Lake Ladoga: inkcazelo, ubunzulu, isimo, intlanzi

Lake Ladoga - elinye lamaziko amatsha inkulu eYurophu. Kweli nqaku esifuna ukuthetha uphi Lake Ladoga, indalo kunye kwemozulu yomda wayo. Kuye iimpawu ngokwaneleyo umdla. Nature apha intle kakhulu.

Indawo Lake indawo

Uphi na Lake Ladoga? Inxalenye yayo ise-Karelia (unxweme neMpuma Koloni kunye noMntla) nakummandla Leningrad (mpuma, mpuma, kumzantsi). On Ugu ezi izixeko ezifana New Ladoga, Priozersk, Shlisselburg, Sortavala, Lahdenpohja Pitkyaranta.

Ladoga chibi ibekwe kwimephu ngexesha elinye kunye nakummandla Leningrad kunye Karelia. Kuyinto enkulu. Ukongeza, kukho kwakhona iziqithi. indawo Lake Ladoga yi 17.9 ezikwere zeekhilomitha, ngokukhuphela ngaphandle imimandla siqithi. Ibanga ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi kwi amabini, anamanci elinethoba km. awumise Its ebanzi kakhulu belikhulu elinamanci mathathu anesibhozo km. Agree ubukhulu encomekayo. Ngokwala parameters, unako ukuqikelela ukuba ummandla Lake Ladoga.

Ubunzulu ichibi kumantla isusela ukusuka asixhenxe namashumi amabini anamanci mathathu eemitha, yaye emazantsi kweemitha amabini ukuya asixhenxe. Njengoko ubona, ubunzulu Lake Ladoga na owahlukeneyo kakhulu, kwaye okubaluleke kakhulu kukuba kule kwinxalenye esemantla ichibi. A umthamo ubunzima yamanzi ezilithoba ukuya ezisibhozo cubic metres.

Imilambo kunye neziqithi Lake Ladoga

Ichibi ungena ezingamashumi amathathu anesihlanu imilambo. Kodwa kuthatha ukususela ekuqaleni nje omnye - Neva. Elunxwemeni akumazantsi edikeni apho kukho amathathu zokupaka ezinkulu: Volkhov, Svir kunye Schliesselburg lip.

Umfula omkhulu kunayo angangeni Lake Ladoga - Svir. Uyiphatha amanzi of Lake Onega. Nkqu imilambo ichibi flow ezifana Avloga, Maurier, uvuthuzayo, Ayrayoki, Vidlitsa, Obzhanka, Sjas, Olonka kunye nabanye.

Ndimele ndithi ukuba amanzi Ladoga Lake ayikho njalo. Yena rhoqo enyuka, yaye kuyamangalisa kubonwa izibopho ezimhlophe kwi ematyeni, eshiya amanzi.

Iziqithi Lake Ladoga baninzi ngokwaneleyo. Kukho malunga 660. indawo yabo iyonke yi amane anamanci mathathu anantlanu ezikwere zeekhilomitha. Kufuneka ke ukuba kwiziqithi abangaphezu kwamakhulu amahlanu ise kwinxalenye esemantla ichibi. Le ndawo enamatye.

Iziqithi inkulu:

1. Riekkalansari - 55.3 km. macala onke.
2. Mantsinsaari Island - 39.4 km. macala onke.
3. Kilpola - 32.1 km. macala onke.
4. Tulolansari - 30.3 km. macala onke.
5. UBhahali - 27.8 km. macala onke.

Eyona kakuhle ezaziwa ichibi siqithi Valaam. Lukwa Nqabakazi leziqithi amahlanu kunye ummandla elipheleleyo malunga namashumi amathathu anesithandathu ezikwere zeekhilomitha. Zaba waduma ngenxa Valaam weemonki, ibekwe kwi siqithi engundoqo kunye wokuzalwa of uNina woonongendi kwi siqithi Konevets.

Ibali kwechibi

Lake Ladoga zilahlwa kwi sokuhlambela, eye imvelaphi glacial ziitectonic plates. kwiminyaka emithathu okanye emine amakhulu ezigidi eyadlulayo, yonke indawo edikeni ngendebe yayo ugqityiwe ngaselwandle.

Isiqabu mihla lenzeka umsebenzi glacier. Eyona nto iphambili yaba utshintsho komgangatho wolwandle, kwabakho ukunyuka elizweni. Emva kokuba glacier ewuthile, kwakhiwa amanzi lweBaltic echibini glacial. Kamva kweli dama amanzi esele kummandla Switzerland yanamhlanje. Kwaye kwasekwa Sea Yoldia.

Ezisithoba ezinesiqingatha eliwaka kwiminyaka eyadlulayo ngenxa recovery komhlaba yabonakala Ancylus Lake. Karelian Isthmus, elidityaniswe yi abandezelekile evela Lake Ladoga. Kodwa anesibhozo kunye newaka anesiqingatha eminyaka eyadlulayo, iinkqubo ziitectonic plates oluqhubekayo ulivulile okubandezeleka Danish, uMbumbi noLwandle Littorina. Oku, kwakhokelela ukuvela kwi Karelian Isthmus, yaye, enyanisweni, ukwakheka Ladoga chibi. Ngaphezu ezimbini iwaka nesiqingatha minyaka idlulileyo isiqabu kwezi nkalo aliguqukanga.

Inxalenye esemntla edikeni kubekwe kwi kwiBaltic Shield, kumazantsi - eqongeni East yaseYurophu. It is at ekudibaneni yezi imiphezulu kukho ngumba onobunzulu ubuninzi Lake Ladoga.

iimeko zemozulu

Lake Ladoga abe kwimozulu epholileyo, njengoko ukwenza inguqulelo ukusuka elwandle yezwekazi ziingcathu ngokulinganisela. Ezi iimeko zemozulu zicacisiwe kakhulu nje. I indawo okuyo of Lake Ladoga kunye ejikeleza emoyeni ze loo mmandla kwakhokelela kwimozulu.

I Kufuneka utshilo okokuba ezi iindawo imihla emininzi kangaka kwelanga ngonyaka. Yaye ngenxa yoko, isixa kwelanga engena kwibala ayikho enkulu kangaka. Ngoko ukufuma ngokomphushu ngokucothayo kakhulu. Kuba iinyanga 12 kungenzeka zibe nje ezingamashumi amathandathu anesibini iintsuku enelanga. Uninzi kunyaka kulo mmandla esilawulwa imihla kunye lisibekele, imozulu welifu, ukukhanyisa udlulele.

Lonwabo ku Lake Ladoga isicwangciso ezingcono ixesha ukususela ngomhla wamashumi amabini anantlanu ka Meyi ngoJulayi 17, ngoko apha Nani linganisani kwelanga ezinzulwini zobusuku. Kule mihla, ilanga lihla ngezantsi kunina, kusasa nangokuhlwa, lakutshona ilanga zadityaniswa iyunithi enye. Ngokubanzi, ilanga ezinzulwini zobusuku ithatha malunga amahlanu iintsuku.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba Lake Ladoga ngokwayo unefuthe imozulu yendawo, iimpawu emlungisa obukhulu. Kuwo wonke unyaka, apha esilawulwa imimoya kumzantsi-ntshonalanga kunye ntshonalanga. sezulu cwaka ezolileyo kunqabile kakhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha uqhwithela lomoya zizalathisi.

Kunxweme kukho impepho ngemihla ehlotyeni nobusuku. Bona aqala ngo yethoba kusasa kuqhubeka de ezisibhozo ngokuhlwa. Yimpepho ingangena emhlabeni ngenxa leekhilomitha elinesihlanu. Fogs baqondisiswa kakhulu entwasahlobo, ekwindla ehlotyeni.

Eselunxwemeni echibini

Elunxwemeni of Lake Ladoga ingaphezulu ophosa. LwaseYurophu wasentla - wengxondorha, a zincopho zininzi, ukwakha peninsulas ezininzi iindawo ezivaliweyo kwiziqithi ezincinane, ezahlulwe kwiStraits.

South elunxwemeni lisephantsi. Lingaphantsi zenziwe yaye ngokufuthi ukufudumeza amanzi. Elunxwemeni ezilulwalwa ngokupheleleyo awase, iibhanki kunye ukufuna. Volkhov, Svir kunye Schliesselburg imilebe - matheku inkulu of Lake Ladoga.

kunxweme Eastern lungqamane encinane kakhulu. Kukho iindidi ezimbini Bay: Uksunlahti kunye Lunkulanlahti. Kule ndawo kukho amalwandle ezibanzi isanti.

kunxweme Western kwechibi nokuba ngaphantsi zenziwe. Kuyinto ngokupheleleyo iihagu exineneyo amahlathi engumxube kunye namatyholo, nto leyo lingqongwe ngokusondeleyo ngamanzi. Elunxwemeni enezinto nezinkulu placers. Stone Ridge ngamanye amaxesha uye kude ukusuka Cape of echibini emhlabeni, ngaloo ndlela kusenziwa ukufuna yingozi.

Le ukukhululeka phansi echibini

Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, isiqabu ka ezantsi edikeni, kwaye ubunzulu non-efanayo okwakubonakala ukunyuka ukusuka ezantsi ukuya entla. Sinokuthi kubunzulu umndilili dama liba malunga amahlanu eemitha, yaye liphezulu - imitha amabini, anamanci mathathu-amathathu (bekuyintsika ngasentla isiqithi Valaam). Lake Ladoga kumntla yanowo kolwabelo olungalinganiyo. It ugcwele ngokupheleleyo iintlambo. Kunye nakummandla emazantsi emazantsi Ubuthelezi, nangaphezulu. Lake Ladoga ukho kwindawo yesibhozo zinzulu amachibi eRashiya.

amanzi nokucaca chibi eyahlukileyo kwimigangatho eyahlukeneyo. Amazinga asezantsi kuvandlakanywa udini lwalo Gulf Volkhov, yaye liphezulu - entshonalanga isiqithi Valaam.

Ngexesha yamanzi emvula owawomelele elwandle, bathi, amathumba nezilonda, kuthiwa wambu ngokupheleleyo amagwebu.

Ice unako kuhlawulelwa kuphela ngundoqo dama, kwaye kuphela busika kakhulu. ixesha elide umkhuhlane kukhokelela amanzi olomeleleyo ukupholisa, ngoko amanzi chibi kubanda nkqu ehlotyeni. Yena uyakwazi warm kuphela umaleko eliphezulu zingcakacile, nesiqwenga elimxinwa unxweme. Iqondo lobushushu liphezulu amanzi kumphezulu ku Agasti, xa engamashumi amabini anesine degrees. Amanzi chibi acocekileyo, yaye, e-siseko, ecocekileyo ngokwaneleyo, ngaphandle kwezo ndawo apho kufuneka ukuba sibe stock ungcoliseko mveliso.

Ixabiso kwezoqoqosho chibi

Indawo uphi Lake Ladoga, nihle naye ebaluleke kakhulu kwezoqoqosho kweli lizwe. Isibakala sokuba eli chibi iinqanawa, kubalulekile ukuba le ngingqi. It sijongwa njengenye njengenxalenye kwamanzi olungundoqo, inxalenye iVolga-Baltic indlela kwakunye Sea White kunye nomzila eBaltic.

Uninzi lokuthumela emazantsi Lake Ladoga ukuya Neva kunye Svir. Ekubeni dama ineenkalo kakhulu, ngoko kukho ngokufuthi izaqhwithi, ingakumbi ekwindla. Ngamaxesha anjalo, yonke yokuthumela iyayeka ukuba ukhuseleko leenqanawa umkhweli.

Kuseloko lasekwayo Petersburg Lake yaba yinxalenye yenkqubo yezothutho amanzi ohlangeneyo eRashiya. Kuba kweenqanawa ngokukhuselekileyo kunye unxweme olusemazantsi wayebekwe Ladoga Canal. Xa ke akwanelanga, nkqu kwavula Ladoga channel ubude elinamanci mathandathu anesithoba km.

Ladoga Canal ngoku loma phantse ngokupheleleyo kwaye yene. Itshaneli yesibini, kwaye olu suku kunawo. Ebudeni bonyaka eli chibi abathuthwayo ukuya kwezigidi ezisibhozo iitoni imithwalo. On the Sea Baltic kunye iVolga iimveliso zepetroliyam izithuthi, izixhobo imichiza ekrwada, izixhobo zokwakha, iinkuni. Ngapha koko, Ladoga amashumi amawaka abakhweli abathuthwayo ngonyaka.

Ukusuka eMoscow, eSt Petersburg kunye nezinye izixeko Cruises abazinikeleyo (babakhenkethi) kwisiqithi Valaam kunye Konevets. Iinqanawa bayinqulayo Valaam Nqabakazi, zezona embindini amanzi echibi, nto leyo ayibonakali kude nonxweme. Ke kaloku nje yimimoya enamandla enokuphathwa ewa kakhulu.

Imiselwe umkhweli traffic Ladoga apho. Noko ke, kabini ngemini kwezinye iindawo ngexesha yokukhangela izikhephe alawulwa ukuhamba kuyo.

Intlanzi ezihlala amanzi echibini

Fish Lake Ladoga inexabiso yorhwebo. Ukuhlaselwa iintlobo ezilishumi, phakathi apho whitefish kakhulu ethandwa, ndiyabanyibilikisa, ripus. Impela kwiqashiso chibi walleye kunye whitefish.

Lonwabo ku Lake Ladoga

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba amanzi e Lake Ladoga uhlala ipholile ehlotyeni, etsala amanani amakhulu abakhenkethi. Njengokuba besesitshilo ngaphambili, kunxweme kukho kwiilwandle ezintle uyisanti. Phakathi abakhenkethi kukho ngasentla ingakumbi ithandwayo siqithi. Elona xesha lifanelekileyo ehamba phezu Kayak edikeni - ngoJuni nangoJulayi. A bit kufutshane kuwa ekuqaleni isaqhwithi, apho yimincili amanzi njengoko elwandle.

Apha echibini apho Nizhnesvirsky Nature Reserve. Le ibekwe phezu kodonga lasekunene lomlambo Svir. zone buffer - imigxobhozo mgxobhozo kubaluleke ngamazwe. Bona umdla kwi ukuba yokwakha neentaka zasemanzini kunye zifuduka. Kule ndawo baloba iintlobo 256 ezahlukeneyo zeentaka.

umdla Special gqitha ngabakhenkethi kwisiqithi Valaam. Yena, wayifulela ngokupheleleyo ehlathini. I siqithi i eMonastri omdala, leyo yasekwa kwi lesithoba-elinanye eminyaka.

Kwakhona aba bakhenkethi uthanda ukutyelela Konevsky siqithi apho kukho eMonastri. Eli gama le yindawo yi litye amahashe-ilitye, akhiwe apha. Kude ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, eli litye indawo umbingelelo. Le ingaka ibatsalayo engundoqo kwiCawa Yokuzalwa of ungowokubongwa Virgin, kuloo mmandla woonongendi.

nomlando

Novgorod kangangeenkulungwane ambalwa kwi Lake Ladoga yomkhosi nomi weenqanawa. ulwazi Geographic yafika beemaphu asentshona ngaloo mihla. Lake Ladoga kwimephu Moscow State wabonakala ngo 1544. Wenza umphengululi waseJamani Sebastian sasayinwa.

A umzobo of Russia Fedorom Godunovym wayilwa ngo 1600. Yaba elwandle isale ngesidanga olude eliphezulu ngokuchanileyo. Phakathi kwayo wenziwa ikhadi nje kuphela Lake Ladoga ngenkulungwane elinesibhozo, kodwa ijelo ngumntu.

Novaya Ladoga

Novaya Ladoga - omnye iilali kunxweme Lake Ladoga. Le ibekwe kwicala lasekhohlo Volkhov umlambo kuloo ndawo apho ayajika echibini. Esi sixeko yasekwa ngo-1704 woMlawuli uPeter Omkhulu. Kukho wahlala inani elikhulu ezikhumbuzo zembali enokuba umdla iindwendwe kunye nabakhenkethi.

Shlisselburg

Uqhekekile umzi omi phezu ngakuLwandle Ladoga. It yasekwa INkosana Novgorod uYuri Danilovich ngo-1323, nto leyo kwisiqithi yamantongomane wabeka inqaba ngamaplanga. Kamva, yena yathinjwa balwa, uyinike igama kwakhona Noteburg. Kwaye ngo 1702, le nqaba yoyiswa uPetros Omkhulu. Ke wawunika igama layo ngoku. Le dolophu kwakhona une ezinika yayo: Ladoga Canal, i Oreshek inqaba uPetros lesikhumbuzo Omkhulu, Cathedral le Annunciation, St Nicholas Church.

Priozersk

Ngelo xesha Karelian ityala sele owayephila kwinkulungwane yeshumi. Ngowe-1310 Novgorod emlonyeni koMlambo Vuoksi yakhiwa capital inqaba ebizwa Korela. Kamva yoyiswa balwa. Kodwa ke ngo-1710, waphinda waya uBukhosi Russian.

Lake Ladoga kunye nakwiindawo ezikufutshane - indawo umdla kakhulu abakhenkethi. Hayi nje ungabona ubuhle bendalo, uthathe uhambo isikhephe ukutyelela siqithi, kodwa ukubona ezikhumbuzo zembali ezigcinwe ixesha lethu.