Nepiranha intlanzi: incazelo neefoto

Piranhas - izilo kwiimovie kunye namabali eyoyikisayo, abemi ezincinane kodwa amagazi amanzi Amazon kunye neminye imilambo eMzantsi Melika (Colombia, Venezuela, Paraguay, Brazil, Argentina). Kwaye yintoni esiyaziyo ngabo? Mhlawumbi nto. Ngapha koko, ulwazi ayiphelelanga uhlobo enye kuphela - nepiranha ebomvu-bellied, nto leyo yenze iimina igama elibi.

Kubonakala ngathi nepiranha intlanzi?

Nepiranha usapho ineendidi kancinane ngaphezu kwama-60 iintlanzi. Kwaye, Isimanga, inkoliso yabo - ezi uhlaza, zaphantse musa ukutya isilwanyana. Imilinganiselo ixhomekeka kuhlobo piranhas, ezidla ukufikelela ngokubanzi-30 cm, yaye izihlobo zabo-inyama unokufumana ubunzima ezibalulekileyo kwaye ukhule imitha ngaphezu kwesinye ubude. Imibala kwakhona kuxhomekeke kudidi, kodwa ubukhulu becala isilivere-ndiyingwevu, kodwa Kwasephakadeni iba mnyama. Imilo umzimba rhomboid ophezulu, yokuxazulula zixinaniswe. Ukutya esingundoqo amarhamncwa - iindidi zeentlanzi amatsha, piranhas udle izilwanyana okanye iintaka, apho zifumaneka endleleni. Kuba izilwanyana ezitya izityalo eziphilayo Amazon kunye nemingenela yawo niphuphuma iinto izityalo ezahlukeneyo, singadani, ezi ntlanzi kunye namandongomane, imbewu, kweyela emanzini.

emhlathini isakhiwo

Ukuze nepiranha luphawulwa isakhiwo okumangalisayo izixhobo umhlathi, mhlawumbi nanto kwindalo. Ilungiselelwe zonke iinkcukacha intle. Amazinyo ukuba imilo elingunxantathu nobungakanani 4-5 mm ipleyiti kunye elibukhali njenge blade incakuba, waguqa kancinci ngaphakathi. Oku kwenza ukuba ngokulula besika inyama ixhoba, nihlinza amaqhekeza inyama. Ngaphezu koko, amazinyo ephezulu nesezantsi kungena ngokugqibeleleyo sinus xa uvala nemihlathi, ukudala nzima. Olu phawu ivumela ithambo nepiranha ezilumayo. Xa uvala imihlathi zivaliwe ngathi emgibeni. Ngokutsho izazinzulu zophando lwakutshanje, umkhosi iqatsela 320 Newtons, kwaye akukho ukufana ehlabathini isilwanyana. Nepiranha imihlathi ukufaka uxinzelelo nge unomntana, malunga amaxesha 30 ubunzima bayo.

Kuhlale piranhas?

Yeyona abemi amanzi eMzantsi Merika. Amazon lugxile isihlanu amanzi acocekileyo, umlambo uzele ziintlanzi ezahlukeneyo. Piranhas ahlale yonke ubude emlanjeni yaye umbandela amavo ezininzi kunye namabali abahlali bendawo. Yezandyondyo komlambo ithatha intsimi enkulu, inxalenye enkulu bobabo eBrazil, kodwa ngaphandle koko, Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia kunye Peru. Piranhas qete kwaye kwezinye imilambo, areolas zokuhlala zazo kummandla kwelizwekazi South American likhulu kakhulu.

Kutshanje, kuye iintlanzi ethandwa kakhulu ukugcinwa ekhaya zizalele nakuzo. Nepiranha kwi akwariyam lukhule ngaphantsi ubukhulu ababa ukuba indawo yemvelo, yaye abanye baphelelwe ubuvila zabo. Okumangalisayo kukuba, kunye imbonakalo egrogrisayo enjalo, baba kwindawo esekhusini nibasekele ngokufuthi efihliweyo kwimikhukhu ngumntu.

Zonke piranhas iintlanzi zimanyene intsapho kwaye yahlulwe ngokwezi yokuhlela umyezo ibe subfamilies ezintathu.

subfamily of myelin

Myelin - iqela elikhulu, iquka kwisizukulwana ezisixhenxe neentlobo-32. Kuyinto piranhas herbivorous nibe kakhulu (bona ifoto). ukutya feed isityalo Fish. Imibala-tshintshwa, kuxhomekeka iintlobo. umzimba shape Uphawu, yokuxazulula zixinaniswe kunye phezulu. Xa abaselula abantu kombala zesilivere-ngentsimbi, kunye namaqondo awohlukeneyo mottling ukuba ukukhula itshokolethi emnyama kuse. Ubungakanani aqala ku-10 ukuya 20. amalungu amaninzi ale subfamily ezifuyelwa ngo-akwariyam. Kufuneka umthamo omkhulu wamanzi kunye nendawo ngokwaneleyo ukufihla, njengoko iintlanzi kakhulu eneentloni. Aquarium le nepiranha subfamily myelin liya kuziva okulungileyo xa amaqondo obushushu amanzi 23-28 degrees, nedayethi mihla kufuneka iquke lettuce, ikhaphetshu, isipinatshi, ertyisi kunye neminye imifuno. Ezinye iintlobo zasendle nokutya amandongomane, ngokulula kokusasaza umhlathi enamandla iqokobhe layo okuqinileyo.

Black pacu - ummeli ezikhanya of myelin

Mnyama pacu (okanye shirokotel Amazon), omele kakhulu adumileyo subfamily of myelin. Ukongeza, nayo inkulu: imilinganiso ziyahluka ukusuka iisentimitha-30 ukuya kwimitha enye nangaphezulu, kuba konke ukuba akukho utshaba. abadala umbala kakhulu ezindilisekileyo, omdaka-mdaka, kodwa abatsha umbala yesilivere ezininzi amabala wonke umzimba wam kunye amaphiko ezimibalabala. Meat Black puck unohlobo elungileyo kwaye isetyenziswa yi kubemi balapho. Le lokuloba nepiranha. iimeko Aquarium nabo, nabo, zifaneleke kakhulu, kodwa ubungakanani sentlanzi kuya kuba ngaphantsi kancinane kwindalo, i-avareji malunga ne-30 cm, baphile - kwisithuba seminyaka eli-10 okanye kunjalo. Okuqulethwe lolu hlobo kufuna itanki enkulu (200 iilitha) kunye kakuhle.

subfamily Katoprioniny

Le subfamily imelwe ziintlobo enye kuphela - iflegi nepiranha. Fish kakhulu engeyongozi kwaye nendlela poluparazitichesky yobomi, ukutya zazo eziphambili - oko siyaqabela ezinye iintlanzi, nangona uhlobo kwezi Abahlali amanzi kakhulu okubi, yaye ngaphantsi ubuzaza noogxa babo ezidla. Form piranhas iflegi diamond-ezimilise, atshabalalisa yokuxazulula. Umbala scales - ezingwevu-green kunye Ndileka ubuhle. Uphawu lisahlulayo phambi kwindawo ebomvu kuqweqwe dj. Umtha lokugqibela ezimpundu kanye amaphiko amaphiko ukuba side kakhulu, lo gama nomsila - ingcambu black umbala. Ubukhulu mancinane, kuphela 10-15 cm.

Le ntlanzi, ngathi nepiranha eqhelekileyo yaye isalamane yayo ekufuphi, ikakhulu ekutyeni (60%) has a wokutya kwezityalo, ne-40% kuphela ezi intlanzi encinci. Kodwa ayigcine kunjalo kufuneka eyahlukileyo kwezinye intlanzi, okanye ezincinane kakhulu ukuba kudliwe, kunye nengozi enkulu ishiywa na engenamaphiko onakeleyo ngenxalenye ngaphandle esikalini. Njengoko i-feed isilwanyana zingasetyenziswa Shrimp encinane okanye intlanzi, yimisundululu, nesityalo - amagqabi isipinatshi, lettuce, amarhawu neminye imifuno.

subfamily Serrasalminy

Ezi amarhamncwa ezona zizwe, subfamily limelwe nje uhlobo olunye kunye neentlobo-25. Bonke batya ukutya kwezilwanyana: intlanzi, izilwanyana, iintaka. Nepiranha subfamily ubungakanani Serrasalmina unako ukufikelela ukuya kwi-80 cm, efikelela ezinobunzima 1 kg. Le isoyikiso sokwenene izilwanyana (singasathethi iintlanzi), apho ubukhulu lingaba ngaphezu izihlandlo eziliqela, kodwa oku akuthethi ayeke nepiranha. View kumarhamncwa ezincinane ngokwenene eyoyikekayo: emhlathini asezantsi kakhulu kuphuma phambili yaguqa kancinane phezulu, amehlo ewayo, rounded imilo uphawu caba komzimba. Amanzi ke bakhetha ukugcina imihlambi, kodwa kuhlaselwa isenzo ixhoba ngokuzimeleyo ngalinye enye, ukuze awukwazi ukuba eli qela oluhlangeneyo yeentlanzi. Piranhas basabela njani intshukumo emanzini, itsale ingqalelo yabo. Xa omnye wabo ixhoba, indawo nangoko umhlambi ukuphumla. Ngaphezu koko, kukholelwa Izazi ukuba piranhas ukuvelisa izandi, ngaloo ndlela edlulisela inkcazelo omnye komnye. Bangumhlambi piranhas nga okwemizuzu embalwa ukushiya ithambo yedwa isilwanyana.

Ulwazi malunga yokuba bayakwazi ukuziva igazi kumgama ukusuka ixhoba, - inyaniso. iintlanzi nepiranha bahlala emanzini sobumnyama Amazon, kwaye kulindelekile ukuba kwafuneka ukuba ziziqhelanise nemiqathango yenkungu ngenxa - ingqiqo ephuhliswe kakuhle nokuba seyiphi. ngokwenene Piranhas sisondela igazi, kuba umqondiso malunga imbonakalo kwixhoba.

Ukongeza, ukuba ngaba bangafuni nenkqo kunye nabazalwana babo abagulayo okanye ababuthathaka. Kuba izilwanyana kunye nabantu bamele ingozi kweentlobo nje ezimbalwa.

nepiranha ebomvu-bellied

Ummeli idumileyo, kuyo musa ayeke ukuthetha - le nepiranha ebomvu-bellied. Ubude ngamnye kule iintlobo ukufikelela ukuya iisentimitha-30, kodwa ubukhulu becala ke ubukhulu palm kwabantu. nepiranha Ordinary (ifoto ngezantsi iintlanzi) abe umbala oluhlaza-isilivere kunye nobuninzi amabala ezimnyama kuwo wonke umzimba, ngomhla esiswini lwezi zinto scales uye namona kuphawu epinki. Zihlala imihlambi abantu malunga nekhulu.

kwiminyaka yakutshanje kwaye imixholo ekhaya zithandwa kakhulu nepiranha ebomvu-bellied. iimeko Aquarium negalelo buthathaka ubuvila. Kodwa akwariyam kusafuneka a eyahlukileyo.

nepiranha abamnyama

Le enye imboniselo ukusuka subfamily Serrasalminy, aqheleka kakhulu indalo laye liyathandwa zizalele ekhaya. Yokuhlala - umlambo Amazon kunye Orinoco. Imilo umzimba rhomboid, kwaye umbala mnyama, emnyama kunye nesilivere. Esiswini sentlanzi oselula olulubhelu. Black nepiranha - irhamncwa zezitya kwi ezityiwa konke okulungileyo: intlanzi, arthropods, ngempazamo yeyela emanzini lwe intaka okanye isilwanyana. Le ukulalana ekutyeni kwaye kwakhokelela kwintabalala yabo eliphezulu emanzini Amazon. Nangona banqande khangela elingezantsi nepiranha kuloo nto ibomvu-bellied. Aquarium akucela intlanzi, kufuneka enkulu, iilitha ezingaphezu kwama-300. Xaka siyifumana kulinywa nepiranha wokulwa ngokunxulumene nesebe ngalinye. Veliswa kusenokwenzeka ukuba ngumzi usapho ndandazile, ngenxa yobuninzi yokutya isilwanyana abatyebe kakhulu, nto leyo inokuba sisithintelo elibalulekileyo ukuvela wenzala. Kwifoto - le nepiranha emnyama.

Intsomi One: nepiranha ukuhlasela indoda

Umenzele bahluke nzima, kuba idatha kakhulu ziyaphikisana. Izazinzulu ezininzi Izazi, abaye bachitha Amazon ngaphezu konyaka, zange ubungqina uhlaselo, ukongeza, bona ngokwabo, sekubonakala ukuba ingozi ngenxa olu lingelo, ahlambe emanzini sobumnyama omlambo, apho imizuzu embalwa ngaphambi kokukhwela piranhas, kodwa kokuhlaselwa hayi ilandelwe.

Kangangethuba elide, andiva ibali malunga ibhasi kunye basekuhlaleni, ngubani aqhawuliweyo omnye omlambo Amazon, nabo bonke abakhweli bavalelwa zityiwa piranhas. Imbali zenzeka kwi 70s kwenkulungwane lokugqibela, abakhweli 39 babulawa, kodwa wakwazi ukubaleka. Ngokutsho ngawabo, imizimba amaxhoba 'ngokwenene zonakala kakhulu piranhas. Kodwa ke xa kujongwa ukuba nokuhlasela nokuba kuthe esifanelwe kukufa, oko akwenzeki.

Kukho imithombo ethembekileyo iziluma kunxweme Argentina xa uhlaselo lokuqala iintlanzi. Kodwa ezi sasikwanti amatyala. Izazi uchaze oku ngokuthi ukuba nepiranha, leyo ujungujungu nje iqala nokuphakama ngexesha elwandle, ukwakha iindlwane emanzini anganzulwanga. Ngoko ke, ukuziphatha enjalo intlanzi kakhulu zendalo; bona ukukhusela abantwana babo.

Ukongeza, ezi piranhas zezona eziyingozi kakhulu ukuba abantu kunye nezilwanyana nangamaxesha embalela, xa lithe inqanaba lamanzi emifuleni ubuncinane wayo, nto leyo echaphazela ukutya kwabo: yokutya iba ngaphantsi. Abantu balapha bazi oku kwaye ningangeni umlambo ngeli xesha. Eyenzwe ithathwa ilixesha lemvula, xa nokuphuphuma lomlambo.

Intsomi ezimbini: ukuhlasela nepiranha in iipasile

Amabali malunga ukuhlaselwa emibi yonke iseti ye-pack, loo nto lonke ixesha lokufundisa seliphantse ukugqitha bhanya phawu ezininzi. Eneneni, abantu ezinkulu musa ziye kukhangela inyama emlanjeni, bemi endaweni enye, ngokuqhelekileyo emanzini. Fish ulinda kwento eyibambileyo, kwaye kamsinya nje livela ixhoba, lo nepiranha uthunyelwa kwindawo ekunene. Ezitsalwa ingxolo kunye nevumba igazi, bangxame kunye nabanye. Piranhas ubabalweyo ukuba kuzingela ixhoba kunye nezokhuselo lutshaba - njengoko izazinzulu ezininzi nikholwe. Ibiya kuthetha ukuba umntu ukuze kubenzakalisa? Noko ke, utshaba nkqu intlanzi yokuphanga. Nepiranha, sihlanganisana emfutshane, akhusela yi dolphins komlambo, nto leyo ukondla phezu kwabo, kwaye azinabungozi yaye unobubele kubantu. Ngaphezulu koko, phakathi iintshaba endalo nepiranha - arapaima kunye caimans. Lokuqala - intlanzi enkulu, egqalwa phantse ezimbiwa ophilayo. Ngokumangalisayo, izikali enzima-umsebenzi, iluphawu isoyikiso sokwenene piranhas. Fish, ezenzeka zibangele, waba lixhoba arapaima nangoko. Caiman - ibutho encinane ngabameli Iingwenya. Izazi baye baqaphela ukuba kamsinya nje imadlana inani caimans, ngoko nangoko kwandisa inani piranhas emlanjeni.

Intsomi ezintathu: piranhas kuvela emanzini Russian

Iziganeko zenzeka ngokoqobo ukuba, kodwa ke ngenxa yokuba ukuziphatha okanye bathanda intlanzi akwariyam akholosileyo, mhlawumbi ukubaleka ngabom singene echibini. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ixhala lilize. Nangona piranhas kanye ngokugqibeleleyo ukuzivumelanisa naziphi na iimeko, into engundoqo ubukho babo ngempumelelo uhlala efanayo - imozulu efudumeleyo kunye namanzi (phakathi 24-27 degrees), nto leyo kweli lizwe lethu akunakwenzeka.

Kakade ke, le ntlanzi yokuphanga. Piranhas ziyingozi olubawayo kakhulu, kodwa amabali ngazo rhoqo kakhulu singazihoyi kwaye iyintsomi. Uluntu lwemveli of the Americas uye wafunda ukuba ahlalisane nama piranhas wada wenza kubo iintlobo ekujoliswe. Nature akazange adale into engento; ukuba kweengcuka - oko orderlies amahlathi, le piranhas ukuba enze imisebenzi efana kumaqumrhu yamanzi.