Kazakhstan ngexesha Enkulu Patriotic War. Kazakh Amaqhawe IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic

Ekupheleni kukaJuni 1941, amajoni aseJamani ahlasela eSoviet Union. AmaNazi ingqalelo eli dabi njengenyathelo elibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokwakha litye lesikhumbuzo German ukusuka Atlantic eSiberia. ESoviet Union yaba lilizwe beentlanga. Xa imfazwe ababandakanyekayo iintlanga ezahlukeneyo. Angawaconganga awasemvelweni zokulwa, yaye umda Kazakhstan. Le republic ekuqaleni edabini unobuqili enkulu yendalo kunye nabantu. Cinga indima edlalwe yi Kazakhstan kwiminyaka IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic.

Isishwankathelo zembali yi pre

Nangona yokuba engamashumi amabini edlulileyo ayiphumelelanga kubetheleleke ngokupheleleyo utshintsho kwiSocialism, endleleni eya kule njongo iye wenze lukhulu kuye. Ngokukodwa, kwithuba imfutshane ingcinezelo bobukoloniyali kunye zikazwelonke sele ziphelisiwe, nokubhala ephakathi nakwinkqubo. Ngelo xesha ziye zasekwa ukulingana phakathi kwamadoda nabafazi, uxolo nemvisiswano phakathi kwezizwe. Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kule bonke izithethe zesizwe omzabalazo. Kuba eminyaka, abantu Kazakhstan u sirhelele ngempumelelo imida emaqeleni. Ngexesha kumzabalazo yobukoloniyali kuba revolutions ezintathu kulwakhiwo lwezicwangciso nyaka emihlanu kunye fronts ngxabano yoluntu esekwe yaye ziyaqiniswa kakhulu nobuhlobo ngamazwe. nempembelelo enkulu awasebenzisa abantu abaninzi ubuxoki anti-zwilakhe.

Kazakhstan ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic

Ngokufutshane echaza imo kwiriphabliki ngexesha uhlaselo ngamaNazi, kufuneka ungenise ezinye manani. Ukungqinelana kwiziphumo zobalo lwabantu olwenziwe 1939, kwakukho yezigidi 6.2. Man kweli lizwe. Xa inani umkhosi owehla malunga 1.2 yezigidi nendima ekhethekileyo ekuphumezeni injongo efanayo -. Le lokukhululwa USSR umhlaseli - wayedlala Kazakhstan kule minyaka Enkulu Patriotic War. Amafoto thaca kweli nqaku zibonisa ukuzimisela abantu ukuba beze ukuziphendulela lokhokho. Urhulumente waseSoviet, banikwe ngamava tsarist udale amaqela okwakha ezizodwa kunye nomkhosi yabasebenzi. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho abameli bomthonyama Central Asia and Kazakhstan. Xa iyonke ke wawuqokelela ngaphezulu kwama-700 amawaka abemi ziiriphabliki emaqandeni.

imo yoqoqosho

uqoqosho Kazakhstan ngayo kule minyaka IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic phezu kwinqanaba lophuhliso ngempumelelo. Ukuze asebenze kushishino zokhuselo, kunye ngaphambili wathunyelwa wonke ummi yesine lizwe. Noko ke, oku akuzange kumthintele uphuhliso ngakumbi loqoqosho lwesizwe. rates vivo High baba ngenxa yobume lezolimo kuqoqosho, ipesenti enkulu kumafama abakhoyo. Enye into ebalulekileyo kuye kunyuswe nencwadi eqela labasebenzi kwicandelo zokhuselo ngoomatshini kwezolimo.

ngokwakha zithako

Kazakhstan ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic (1941-1945 gg.) Created iinxalenye kunye unxulumano ngqo endaweni yayo. Isambuku abahlali bathelela izenzo nomkhosi njenge noMlondolozi ngayo wemvula. KwiRiphabliki amahashe ezine kunye nomkhosi elinambini iyantlukwano, imikhosi ezisixhenxe, malunga omahlanu ithathele elahlukileyo regiments yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo majoni kwasekwa. Uninzi kula maqela sele zisekiwe njengoko uxhulumaniso kazwelonke. Senziwe phezu isicwangciso ngokugaya la malungu phantse isiqingatha wayebunjwa amalungu Komsomol kunye wamaKomanisi. Phambi angayi emkhosini, baye banikwa iyunifom kunye nezinye izinto eziyimfuneko kunye nezinto eziqulathwe kule mali mali lwesizwe, kwakunye iminikelo yokuzithandela evela eluntwini.

enemidlalo

Kazakhstan ngexesha Enkulu Patriotic iMfazwe (1941-1945) wenza igalelo elibonakalayo ekuqeqesheni abasebenzi kunye namagosa egciniweyo weenqanawa kunye nomkhosi. Amaziko emfundo ezikhethekileyo zaye zathunyelwa ngaphezulu kwe-42 amawaka Kazakhs. Khona ngexesha yamaziko zomkhosi emfundo kweli lizwe wavelisa amagosa malunga 16 amawaka. Kazakhstan ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, kwakunye neminye imimandla yeli lizwe, ngokukhawuleza liguqulelwe kwicandelo lezoqoqosho kumgca ukuzithethelela. Ngokukodwa, iindleko kuncitshiswe ukulungiselela iinjongo uxolo. Uninzi lwamashishini kutshintshelwa imveliso iimveliso zokhuselo. Kubo aba machining izixhobo, abasebenzi kunye nezinto.

zishiye abemi

Wanyamezela iimvavanyo ezininzi Kazakhstan ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic (1941-1945). Ingashwankathelwa kuphela yinxalenye ubunzima ezifunyanwa ngabantu ithuba ngxabano. Ekuqaleni yenkcaso kweli lizwe siyifumene ikhusi, indawo kwi ezintlwini, ukusebenza ngaphezulu kwe-500 lamawaka abasuka kwimimandla yasentshona. E Kazakhstan ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic yaye safika malunga 970.000 baseJamani abuyiselwe nezibonda. Abaninzi kubo bahlala ezilalini kunye needolophu. Kwiindawo ezisezidolophini ngelo xesha ingxaki yezindlu kakhulu abukhali. ukuqhubela wakhe kwasekuqaleni waloo mfazwe. Ngenxa yoko, omnye ummi ngowe-1940, mayibalwe kuba akukho square metres ngaphezu 5.1. m, kule minyaka ilandelayo -. 4.3, yaye kwezinye izixeko baze ngaphantsi.

kuxinizelelo lokutya

Kazakhstan ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic wabona kukho ukunqongophala nokoyika ukutya. Ukufika kwabo kwimarike yehle ngomyinge izihlandlo 7-15. Ngelo xesha amaxabiso okutya kunye necessaries anda izihlandlo 10-15. Ngenxa yale nkqubo yaqaliswa ikhadi unikezelo isonka kunye nezinye izinto eziyimfuneko. Ingxaki ukutya negalelo ukwandiswa ulimo ngamnye kunye neefama womnatha. Ngenxa yemigudu odibeneyo kubantu kunye neenkokheli zase-kwiriphabliki yakwazi ukoyisa le ntlekele. Ngenxa yoko, ngobuninzi khange kufikelelwe, kodwa abemi bakwazi ukufumana ubuncinane i iyonke afunekayo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zaseprayimari.

iinkampani kuthuthwa

Ukubeka imveliso evacuees wayengomnye izinto ezibalulekileyo hlengiso angasemva. E Kazakhstan 220 mveliso banofuduselwa ngexesha Enkulu Patriotic War, ookopolotyeni, iindibano zocweyo, imizi-mveliso kunye nokuhlanganisa mveliso. Kamva, 20 kwezi zinkampani reevakuirovany. inani eliphezulu kwimveliso yokutya, le mveliso ye eyolukiweyo kunye namashishini ukukhanya. ukubekwa ngokuqhelekileyo luqhutywa ngokusekelwe kwamashishini yesizwe. imveliso evacuees abaninzi zaziswa ungxamile, kwimimandla abangaqeqeshelwanga, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha phantsi uphahla. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kwabakho uhlengahlengiso zemveliso elingekho ngaphambili kuphela ukukhululwa, kodwa imveliso wokhuselo entsha.

Ulawulo kwabasebenzi kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni

Kwiminyaka embalwa yokuqala kumzabalazo wokulwa Fascism, njengoko nexesha elongezelelweyo kwisithuba collectivization, iifama zikarhulumente akhiwa amasebe zopolitiko entsimini yezityalo kunye itrektara imikhosi - commissars ezopolitiko. Ezi bayayenza amagunya aneleyo ebanzi. Babekwazi kutshutshiswe abantu abo bayigxekayo akazange azalisekise izithethe disorganisers ingqalelo banganeli kungasebenzi. Okungqongqo umsebenzi ulawulo emaphandleni, ukubandakanyeka omkhulu kwabasetyhini kunye nabantwana ukusebenza, ukunciphisa izixhobo zobugcisa iifama karhulumente kunye nemibutho yabasebenzi, ukunciphisa, kwaye kwezinye iindawo, yaye ukumisa yokuhlawulwa iintsuku, lenzwinini iinkomo zobundlobongela, intshayelelo kweerhafu kwabuchaphazela ubume yabemi. North Kazakhstan bebulawa kwiMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic. Ukuncedisa neekhomishini zoluntu karhulumente kwasekwa kummandla Aktobe. Ngokungqinelana imeko igunya Commissariats kunye neqela labo yolawulo iye yandiswa yaye ziyaqiniswa uxanduva yayo loo meko kwishishini. Ngenxa yoko, kakhulu inciphise inani leentlanganiso, ukwanda ukusebenza kunye ukuphendula. Noko ke, ulawulo iye ityekele ekugcinweni angqongqo ngokugqithiseleyo. Oku lula yi utshintsho kubomi engaphakathi, ukukhuthazwa yenkohlakalo ihlelo ubuntu. Ukongeza, ifuthe kunye kwisenzo kwiminyaka edlulileyo, ukukhuthaza ukuyilwa imizimba non-siseko. Ngokomzekelo, kwimimandla Akmola kunye Semipalatinsk iikhomishoni obungaqhelekanga zadalwa kunye kathathu. Bayithatha phandle isikhokelo kokutyala, wakhokela ukubekwa evacuees, zokulwa umlilo njalo njalo. Pavlodar, Karaganda Region, Eastern Kazakhstan ngexesha Enkulu Patriotic War, wayesebenza kulawulo ngokwaneleyo irhabaxa. Kwezinye iindawo, siya kusetyenziswa iindlela ngezikweko lwabasebenzi.

ukhuseleko loluntu

iindlela eziyimfuneko kunye nemikhosi zange nje ulondoloze, kodwa ke uphuhliso impilo, imfundo, inzululwazi kunye nenkcubeko Kazakhstan. Ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, abongikazi kunye noogqirha ye le ndawo nje kuphela nako ukunika izinga eliphezulu yerhafu ngokusebenza abagulayo nabenzakeleyo, kodwa kwakhona ukuthintela ukusasazeka esifo yesifo, kunye nezinye izifo. Inkqubo yezemfundo iye yahlala phantse ingatshintshwanga. Noko ke, ngokuphawulekayo zasinciphisa inani labafundi. Oku oqaphelekayo ingakumbi kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni. Kakhulu ngayo amaziko enkcubeko. Malunga ikota kwiiklabhu wanikwa kwizibhedlele kunye namashishini mveliso. Ngaphezu kwanciphisa inani lamathala eencwadi kunye fund ncwadi iye yehla nge kwisinye kwisithathu. Inani zemiboniso kweli lizwe kuhlala ingaguqukanga. Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi kula maziko kuye kwakho utshintsho olukhulu qualitative. Eyona ezibalaseleyo iziphumo kwimisebenzi bhanya. "Kazakhfilm" kwabunjwa emva ezimbaxa Alma-Ata, iLeningrad kunye eMoscow Studios. Owona uncwadi yesizwe omzabalazo. Kazakh Amaqhawe kweMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic iye aculwa iinkosi ezifana Auezov, Shukhov, Snegin, Dzhabayev. Abanye ababhali ngokwawo phezu kumgca ngaphambili.

ngaphambili

Kazakhstan ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, kwasekwa Defense Fund. Wawuhlanganisa iminikelo yokuzithandela evela kubahlali. Ngo-Oktobha 1943, ubukhulu bayo kufikelela kwizigidi 185.5 engange ngemali eziinkozo kunye 193.6 yezigidi iindleko iqhina. Iphulo laqaliswa ukuba kuthengwe matanki ngwenya. Ukuqinisekisa i Army Kazakhstan ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic undithumile 480 mln. Hlikihla. Imali iyonke igalelo weRiphabliki, kunye neendleko zokuboleka kwi ezintanjeni, zokungcakaza kunye nezinye ingeniso yaba pakani 4.7 billion .. Ezi mali bahlanganise iindleko ngqo ukulwa imfazwe iiveki ezimbini.

I izithonga zokuqala kotshaba

Ukususela kwimihla zokuqala ngxabano kuwo onke amanqanaba ye nomkhosi, leyo wayesilwa phakathi kwamawaka Kazakhs kwakhokelela kwidabi eshushu amaNazi. Eyokuqala wathabatha kwengqumbo woonogada umda. 485 beemboniselo, imida zokukhusela, ukuhlasela lutshaba. ukumelana ibonwe yabonisa abavikeli i Brest Fortress. Iyunithi elikhuselayo yazinyaswa ngabameli iintlanga kwe mathathu USSR. Amajoni balwa ngesibindi Naganova Lieutenant webutho njengenkosana Tiraspol Tower. Kule mpi kwaba Turdyev oboya - amaqhawe esizwe Kazakhstan kaThixo. Ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II, amaqela esizwe, ngubani babesilwela kummandla Lithuania, Estonia kunye Latvia, zibonisa ala ukuhlasela iintshaba.

Battle for eMoscow

Nomkhosi, silwe nobunzima, wakwazi ukuba asinde nje kuphela, kodwa kukukhwezela, kumbangele into elihlazo ukuba utshaba kwidabi kufuphi ingqukuva. Indima olulodwa abayidlalileyo longquzulwano kwiCandelo 316th phantsi kobunkokheli uMajor General Panfilov kunye Commissioner egorova. hero Abasebenzi libonisa ukuqala i iikhompawundi kwitanki yotshaba. Ihlabathi liphela uyazi ukuba feat ongenakufa 105 fighter webutho, abo unako ukutshabalalisa izithuthi 18 utshaba, hayi ngokugqithisa ukuya ngasempuma. Kwaba lelo xesha ke Political Igosa Klotchkov wenza ibinzana, phambi itshazile: "Russia na ilizwe enkulu, yaye akukho baleka ngasemva - Moscow". Ngenkalipho balwa amasoldati Division 316th. Ngexesha umlo owabulala Panfilov. ukumelana ezizodwa kunye ubuqhawe kwi Idabi eMoscow ezabonakala abalwa phantsi umyalelo webutho, kunye nomkhosi Karpov ekhokelwa Baurdzhan Mamysh-uly. Battle waba lutshaba, imikhosi bawo noludumileyo kane. Kuba inyanga iphela iye ekulweni enzima. Panfilov wakwazi ukoyisa amaqela ezine German. amajoni feat akazange aye ubunkokheli kuyaqapheleka. Kuba anobukroti Division 316th ukuba uhlelwe abalindi 8, uqabe phezulu phezu ibhaso - Order of the Red Banner. Ngesicelo ababelwa ngokukhawuleza yathiywa emva yinkokeli umfi.

Sokuthimba amajoni

Ethetha iimfazwe Moscow, umntu akakwazi ukulibala ubuqhawe tsu Tokhtarov. Engena kwikomkhulu lwamaNazi kwi n. Borodino, wakwazi ukuba amtshabalalise amagosa ezintlanu German. Tsu Tokhtarov wafumana itayitile Hero kokufa kwakhe. Iqela gunners ngomatshini, owawukhokelwa Malik Gabdullin, ihlaselwe kwamatanki amaNazi kwaye ingakhutshwa kuphela kwisebe bume. Phezu feat inkampani politruk wawongwa kwisihloko hero. Le lali kufuphi Serpukhov, phezu kweenxweme Oka, wafa Ramadan Amangeldy. Le gunner machine kwi kumlo yakutshanje wabulala lishumi amaJamani ebomini babo. gunner Amangeldy submachine wayebunjwa kwiCandelo 238-th. Kuba ukuqina nokuzimisela xa kuthethwa ngexesha lohlaselo, umbutho kunye nengqeqesho, eli candelo wafumana IMbasa oluBomvu Banner, kwaye aguqulwe 1942 kungena Guards.

Ekulweni kufuphi eLeningrad

Ukususela ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba 1941, i Kazakhs abafake uwaphule ukuqapha. Ingakumbi, le yokulwela 310 we elihamba, kwaye ngoko ke Division th 314, nto leyo lasekwa Kazakhstan. Amajoni bakwazi ukuba ziphumeze ilahleko elinzima phezu yotshaba. La majoni inxaxheba kwinkululeko zokuhlala ngaphezu amabini kummandla iLeningrad, ukuqinisekisa ukuba uqhagamshelwano nge "mpumalanga", wabeka kunye nendlela namanye amajoni 'ubomi. " Ngexesha Okwemfazwe, nomququzeleli iqela Baimagambetov wasiphinda feat Matrosov. Kuba lo nguye wawongwa kwisihloko hero. Inkalipho baye babonisa kwinqanaba eliphezulu amajoni uqeqesho kwiBaltic Fleet. Commander Admiral Tributs kwileta yakhe kubantu Kazakh wavakalisa umbulelo kweli lizwe ngenxa yabantu yena wamvusa, waphawula ubuqhawe ngamajoni, inkalipho labo kunye nokomelela. wekhondo abasibonisa iimfazwe esixekweni kwi Neva mkhosi Koibagarov. Xa umyalelo wakhe isebe th 5 inkampani 1236 webutho 372 th zamabutho Division. Amajoni bakwazi ngokukhawuleza phambili, benze iindinyana kwi minefields yotshaba ukuvimbela ndlu. Koibagarov umphathi kuqala kuqhwithela ngaphakathi kothango lweenqwelo zokulwa, ephethe amanye amajoni ngasemva. Kufuphi Leningrad walwa isizukulwana yesithathu Kazakhstan.

movement kwaqala

Nangona isibindi unyamezelo, eyabonisa ababelwa ngaphambili, imfazwe xa nisaqala yokuphuhlisa indawo ebuhlungu kakhulu ngenxa yabantu Soviet. Ukususela kwimihla zokuqala yokulwa kwakukho intshukumo yabanqolobi. Ngenxa ubunzima bayo kwaye umbutho obubalaseleyo, kwakunye nokungeniswa kwezicwangciso wemisebenzi umyalelo yiSoviet, iye Ndizuze ngokubaluleka ekhethekileyo qhinga. Intshukumo kwaqala sele kakhulu kakhulu Kazakhs. Ngenxa yoko, eLeningrad ngezigaba kukho ngaphezu kwamakhulu amabini, kwingingqi ESmolensk - ngaphezulu kwe amabini, anamanci mahlanu, Belarus kunye Ukraine - malunga amathathu amawaka.