Umlomo Lena River kunye nomthombo

Mouth umlambo Lena iqala km 150 ukusuka elunxwemeni loLwandle Laptev, emva kwayo, ngokudlulisela intsika siqithi wahlulwe ube nobuninzi flow (ngaphezu kwama-150). Ndingenabugwenxa nje, bagidime i fan enkulu kummandla ka-45 500 km ^2, ekusekeni tyaba ogudle umlambo zoqobo.

Masiqalise inkcazelo umlambo ukususela kwasekuqaleni - kunye umthombo wayo. Kulo mzekelo, uphawu parameters ziza kususwa ingcaciso ebhalwe ngokusesikweni Water irejistri Russian.

springhead

Small ichibi Negedeen, ngokutsho data evela kwirejista State ngamanzi, nguye umthombo Lena River. imilinganiselo Kuyinto km 7 ukusuka izimvu, esinga ngasentshonalanga emazantsi entaba ezingaphawulwanga Baikalsky Ridge ngophawu 2023 m source likwajongana lichazwa :. North ngama 53 degrees imizuzu 56 empumalanga nasentshonalanga 108 degrees imizuzu emi-5. Elulawulweni, le ndawo Kachug ezithili zemfundo kummandla Irkutsk. Iqala emlanjeni omkhulu yaseSiberia engatshiyo encinane ungaya kid seminyaka emihlanu. Apha Lena eziqhelekileyo peremerzaniyu zezifundo kukoma. Kodwa emva kokuba bathele kuyo imijelo yokuqala, oku iba flow rhoqo.

Imvelaphi kunye umlomo womlambo

Lena ise-Eastern eSiberia. Umlambo aqukuqela Irkutsk Region kunye Yakutia, ukuthatha nokungena ukusuka kwelentshona ye-izimvu, Buryatia, Krasnoyarsk kunye iyavuma.

Zero ixabiso kwaphawula ukuphakama emlonyeni lomlambo. Lena linobude kwi km 4294 - lo mgama ibhaliswe kwirejista kawonke yezinto zamanzi komhlaba of Russia. lehle Full ka-1650 m - umahluko watermark phakathi umthombo (1650 m) kunye nomlomo (0 m). Avareji icala yi-0.38 m / km. Enyanisweni, oku kuthetha ukuba zonke ngekhilomitha kwicala ukugeleza komfula kumphezulu womhlaba kuncitshiswa ngomyinge we-38 cm. Enyanisweni, ithambeka itshaneli kunye flow Velocity kwi efikelela kuyo umlambo zinkulu kakhulu ixabiso iimpawu ezinamanzi ze emlonyeni Lena River. Ezi mpawu ixhomekeka mmandla.

kufikelela Upper

Xa iimeko ezahlukeneyo izwe umthombo kunye umlomo lomlambo. Lena iqala kwinkqubo Predbajkalja ntaba, ngoko iqabele Patom Highlands, engena Prilenskoye yasethafeni, esehlela Central Yakut Plain. Ngoko ke ahamba ngokwemibandela yahlulwe-3 malunga alinganayo. Eyokuqala kwezi - efikelela kuyo i Lena, ukususela ekuqaleni ukuya ekudibaneni kwe Vitim River. Ubude yi km 1580. Umlomo ephezulu Vitim - 176 m, ke ngoko, i-avareji kwithambeka phezulu Lena 0,93 m / km. River yokulala eliphezulu athe ngokubhijela uba nokungena kule ntaba kwintlambo lexinene. Xa besondela Vitim uba ububanzi (ukuya km 2) zinzulu (12 m), maxa wambi zahlulwe phakathi kweziqithi kwisingxobo. Isigodi Umlambo azilingani uyayiphelisa indawo yayo ngomkhukula ngamandla ithafa Amathambeka ubabonisa ngaphandle kwiindawo ukuya kwi-30 km. Ibhanki ngasekhohlo abayi - nto Central Siberian Plateau. Ibhanki sasekunene ezantsi eweni, kwaye eliphezulu - oyintsusa Patom Highlands. Kumathambeka ngapha nangapha zizele hlathi, maxa wambi esikhundleni amadlelo.

umyinge

Le yinxalenye ubude 1415 km Lena imiqathango imilomo nemingenela ngobukhulu, ukususela intlanganisela Vitim (ukuphakama 176 m) kunye nesiphelo Aldan (mark of 72 m). Ithambeka avareji 0.074 m / km. Vitim Lena emva kokuba umlambo elibaleka-ngokupheleleyo. Emva ekudibaneni ngo 2089 km ukusuka emlonyeni woMlambo Lena Olyokma River uncipha intlambo. kunxweme ezilulwalwa, yakhiwa lekalika. Iintsika Lena - otvesny babe iimilo engaqhelekanga. In Pokrovsk Lena wakhupha uye entilini, intlambo ithanda ukuya ku-20 km okanye nangaphezulu, ummandla wezandyondyo lugubungela ngumcu ububanzi km ukuya ku-15. Azikhuli bomyinge wamanzi - 1.5 m / s ukuya kwi-0.5 m / s.

ehlayo

Ukususela umlomo Aldan noLwandle Laptev ukwandisa Lena asezantsi. Ubude yale nxalenye omlambo - 1,300 km. Nge ekudibaneni nemingenela enamandla (Aldana kunye Vilyuya) Lena Umlambo ingxilimbela. Ububanzi oononye-umkhono ubunzulu sakhe esililini 20 m egqitha-10 km, kwaye apho kukho siqithi Ukwakheka ifikelela km 25. emlanjeni omkhulu - ukuba uyehla ngenxa exandekeni kancinane, besenza ezantsi emlanjeni 0.05 m / km okanye ngaphantsi.

Umlomo Lena River

Amafoto evela emajukujukwini ebonisa ubuhle kunye ubukhulu komlambo olwandle inkulu somhlaba saseNtla. indawo yayo mkhulu emlonyeni wequla-eyaziwa Nile 20 lamawaka. ^km2. Enkcochoyini ogudle nentsika ka-siqithi, 150 km ukusuka elunxwemeni. Lena ndongeni wohlulwe ikhulu elinamanci mahlanu channel. Eyona projekthi inkulu ezi zintathu: Oleneksky (elivimbela ogudle ngasentshona) Bykovskaya (Mpuma) kunye Trofimovskaya (medium), apho wokuqhuba elwandle 70% bamanzi. Shipping ikhutshwa phandle Bykovskaya bile apho kwizibuko Tiksi.

Ukususela ngo-1986, umlomo Lena fumene newonga Biosphere Reserve Russia - Ust-Lensky. Le tundra yokuhlala ekhethekileyo, thaca iintlobo ngeentlobo ze Red Book of izityalo, izilwanyana, iintlobo-32. Apho mass yokwakha zasemanzini bebuyela apha nyaka ngamnye ukuze kuveliswe kunye kuhluma. Ichthyofauna ezahlukeneyo zizityebi.

zamanzi

Ummandla zokuqokelela amanzi Lena - million 2,49 km ^2. Umthamo wonyaka amanzi kwiminyaka ezahlukeneyo ukusuka 490 ukuya 540 km ^3. I-avareji Inkcitho yonyaka ukuze udonga umlomo umlambo Lena ekungabalwa 15.5 ukuya 17.8 amawaka. ³ m / s.

Dining River unike imvula, asasazwa luyimiqulu obumalunga ngokulinganayo phakathi zinyibilikile ikhephu nemvula. Isabelo recharge komhlaba akhawunti kuba ngaphantsi kwe-2%, nto leyo luchazwa imiqathango permafrost.

Kuba komlambo iphawulwa ngumsinga eliphezulu spring, bedlula izikhukula eziliqela enkulu ehlotyeni nasekwindla-ebusika amanzi aphantsi kunye nokuncipha amanzi kwimimandla esezantsi ukuya kwi 370 m ³ / s.

Ice Lena eyahlukileyo kwezinye imilambo ngomaleko omkhulu womhlaba ze ice esiqatha ayasekwa ebusika ikhephu encinane elide yaye kubanda. Xa sifika aphezulu ixesha ngaphandle ice egubungele umlambo ihlala ukuya kwiinyanga ezintandathu emathafeni - inyanga okanye ezimbini ngaphantsi. Owayevunyelwe-up kwenzeka ekupheleni eliphezulu-Oktobha, kwaye esezantsi - ekupheleni kukaSeptemba. Yavula ice ziqala ukusuka phezulu ukuya kumbindi ngoMeyi, yaye ngoJuni - emlonyeni le Lena River. Elingaphaya iimitha ngaphezu kwenqanaba tide elisezantsi ufikelela amaxabiso aphakathi kwe-8 no-18, ebangela izikhukula yeendawo eliphantsi kunye kwiimeko zongxamiseko kwi zokuhlala ecaleni lomlambo lo mlambo.

ekumeni unique

ubuhle ye nobutyebi bendalo njengoko umthombo kwaye umlomo Lena River, umxhelo. Kodwa look unxweme kakhulu ezisemagqabini kwi "Pillars Lena" National Natural Park, i UNESCO World Heritage Site. Lena Iintsika ukuqala kwi-180 km ukusuka Yakutsk enhla wandise ngenxa iikhilomitha ezininzi ngaphaya kodonga lasekunene, kwaye kwezinye iindawo phezu kodonga lasekhohlo.

Yokwakheka komhlaba izenzeko rocks calcareous slantwise ukuya m-200. Fantastic uchaza iintsika Wayizisa hlonipho Indoda yakudala, yaye kuyanconywa abakhenkethi mihla. Omnye ummangaliso intaba isulungekileyo kwaye ilula elibaleka esantini-tukulans. Emlonyeni Deering Yuryakh yokufika Ndifumene indoda kokubhalwa kwembali. Xa park wafumanisa iifosili ubomi bamandulo: iintsalela omkhulu, inyathi kunye imikhombe.

legends umdla unokuviwa ukusuka balapha kanye umlomo Lena River. isixeko komhlaba kunye ezitalatweni kunye nezibane obungunaphakade, bendawo, ifumaneka kufuphi eselunxwemeni lolwandle. Kufuneka nje ukufumana umnyango mfihlakalo. Kwakhona ndawuxelela ngesigqibo sama loo siqithi kwisithuba enkcochoyini olwandle ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II inkwili German uzolala.