad - Segezha echibini. indawo layo macala-15. km. Ubunzulu kakhulu - 5 m, ezantsi na wesanti. Amanzi echibini, nangona indawo yayo phakathi ubulembu kunye imigxobhozo, ecacileyo eliqaqambileyo.

Lo mlambo mde Nizhnesvirsky Nature Reserve - Segezha. Oku lulandelayo echibini. Amanzi ekukhanyeni kwakhe kuqala, uze emva koko kwindlela ngayo Esukelana Marsh emifuleni, kwaye mnyama ukuya emlonyeni. Ngokusisiseko, amadama babe imvelaphi yazo amadobo umgquba, ngoko ke amanzi emnyama kakhulu. The main amadama:

• Lake Ladoga;
• Lake Syarba;
• Bay Lahti.

Flora Nizhne-Svirsky reserve

Iyonke kwi reserve kukho phezu 1300 iintlobo zezityalo, uninzi lwazo ezisengozini kwaye kunqabile. Ekubeni Nizhne-Svirsky imi embindini ibhanti hlathi, kunye nezityalo, nto leyo esisityebi kuzo zonke iipaki eSt Petersburg kunye nommandla iLeningrad, kumba we hlathi avareji inxalenye yaseYurophu eRashiya. Malunga ne-80% yazo zonke amahlathi kwindawo ekhuselweyo - coniferous, ngakumbi ubukho imithi pine. Kodwa ukhule kwi Nizhne-Svirsky kunye nemithi amancinci zodonga ezifana:

• ezinde (ezintofontofo kunye povislaja);
• Aspen (ukungcangcazela yebhalsam);
• alder (grey namnyama).

Ukongeza, amahlathi ezincinane zodonga badla zibandakanya undergrowth kunye nemithi zilandelayo kunye namatyholo:

• sihlahla;
• viburnum;
• rowan;
• raspberry;
• currant omnyama;
• cherries nabanye.

Pine va kakuhle kumhlaba oyintlabathi. Emasimini echumayo ngakumbi esilawulwa nespruce - yaseYurophu kunye Finnish. yamahlathi ezesintu kakhulu ulihlwempu, amatyholo eyayilawulwa cranberries kunye noHeather.

Ukongeza kule izityalo zikhankanywe ngasentla, ukukhula, kunye nezinye abameli flora kwiindawo ezikhuselweyo, eziyiyo oovimba kummandla Leningrad. Uluhlu ezi zityalo:

• ingca iinwele;
• bracken;
• rosemary;
• aluhlaza;
• aluhlaza;
• inyibiba entilini;
• omfisi;
• nasemva Marsh et al.

Iminyaka yobudala avareji kumahlathi ngcu kweendawo ezikhuselweyo imalunga 85 eminyaka ubudala, nespruce - malunga 100 neminyaka. Xa bengakwazi ukufikelela kulo ngaphambili nokhupho sites zingafumaneka kunye neendawo ihlathi phambili ngakumbi ubudala - malunga 200 neminyaka.

Imigxobhozo, kuquka nelezihlambo Ladoga ichibi egubungele neengcongolo. Kuba nemigxobhozo willow ekhula kakhulu. It is:

• aquifolium;
• triandra;
• omnyama;
• filikolistnuyu et al.

Emahlathini ehlotyeni nasekwindla emva kwexesha lobuninzi egciniweyo kunye ezahlukeneyo akadliwa:

• mushroom emhlophe;
• boletus;
• izilinganiso indawo;
• greasers et al.

Ezinye iintlobo ze fungi zidweliswe kwiNcwadi oluBomvu: osinovik emhlophe cortinarius ezimfusa, polushnik ezinoboya kunye nabanye.

fish

Emilanjeni kunye namachibi kwindawo ekhuselweyo omiweyo ziintlobo 34 kweentlanzi ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomthetho iba suborder of ezinqinileyo, phakathi kubo ezizingelayo iintlanzi. Ngokukodwa, xa amanzi Ladoga itywina engqongwe kufunyanwa, kwaye zenza ujungujungu oku kulandelayo Svir Bay:

1. Pike.
2. Bream.
3. Sudak.
4. Sabrefish.
5. Iphezulu.
6. Rudd.
7. Wephimpi.
8. Roach et al.

Of sticklebacks intlanzi engaqhelekanga ukuze maziqatshelwe: i emithathu kunye Nineve.

Izilwanyana i Nizhne-Svirsky reserve

Museum-Reserve kwingingqi iLeningrad inee- abameli ehlabathini isilwanyana. Nje Nizhnesvirsky baloba iintlobo 348 ekuyo. Iindidi zasendle iqhagamshelene ngqo kwinkangeleko kunye nohlaza. Apha ngezantsi kukho iLeningrad Region, isilwanyana Reserve, ehlathini-yokuhlala hayi kuphela:

1. ibhere Brown.
2. Flying nomatse.
3. Dlebe.
4. Wolf.
5. Fox.
6. Mink.
7. Yasendle.
8. Beaver.
9. Rys.
10. Wolverine et al.

Zonke izilwanyana ezanyisayo ezibhalwe emdeni kweentlobo nowama-44. Iyantlukwano enkulu kweentlobo kweempuku - 17, amarhamncwa - 13. Kucacile ukuba ntle yezilwanyana zasendle uxhomekeke ngqo kwinani kweempuku, ngenxa yokuba ukutya kwabo. izilwanyana besikrekrethi yahlukile ngobukhulu, zezi:

1. protein Ordinary.
2. Muskrat.
3. Bank vole.
4. Mouse-baby njl

Ezinamaphiko Reserve Museum of kummandla iLeningrad ineendidi ngaphezulu kwama-250. Abaninzi kubo bahlala kwindawo ekhuselweyo okwethutyana, ngexesha yokwakha okanye yokufuduka. Phakathi kwazo kukho neentaka zidweliswe ezisengozini, zezi:

1. White-tailed ukhozi.
2. Nenkqo.
3. Black weNgwamza.
4. Filin.
5. Fritillaria.
6. Capercaillie.
7. Gray Crane et al.

oovimba Natural ummandla iLeningrad abe imali encinane ezirhubuluzayo. Lerhamba ziqhelekileyo kunye neentlobo ezintathu malovane.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-Nizhne-Svirsky Reserve liqulunqe iindlela abakhenkethi eziliqela, oqala nge-6 ukuya kwezingama-40 km. Omnye wabo - emanzini, kwaye abanye ngeenyawo. Iindlela ukunika ithuba lokuba siyibona futhi siyibulela bonke ubuhle bendalo yommandla Leningrad, uze uxhamle umoya ucocekile kude koohola bendlela kunye neefektri.