I Valdai National Park: Inkcazelo

umhlaba Russian utyebile kwiindawo ezintle kunye nenkangeleko ezizodwa. Mhlawumbi, yaye ubomi akwanelanga ukubona zonke emehlweni abo. Lake-ihlathi complex le Valdai Hills usindiswa kukuba xa ekupheleni Valdai National Park yayiququzelelwe kwinkulungwane XX apha.

indaba

Yintoni ezahlukeneyo ukuze kule ndawo? Kukho inani elikhulu ezikhumbuzo zenkcubeko nezembali lommandla Novgorod. Kumaxesha amandulo, izizwe Slavic yayihlala kummandla epakini. Inani leendawo zakudala ukuba aye alondolozwa kule ndawo nje emangalisayo - asibhozo anesibini le nto! Le zokuhlala kunye nokungcwatywa zokungqinga, iinduli nemizana, kwakunye njengoko iisayithi yamandulo enxulumene iinkulungwane 7-6 BC.

art isitiya imelwe ezikhumbuzo ezisithoba - manors yamandulo kunye neepaki. Ungabona Kwakhona 22 lesikhumbuzo elikhethekileyo izakhiwo oqingqiweyo ka kwiinkulungwane 17-19. Umakhi olukhulu ngenkulungwane elinesixhenxe, NA Lions wadala kummandla uCatherine Church. Namhlanje nasezindlini Museum of History of Valdai. Selvitsky Island Lake Valdai ukusuka 1653 likhaya Svyatoozerskaya Iver uMama kaThixo Monastery.

Uyazikhumbula Valdai National Park kunye neziganeko zembali ezibalulekileyo. cross Ignach ibekwe kufuphi Yazhelbitsy. Kulapha Batu wajika nempi yakhe, ngaphambi kokuba Novgorod.

Geography nenkcazo

Le paki ukwakweli ummandla Demyansk, Okulovskaya kunye Valdai mmandla lommandla Novgorod. Le ndawo ukuba singene - engaphezu kwewaka ezikwere zeekhilomitha (ngakumbi kanye - 1585).

I Valdai National Park biospheric enkulu kunye nokubaluleka eziphilayo. landscapes Lake-hlathi yomlambo ephambili eYurophu, leyo kwakheka ngenxa glaciation lizwekazi, ngenxa kuyo akhuselwe. Ice esentabeni gquma mphandle inikwa lonke uzuko lwayo. Lo mmandla ubonakala zazihamba, yaye ngenxa yokuba apha kukho umahluko omkhulu ukuphakama kwayo phakathi iindlela ezahlukeneyo komhlaba. Zisebenzisane umfanekiso kumathafa ezingqongileyo, nto leyo iphucula isiphumo kuphela.

Valdai Hills yinxalenye edikeni-laseSamariya indawo ebanzi - i-District Lake. Zonke ezi mpawu zithathelwa ingqalelo kuyilo yento efana Valdai National Park. Inkcazelo bakhe babe njengezingaphelelanga ukuba anithanga ayichaze into yokuba ubaleka ngathi oneribhoni ecaleni axis iphambili yenduli, ndisolulela-100 km ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi. Kulo mzekelo, oko kuquka iqela elikhulu edikeni, bathimba kumantla Lake Seliger, kwakunye amadama ezincinane phantse ama-200. Eyona idumileyo - Lake Valdai, esiqithini apho sele wabhekisela woonongendi, kunye Vella kunye Borovno (Baqhayise iilwandle amahle kunye ebanzi Pleso).

Ummandla okhethekileyo ohlala phantse ikota indawo yale paka Valdai. Kulapha, phezu komlambo Polomet River, wayeqhuba izifundo kweenkqubo mzila. iziphumo zabo bamele igalelo elibalulekileyo kuphuhliso izazinzulu Russian kwi iziseko eziphilayo kunye nenzululwazi amanzi.

Flora

flora isityebi Valdai National Park. ummandla wayo linokubizwa ngokuba kwiindawo eziphila eMpuma Yurophu. izityalo ePhakamileyo thaca apha 750 iintlobo. Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba kukho iintlobo ezinqabileyo - no-79! Phakathi kwabo ibalaselisa ezinye orchid, kwakunye nangabameli beSebe ngeentyatyambo, babeziindawo apho - amachibi glacial. iintlobo zezityalo elinanye ezidweliswe kwi-Red Book of Russia.

Ishumi elinesihlanu lamawaka hectares sanikelwa emathafeni. Notyani iquka iintlobo emahlathini: nespruce, pine kunye ezinde. oki Northern umlotha, uHazel, ingca Kwakhona kuyenzeka. Phantsi yehlathi abelwe 86 ekhulwini le ndawo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba izityalo enemithi zimelwe iintlobo 57, apho inkcubeko - 15, kwaye zasendle - 42.

kulona

Valdai National Park (Russia) waba yokuhlala uhlobo 45 kweentlanzi, iintlobo-180 zeentaka kunye neentlobo-50 ezincancisayo. Kwezi ntlobo 32 zeentaka - ezifudukayo, yentaka abanye ngoko nangoko. Abaninzi kubo ngamandla okanye ezinqabileyo;

- ngookhwalimanzi;

- Merganser Common;

- curlew;

- crane ndiyingwevu;

- nyoni gray.

Ukongeza, i-Red Book Russian zibandakanya ukhozi, inyoka njengexhalanga, nefubesi njengexhalanga, nengwamza abamnyama kunye nabanye.

Ukuba sithethe lomqolo ilizwe, isiseko sabo bhere, nembila, marten, impungutye, ingqawa, yasendle, iielk, nembila kunye nezilwanyana ndichitha yobomi bakhe emanzini: Inja, emlanjeni otter, vole amanzi, ngoboya. Zininzi ezahlukeneyo iintlobo amadada. Kwi wonke ummandla epakini Valdai omiweyo yi kweengcuka. Amachibi isityebi iintlanzi: zeCARP, whitefish, Pike, burbot, bream, Pike-zakhele, zakhele, Roach, nguyá, njl Iyonke abahlali amanzi apha kukho iintlobo-40, kuquka ezinqabileyo: komlanjana trout, komlanjana lamprey, bullhead kunye grayling yaseYurophu.

sezulu

Le ndawo enye apho Valdai National Park iphawulwa kwimozulu epholileyo. Ezi meko kuba nempembelelo entle iyantlukwano izityalo kunye nezilwanyana indalo.

I-avareji lobushushu wenyanga obubanda -10 degrees Celsius, kunayo yonke - +16. avareji yonyaka - degrees 3 Celsius. Snow obugubungele intsimi Valdaisky park iintsuku 140, ukuphakama inshorensi wayo ukufikelela 45 cm Ixesha frost-free -. Iintsuku 128.

"Valdai" ukutshintsha ekhawulezayo yemozulu iphawulwa nepaka yesizwe. I-Valdai (Russian) Eyona rhoqo waphawula umoya wasezantsi, Koloni naseMzantsi-ntshonalanga.

ukhenketho

Ukuya park Kulula kakhulu ukusuka kwizixeko ezinkulu Russian - St. Petersburg eMoscow. Kungenxa yoko le nto iqukiwe kuluhlu kakhulu batyelela. I Valdai National Park - kuba yindawo Rally babakhenkethi, apha iminquba zabantwana, njl

iimeko Wonderful zidalwe abakhenkethi. Bona basoloko belindele izindlu zeendwendwe ezininzi. Nganye kwezi sayithi 80 abakhenkethi ukuhlalisa abantu abane nekhulu. Kuba lula zeendwendwe - iseti ubuncinane ifenitshala ehlathini kuquka iitafile kunye ezo. Ukongeza, ukuba imigqomo yenkunkuma, izindlu zangasese kunye nendawo le ucinezelo imililo. Kwisiza ngasinye ezinjalo, ungafumana i ukuma ulwazi, apho iidilesi yonxibelelwano kunye nemigaqo yokuziphatha epakini.