Imiqathango yokunikezelwa kwe-CPT. Ukuhanjiswa kwimiqathango ye-CPT

Ukuhlaliswa kwezinto kwiminyaka yakutshanje kuye kwaba yintlupheko yophuhliso. Oku kuququzelelwe kukukhula kwezinye ukuphuhliswa kwemimandla, ngoko ke ukubaluleka kokuthuthwa kweempahla kulo lonke ilizwe kuye kwanda. Ngokuqinisekileyo, inani labashishini abathanda ukukwenza oku landa kakhulu.

Ukuqala komsebenzi onjalo kunzima kwiimpawu ezininzi kukuba abantu abathandul 'ukuxubusha abaqhelekanga abaqhelekanga ukucinga izinto ezinobunzima, ezininzi zazo zibaluleke kakhulu. Umzekelo, imiqathango yokunikezelwa kwe-CPT. Ekubeni umthamo wehlabathi usetyenziswa ngokubanzi kakhulu, ngoko kubalulekile ukwazi malunga nazo zonke iimpawu zabo.

Inkcazo yemeko

Kwizenzo zehlabathi , iinjongo zeenkonzo ze- CPT zithetha ukuba umthengisi uyavuma ukuhambisa impahla kumthengi ohlawule ukuthenga, kodwa kungekhona ukuthunyelwa. Le nto ibalulekileyo yolu hlobo lokuthutha: umthengisi uthatha yonke imbopheleleko malunga neendleko zeenkonzo. Umthengi, naye uyavuma ngokugcwele nayo yonke ingozi.

"Umthumeli" kulo mzekelo othile uthetha nayiphi na into esemthethweni okanye esemthethweni enokuthi (phantsi kwemimiselo yesivumelwano) ihambise impahla ngeendlela, umoya, ulwandle okanye ezinye iindlela zothutho ezibonelelwe kumaphepha. Ukuba imigaqo yokunikezelwa kwe-CPT inikezela ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwabathengi abaningana, yonke ingozi idlula kwenye yazo ukuya kwelinye ngexesha xa ukudluliselwa kweempahla kwindlela enye yokuthutha ukuya kwenye.

Yonke imisebenzi yamasiko nayo yabelwe umthengisi. Qaphela ukuba i-CPT yegama ingasetyenziselwa nayiphi na indlela yokuthutha.

Ezinye izinto

Kwiincwadi zangaphandle, igama elithi "Ukuthuthwa kwinqwelo ehlawulwayo" lisetyenziswe, oku kuthetha ngokufanayo nento esiyibhale nje. Ukongezelela, imiqathango yokunikezelwa kwe-CPT ibonisa ukuba kwimeko apho amaqela avumile ukusebenzisa iinkonzo zomphathiswa wesithathu, wonke uxanduva luhlala kunye nomthengisi ngexesha lokuthengiswa kweempahla kuye. Uxanduva lomthengisi kweli phepha alinakwandiswa kude kube ngumzuzu wokuziswa kweempahla kwindawo echazwe kumaphepha.

Ngaloo ndlela, imiqathango yokunikezelwa kwe-CPT ngumzekelo wendlela yokuthutha impahla, apho phantsi uxanduva olujongene nalo mthengisi. Yingakho umthengi kufuneka aqikelele kakhulu xa ebhala okanye efunda isivumelwano sokuthengisa.

Amaphuzu aphambili

Ukuqwalasela ukuba kukho ubuncinane bokudluliselwa kwexesha ezimbini kweempahla, nayiphi na ukuhanjiswa okuqhelekileyo kunamacandelo amabini abalulekileyo. Kubalulekile! Abathengisi kunye nabathengi (kunye neenkampani zenkampani, ukuba zikhona) ziyanconywa ukuba zicacise ngokucacileyo zonke iinkqubo zokuhanjiswa, kubandakanywa ukudluliselwa kwamagosa ekujongeni okanye ukulayisha impahla.

Ukuba izithuthi ezininzi zisetyenzisiwe kanye, kwaye amaqela ayengenako ukucacisa ngqo indawo ekuyo kuyo, umphathiswa wokuqala oluhlu makangacinga ukuba, ngokusebenzisa ukungapheleli kwemithetho yethu, zonke iithwali zithintela ukungangqinelani kwamaphepha okanye umonakalo kwimpahla kuwo. Ngoko ke, zonke ezi zihlandlo kufuneka zichazwe kwangaphambili kumaphepha okuthenga nokuthengisa okanye isivumelwano sokuthutha, ngaphandle koko kuya kufuneka ukuba ixesha elide libonise icala labo enkundleni.

Ngaba kukho iimeko ezinjalo, ukuba sithetha ngokunikezelwa kwe-CPT? EMoscow, imimiselo yokuhambisa apho ihlale ilukhuni, mhlawumbi ikhumbuza amaninzi amaninzi ahlanganiswe nokwakhiwa kweendawo ezithembisayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abathengisi bezinto zokwakha babengenayo imali kuphela, kodwa kwafuneka babalekele ixesha elide, bebonisa iphutha labanye abathwali ekulahlekelweni kwezinto eziphathekayo.

Inkcazo yokuya kuyo

Ngaloo ndlela, kwisigqibo sokugqibela, kucetyiswa ukuba kuchaneke ngokuchanekileyo indawo ekuya kuyo apho inkampani yokugcina impahla (okanye umthengisi ngokwakhe, ngokubhekiselele kwinqwelo yokuhamba) iya kuba nexanduva lokuthuthwa kweempahla. Nguye umthengisi omele aqinisekise ukufumaneka kwezivumelwano zokubonelela ezifanelekileyo. Thabatha ingqalelo! Ngaphantsi kwemithetho ye-CPT DAP, imimiselo yokuhanjiswa ayinikezeli ukubuyisela umthengisi weendleko zokukhulula iimpahla, ngaphandle kokuba zinikezelwe ngenye imimiselo yemibutho, eboniswe kumaphepha akhiwe.

Kwakhona, siyaqaphela ukuba umthengisi uya kufunwa ukuba enze zonke iifom ezisemthethweni, ukuba imimiselo yokuthutha ibandakanya idlula kummandla okanye kumda wangaphakathi. Kodwa! Akukho ndlela enyanzelekile ukuba afake iindleko kwaye enze iimeko ezisemgangathweni xa angenisa iimpahla, ahlawule imirhumo yamasiko okanye ezinye iinkonzo.

Emva kokugqiba ukuphonononga iingongoma eziqhelekileyo, imibala emfutshane yempahla ehambelana ngqo nomthengisi kufuneka ixoxwe ngazo.

Ubukho kunye nezinye iimeko

Ngoko ke, nangayiphi na imeko, umthengi kufuneka anikeze iimpahla ukuba azi ukuba umthengi, adlulise i-invoyisi, kunye namanye amaxwebhu angabonakalayo ukuze aqinisekise umgangatho okanye ezinye iimpawu zeempahla. Ukuba le yinkqubo eqhelekileyo okanye iphambi kokuvunywa kwintrakthi, isayinitsha yekhompyutha ingasetyenziswa.

Iilayisensi, olunye ulawulo

Ukuba oko kuyimfuneko, umthengisi kufuneka, ngokusemngciphekweni wakhe nangomngcipheko, afumane zonke izigunyaziso zokuthumela ngaphandle (kwaye ahlawule), kunye namanye amaxwebhu asemthethweni, ukuba ahambelane nayo yonke imigaqo yamasiko kunye neminye imimiselo eyamkelwe xa kuthethwa uhlobo oluthile lwenkunkuma.

Ngokuphathelele isivumelwano sokuthutha kunye ne-inshorensi

Umthengisi unyanzelekile ukuba enze isigqibo malunga nokuhanjiswa kweempahla kwindawo ethile, ukuba kuchazwe, okanye kwindawo ethile kuyo. Olu xwebhu lufanele lubonelele ngokuthengiswa phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo kwaye kwindlela efanelekileyo ukuze umdayisi angakwazi ukufaka iindleko zeenkonzo zakhe. Ukuba indawo leyo ayiyi kuvunyelwanga okanye ayizange ixoxwe ngaso kwisivumelwano, umninimzi unokuyikhetha ngokuzimeleyo, ngokuhambelana ngokupheleleyo apho kulungele khona ukuba ahambise iimpahla.

Ngokubhekiselele kwisivumelwano somshuwalense weempahla, kule ntlawulo, umthengisi akanakho nayiphi na imbopheleleko. Kodwa! Unyanzelekile kwisicelo sokuqala ukubonelela ngolwazi oluyimfuneko ukufumana i-inshorensi, umthengi.

Ekuhanjisweni kweendleko

Umthengisi unyanzelekile ukuba ahlawule zonke iindleko ade ifikelele kwimpahla, ngaphandle kweemeko esele zikhankanywe ngasentla. Ukongezelela, ngumsebenzi wakhe wokuhlawula intlawulo, kunye neendleko ezihlobene nokulayishwa nokukhulula impahla (jonga ngasentla). Ewe, ukuba ezinye iimeko azichazwanga kwangaphambili kwaye azichazwanga kumaxwebhu, kwaye ukuhanjiswa phantsi kweemeko zeCCT kwimodi eqhelekileyo, ngaphandle kwemimandla enkulu.

Siyakhumbuza kwakhona ukuba umthengisi uhlawule zonke iindleko ezihambelana nokucwangciswa kwempahla emngceleni, kunye nezinye izimo ezifanayo, kuphela xa zichazwe kwisivumelwano. Kuzo zonke ezinye iimeko, akathwali izibophelelo ezinjalo.

Ukuhlola nokupakisha imithwalo

Iindleko ezihambelana nokumakisha, ukulinganisa nokujonga iimpahla zilawulwa ngokupheleleyo ngumthengisi. Ukongezelela, iquka zonke iindleko ezihambelana nokupakishwa kunye nokupakishwa kweempahla, ngaphandle kweemeko apho imboni ivumela ukuthutha uhlobo oluthile lwezinto eziphathekayo kwiinguqulelo ezingekho phantsi. Nangona kunjalo, nangona kunjalo, ukumakishwa kweempahla kumaphepha alandelayo kufuneka kwenziwe ngokugqithiseleyo yonke imithetho.

Xanduva lomthengi

Makhe sithethe ngoku malunga noxanduva lomthengi kwi-CPT. Imigqaliselo yokuhanjiswa (ngo-2010 nangemuva) kulo mzekelo inikezela ngokuhlawula ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwiimpahla. Ukuba ikhonterikethi ayinayo nayiphi na imiqathango eyongezelelweyo, ezinye iimbopheleleko azifakekanga kuso. Kubalulekile! Ngesinye isikhathi, imisebenzi inikwe yona engozini yakhe kwaye ingozi yokufumana onke amaphepha agunyazisiweyo wokungenisa impahla ethile ezweni, kunye nokuhlawula zonke izimo ezisemthethweni kwizithethe, ngaphandle kokuba kungenjalo kuvunyelwene kwangaphambili kwaye kungachaziwe kumaphepha.

Akukho phantsi kwesivumelwano sokuhamba, okanye phantsi kwekhontrakthi ye-inshorensi yembopheleleko ekhethekileyo umthengi akanalo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufuna ukucwangcisa i-inshorensi, kuya kufuneka ukuba ibe ngeendleko zakhe. Nangona kunjalo, sele sele sibhalile ukuba umthengisi kufuneka anike naluphi na ulwazi oluyimfuneko ekusebenzeni amaxwebhu afanelekileyo.

Okunye malunga nokwabelana ngeendleko

Nangona kunjalo, imiqathango yokunikezelwa kwe-CPT (i-Incoterms 2010) inikezela iimeko ezithile apho umthengi uya kuhlawula khona. Masiqhelane nabo ngokubanzi.

Ngaphandle kokuba kuchazwe ngenye inkontileka, iya kuhlawula zonke iindleko ezivela ngaphambi kokuhambisa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba amaxwebhu ayichazi into ehlukile, umthengi uyahlawula konke oku. Kwakhona, ngokuxhomekeke ekufumanekeni kwento enkonkontileka, inokuhlawulwa kwiinkonzo zokukhulula nokulayishwa kweempahla, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo umthengi ngokwakhe uxanduva lo.

Ukuba umthengi akazange avume iimpahla ngexesha elichaziweyo, nangona ukuhanjiswa kwenziwa, uhlawula zonke iindleko ezongezelelweyo ezenziweyo. Ukongezelela, ukuhlawulwa kweendleko ezingalindelekanga (ezihambelana nempahla) ngeli thuba ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwintsimi yelizwe elinye (ukuba akukho nanye kwisivumelwano) ihlala ikwabelwe ummkeli.

Ngoko ke sihlolisise imigaqo yokunikezelwa kwe-CPT (i-Incoterms). Ngo-2012 kwazisa imithetho emitsha, kodwa zonke izibonelelo ezichazwe kuthi zahlala zingatshintshi.

Amacala omkhosi omkhulu

Oku kuthetha iimeko apho omnye wamaqela akakwazi ukuzalisekisa uxanduva lwazo ngenxa yezizathu ezingaxhomekeke kumthengisi okanye kumthengi. Njengomthetho, ezi ziintlekele zemvelo, ukuzinzisa imeko yezopolitiko kweli lizwe okanye into enjalo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwisiqontrakthi kukho into apho amaqela angasasazeka ngokuthe ngqo. Ukuba oku kungenzeki, le meko icingelwa kwinkundla yesigqibo.