KuLwandle Black emanzini: izizathu kunye neziphumo ze-dubulo

Umntu yinxalenye yendalo. Kunokuba nobabalo, ubuhlobo kuthi. Siya kusela amanzi, ukuphefumla umoya, sifumana ubushushu kunye nokutya kokusingqongileyo. Yeyona umthombo wobomi bethu.

Kodwa iplanethi yethu anganika nje ubutyebi babo ebantwini, kodwa nayo intshabalalo, usizi nasekusweleni. Iinyikima, imililo, izikhukula, neenkanyamba kunye mlilo ibango ubomi babantu abaninzi. Iintlekele zendalo emanzini kuLwandle Black. Kula manzi kakhulu.

Kufutshane ukuya kuLwandle Black na ukuba imzisele ntlekele kubantu abaninzi. Zeziphi ezi meko ezahlukeneyo, nendlela siyiphephe, uzithabathe izazinzulu. umbono wabo umdla ukwazi wonke umhlali kwisizwe sethu kunye nehlabathi.

Yintoni emanzini?

Ngaphandle engena ifomula imichiza, cinga oko iipropati emanzini. It is a gas enemibala emihle, nto leyo lubonakala ngokuba esitalini sulphur compound kunye hydrogen. Oku kutshatyalaliswa kuphela kwiqondo lobushushu ngentla 500 ° C.

Kuyinto yityhefu zonke izinto eziphilayo. kuphela ezinye iintlobo amagciwane sisinde kule meko. Gas eyaziwa ivumba layo uphawu amaqanda, leyo zibolile. Ekwalelayo enezityalo nezilwanyana emanzini ichithiwe apho emanzini. Amanzi oLwandle Black aligcine kukuninzi. zone sulphide hydrogen nje impressively omkhulu.

Kuye kwavulwa 1890 NI Andrusov. Noko ke, ngaloo mihla lalingekafiki ezazi ngokhona kucokisekileyo into izixa iqulathe la manzi. Abaphandi kwehliswa kubunzulu obahlukeneyo bezinto yesinyithi. I-hydrogen Iimpawu sulphide amanzi ndiyizalele emanzini layer emnyama. Ngoko ke, kukho uluvo lokuba le ulwandle got igama layo ngenxa yalo msebenzi yamanzi alo.

Iimpawu oLwandle Omnyama

Kwezinye abantu, umbuzo ngulo: apho emanzini kuLwandle Black? Kodwa ke, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba oku aseluphawu kuphela kule ndawo. Oku abaphandi igesi ukufumana kumalwandle amaninzi kangaka kunye namachibi ehlabathini lonke. It oluhlala kwiingcamba zendalo ngenxa yokunqongophala kwe-oksijini kumanzi enzonzobila.

iqhubeka Organic, wayetshona ukuya ezantsi, musa oxidize kwaye ukubola. Oku kukhuthaza ukuyilwa igesi enetyhefu. KuLwandle Black unyityilikiswa 90% kunobukhulu amanzi. Ngaphezu koko, isenzeko maleko olungalinganiyo. Ngaselunxwemeni iqala kubunzulu-300 m, kunye nakumbindi sifumaneka kwinqanaba 100 m. Noko ke, kwezinye iindawo oLwandle Omnyama inwebu amanzi acocekileyo sikhulu kangako.

Kukho enye imfundiso ngemvelaphi emanzini. Abanye abaphengululi bathi ukuba amiliswe ngenxa umsebenzi ziitectonic plates mlilo, osebenza emazantsi. Kodwa abaxhasi ingcamango yebhayoloji abangakumbi.

Intshukumo kwabo amanzi

Kwinkqubo wokuxuba yenkitha yamanzi ukuqhubekekiswa, itshintsha ifomu hydrogen wayo emanzini kuLwandle Black. Izizathu apho kunjalo olunazo, imiphakamo obahlukileyo etyuwa. Le Ingaphandle kakubi kakhulu ugalelwe, njengokuba ulwandle akanawo izithuba ezaneleyo olwandle.

ezimbini kuphela limxinwa emxinwa lula inkqubo yokuchaza amanzi. Bosphorus inxulumanisa oLwandle Omnyama kunye Marmara kunye iDardanelles - lweMeditera. Ukuvalwa kwechibi kukhokelela ekubeni kuLwandle Black kukho etyuwa ka 16-18 PPM. izihlwele lothuli luphawulwa esi salathisi kwinqanaba 34-38 PPM.

Sea Marmara lisebenza njengomthetheli phakathi kwezi nkqubo zimbini. ophelelwe wayo 26 PPM. Amanzi ungena Marmara ukuya kuLwandle Olumnyama utshona ukuya ezantsi (njengoko inzima). umahluko lobushushu, lexinene etyuwa ungqameko kukhokelela yokuba mix ngokucothayo kakhulu. Ngoko ke, hydrogen emanzini oluhlala ngenani zendalo.

ecocatastrophe

Emanzini kuLwandle Black waba ndaba ingqalelo izazinzulu ngenxa yezizathu eziliqela. Imeko bume sibi kakhulu kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje. khulula Kuku inkunkuma evela awohlukileyo kukhokelele ekufeni iintlobo ezininzi ulele, kwizidalwa. Baqala ke ukuba ezilalisa emazantsi ngokukhawuleza. Kwakhona, izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba, ngo-2003, yatshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo iyikoloni ulwelwe ebomvu. Le flora uvelisa malunga 2 million cubic metres. iimitha ioksijini ngonyaka ngamnye. Oku kwaqhwalelisa ukukhula emanzini.

Ke kaloku nowethu engundoqo igesi enetyhefu ayikho. Ngoko ke, kwezenkolo ochaphazelekayo malunga nemeko ekhoyo. Logama nje loo nto asongele ukhuseleko lwethu, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha kungaba kwiqamza irhasi kumphezulu.

Xa utsalela emanzini hydrogen kunye nomoya iqhume. Yena utshabalalisa bonke ubomi radius udubulo. Akukho namnye ecosystem akakwazi ukumelana izenzo zabantu. Oku kuzisa i ntlekele enokwenzeka.

Ukwanda elwandle

Xa imbali kukho iziganeko ebuhlungu, xa wavutha umlilo kwamanzi olwandle. Isiganeko esibhalwe okokuqala ngo-1927 ngo-25 km ukusuka Yalta. Ngeli xesha esi sixeko yatshatyalaliswa yinyikima enamandla amanqaku ezisibhozo.

Kodwa khumbula ukuba abahlali nangoku ezichaphazelekayo nomlilo eyoyikekayo ezachaphazela izithuba amanzi. Abantu ngoko babengazi nto lo mlilo Sea Black. Emanzini, kukuqhushumba leyo ebangelwa umsebenzi ziitectonic plates, weza komhlaba. Kodwa Kwiimeko ezinjalo yenzeke kwakhona.

Emanzini, eshiya umphezulu zibekwe ngasemoyeni. Oku kukhokelela-dubulo. Kunokuba ndiyitshabalalise imizi yonke.

Umba lokuqala yesiqalo kunokwenzeka

I-dubulo eyayiza ibango ubomi bamawaka, izigidi zabantu yaye zonke izinto eziphilayo kummandla ochaphazelekayo, kunokuthi kwenzeke kunye okuba eliphezulu. Nantsi nto. KuLwandle Black emanzini ayenziwanga kusetyenzwa, baba okusuka banciphise amanzi acocekileyo. Uluntu ibhekisa ngxaki kukungakhathali. Kunokuba asebenzise ubugcisa xa kusingathwa igesi enetyhefu, siya Ukumanyanisa amanzi amdaka. Inkqubo ukubola mandundu.

Ifowuni, uwele oyile negesi imibhobho kuLwandle Black. Bona zonakala, kwenzeka umlilo. Oku zingabanga uqhushumbo. Ngoko ke, imisebenzi yabantu oya kuthathwa njengomntu umba yokuqala ntlekele kunokwenzeka.

Unobangela lwesibini dubulo

Iintlekele zendalo angangunobangela wokuhlaselwa ukwanda. umsebenzi ziitectonic plates kule ndawo azikho ingaqhelekanga. Emanzini emazantsi oLwandle Omnyama nga anokuphazamiseka yinyikima okanye mlilo. Izazinzulu zithi ukuba namhlanje intlekele efanayo, ngoSeptemba 1927, i-dubulo bekuya kuba namandla kangangokuba bekuya kuba yabulala amanani amakhulu abantu. Okulandelayo, emoyeni kwakuya kuba omkhulu sulphur esibi. Acid imvula ziye elininzi lokonakalisa.

A umaleko obhityileyo amanzi acocekileyo iya ezincinane. Ingakumbi kufutshane kumphezulu emanzini hydrogen efanelekileyo kumzantsi-mpuma woLwandle Black. Xa ukuqhela zomhlaba rocks kule ndawo inokuba yintlekele embi. Kodwa ke ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-dubulo kunokwenzeka nawuphi na ummandla.

Le Intlekele Isizathu sesithathu

Olindelwe lo maleko amanzi acocekileyo yolwandle kunokukhokelela uphuphume ezizenzekelayo yokuphuma igesi enetyhefu ukusuka embindini. Indawo kuLwandle Black njengoko emanzini, akumangalisi. Imiba ephambili imandundu yokusingqongileyo ziye ziqwalaselwe ngaphambili.

Izazinzulu zithi ukuba onke emanzini hydrogen, wahlala ezantsi, uvuke kumphezulu, lo dubulo aya kuthelekiseka kunye nefuthe Ibhanti ubungakanani isiqingatha inyanga. Oku kuya kuba ntlekele womhlaba ngonaphakade utshintshe ubuso emhlabeni wethu.

Kwezinye iindawo, igesi enetyhefu ngokuza kumphezulu kumgama-15 m. Izazinzulu zithi kweli nqanaba emanzini hydrogen ngokwayo ubalekela endaweni ekuhambeni iziphango yasekwindla. Kodwa le ntsingiselo nangoku ezothusayo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, le meko, ngelishwa, iya isiba mandundu kuphela. Ukususela kumaxesha ngamaxesha, ukuze lwaseYurophu izikhonkwane inani enkulu intlanzi kwabafileyo, ezibanjiswa ilifu sulphide hydrogen. Kwakhona ofayo kwizidalwa, ulele. Esi silumkiso aqinile ubuntu le ntlekele ezayo.

ezibangelwa ezinjalo

igesi enetyhefu zifumaneka emizimbeni amanzi amaninzi ehlabathini. Oku ayisiso isenzeko eyodwa, nto leyo luphawulwa emazantsi yoLwandle Black. Emanzini sele negunya yayo ebulalayo ebantwini. Ukususela imbali, ungafumana ulwazi malunga amashwa ezinjalo.

Umzekelo, eCameroon, kwilali kunxweme Lake Nyos babulala bonke abantu ngenxa irhasi lokuphakamisa ngaphezulu. Abantu abo babamba isibetho, yafunyanwa ngexesha ziindwendwe lali. Le ntlekele athi ubomi ngo-1986 1746 abantu.

Kwiminyaka emithandathu ngaphambi kokuba iziganeko abalobi Peru hamba uye elwandle, wabuya ngaphandle ayigange. imikhumbi yabo abamnyama ngenxa ifilimu oxide. Abantu indlala, njengoko wafa labemi enkulu yeentlanzi.

Ngowe-1983, ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwayo, amanzi oLwandle oluFileyo iye mnyama. Yayibonakala bandinikela ikhosi, kunye emanzini ukusuka ezantsi lenyuka ukuya kumphezulu. Ukuba inkqubo enjalo kwenzeka kuLwandle Black, bonke abahlala kwiindawo ezingqonge wayeza kufa kwi-dubulo okanye yityhefu yi umphunga oyityhefu.

Simo namhlanje

KuLwandle Black emanzini esoloko iyazibonakalisa ngayo. Upwelling (ukwenyuka flow) kuphakanyiswe yeegesi kwi kumphezulu. Bona eqhelekileyo eCrimea, ummandla neAsia. Kufuphi Odessa ingaqhelekanga ukuba ukufa mass iintlanzi liwubethileyo ilifu hydrosulfide.

A kakhulu imeko yingozi xa ezi ukukhutshwa kwenzeka xa kukho isiphango. Umbane wabetha eziko enkulu, ingqondo umlilo. Ivumba amaqanda ezibolileyo, ukuba abantu baziva, kubonisa yokudlula xi obuvumelekileyo kwezinto eziyityhefu emoyeni.

Oku kunokukhokelela ityiwe nkqu nokufa. Ngoko ke, ukuhla komgangatho wemo engqongileyo kufuneka kubonwe yi kuthi. Amanyathelo kufuneka athathiweyo ukunciphisa uyondelelwano lwee- emanzini emanzini Sea Black.

Iindlela zokusombulula le ngxaki

Iingcali nokuphuhlisa iindlela ezininzi ukususa i emanzini hydrogen kuLwandle Black. Group Kherson inika zesayensi zisebenzisa igesi, zibe kukudla. Ukulungiselela le njongo umbhobho uvikivwa ukuya kubunzulu, kwaye xa amanzi kuvuselwa kumphezulu. Kuya kuba ngathi uvula ibhotile champagne. Ulwandle kugalelwe irhasi baphekela. Ukususela kulo mlambo incamatheliswe emanzini kwaye esetyenziselwa iinjongo zorhwebo. Ngexesha ukutshiswa igesi okhupha izixa ezikhulu ubushushu.

Enye ingcamango kukuba ukwenza nomoya. Ngokuba lo umbhobho nzulu Ukunatyiswa lesitofu amanzi acocekileyo. Kuye ezixineneyo ophantsi yaye ziya kukhuthaza ukuxuba lamanqanaba zaselwandle. Le ndlela iye yasetyenziswa ngempumelelo akwariyam. Xa usebenzisa amanzi avela amaqula izindlu zabucala ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka ukuba balihlambulule ukusuka emanzini hydrogen. Kule meko isicelo nomoya ngempumelelo.

Yiyiphi indlela ukukhetha nto kubaluleke kangaka. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo - ukusebenza ngesisombululo iingxaki zokusingqongileyo. KuLwandle Black emanzini zingasetyenziswa ukuze kuzuze uluntu. Ziba evela akanakuba le ngxaki. Ukuntsonkotha kwisigqibo sayo iya kuba intshukumo ngengqiqo. Ukuba ngaba uthathe amanyathelo kanye ngoku, intlekele enkulu enokwenzeka ekuhambeni kwexesha. Okusemandleni ethu ukukhusela kwaye ukuzikhusela ngokwabo kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo ekutshatyalalisweni.