Valery Fedorovich Bykovsky. Astronaut. Umsebenzi, ukunyamezela kunye nenhlanhla

Isimo sengqondo kwixesha elidlulileyo lelizwe lethu lihluka ukusuka kumntu kumntu. Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuba iimbono ziyahluke njani, ukuba i-Soviet Union iye yahlakulela abantu abanamandla, abanetalente, abaphawulekayo, amaqhawe awona kuphela ixesha lawo liyi nyaniso engenakuphikiswa. Ilizwe lethu laliqala ukutadisha ngokucokisekileyo ukufundisisa ngokuthe ngqo kwendawo. I-Cosmonaut Valery Bykovsky, olwazi lwakhe luluhlu oluqhubekayo lwamabhaso kunye nempumelelo, ummeli ocacileyo weqela laseRashiya labantu abakhulu.

Namhlanje uValery Fedorovich uneminyaka engamashumi asibhozo, uyavuya kwaye unobungane. Ngomomotheka kunye namanqaku angabonakaliyo edabukisayo, uxelela amava akhe, ulwazi kunye nempumelelo kunye nabalandeli bakhe.

Ubuntwana

Ngo-Agasti 2, ngo-1934 kwintsapho yakwa-Bykovsky wazalelwa umntwana owayenjongo yokuba yi-cosmonaut eyaziwayo. Intsapho yintsana ngexesha elithile yayihlala ePavlovsky Posad. UBawo, uFedor Fedorovich - owayengumphathi weKGB, umqeshwa weSebe loThutho. Kwaye unina, uClaudia Ivanovna, wazinikela ixesha lakhe kwintsapho nasemakhaya.

U-Valery Fedorovich akayena yedwa umntwana kwintsapho, unodade osekhulile uMargarita Fedorovna (emtshatweni kaMikheyev).

U-Bykov Bykovsky kwafuneka atshintshe izikolo ezimbini. Okokuqala wayeya esikolweni kwi-Soviet Embassy eTehran, kwaye ukusuka kwibakala lesixhenxe wafunda eMoscow.

Ukususela kubuntwaneni uValery Bykovsky wancothula ngeenkwenkwezi kunye nezulu. I-astronaut yaqala umsebenzi wayo weenkwenkwezi kunye nokuba wayeseyindodana ebhalise eMoscow Aeroclub. Emva koko waphumelela ngokuphumelela kwisikolo sezindiza kwindawo yasePenza. Wayeneminyaka engama-19 ubudala.

Imfundo kunye namava okuqala

U-Bykovsky-cosmonaut waqala indlela yakhe esuka kwi-aeroclub okanye "inqununu", nangaphambi kokugqweswa. Uqeqesho olukhuphayo kunoma yiphina imozulu, ukuqala kokubhukuda kunye nokuthotyelwa kwesigqibo esibalulekileyo ebomini-yiloo nto iklabhu yaseMoscow eyamnika yona. Iimpawu zeValery Fedorovich ziqulethe ukuphonononga okuchukumisayo. Abafundisi babekholelwa ukuba le nto iqhubela kwintando, iyayibonisa ngesibindi yaye iqinisekile, ifunda isayensi ngenzondelelo kwaye ithatha inyathelo. Ukushiya isikolo sakhe sokuqala esikolweni, i-Bykovsky (astronaut ezayo kufuphi) wagqiba ngokugqibeleleyo ukungena esikolweni sabaqhubi beentlola.

Isifundo kwi-Kachin Military Aviation School, ngokwemvelo, sasinzima kwaye sinzulu. Iiklasi ezisebenzayo zaziqhutywe ngokukhawuleza, kodwa uValery Fyodorovich wayenesikhathi, wayethanda kwaye wafunda kakuhle. Kuzo zonke iimpawu zikaBykovsky kuphela iimpendulo ezithembekileyo: ulungelelwano, ulungelelaniso olufanelekileyo, isicwangciso. Zonke iimvavanyo ze-theory kunye nezenzo "zihle kakhulu."

INkonzo

Ndiyabulela ukuphikelela nokunyamekela, u-Bykovsky kwaye inxalenye ngokukhawuleza iphumelele. Ngokukhawuleza, i-lieutenant ephakamileyo yadluliselwa kwiqela le-interceptors. UValery Fyodorovich ukhumbula indlela izabelo, ukuhlaselwa komoya, ukulwa nama-alamu adlula kwaye uqaphele ukuba kubaluleke kangakanani ukuziva abantu abasondele kuwe, bathemba. Xa ekuyingxenyeni, wabuyela kwi-MIG, wayeyi-100 yeepesenti eqinisekileyo yendiza, ngenxa yemigudu yecwecwe lakhe uKonkov.

Uneminyaka emininzi yamava kunye namaqabane amnandi afumana kwiminyaka yenkonzo ye-cosmonaut ezayo ngu-Bykovsky. I-biografi yakhe iya kuzaliswa ngokuphumelelayo ngokugqithiseleyo kunye nempumelelo ebalulekileyo kwilizwe lonke. U-Valery Fedorovich ukususela ebuntwaneni wayebandakanyeka kwimidlalo: ibhola, i-athletics, ucingo. Akukho ncinane umdlalo owathatha iincwadi zakhe. U-Valery Fyodorovich ubona imfundo yokufundela kunye nokuzifundela njengenye yezona zinto zibaluleke kakhulu ebomini, yingakho wayekuqonda ngokubanzi iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zolwazi. Kwaye kwi-Soviet Army kwisiganeko sabantu abanjengengqondo, abatsha, abakhutheleyo nabanenjongo yokuqhubela phambili, waqhubeka nokubandakanya ezemidlalo nasekuziphuculeni.

Ukuvavanywa kwangaphandle

Yonke inkwenkwe yeSoviet iphupha ukuba yiqhawe, isebenze kakuhle kwi-Motherland, iphumelele iinjongo kwaye ihlolisise into engaziwayo, kwaye kwakungekho nanye, kunye no-Bykovsky. I-cosmonaut kwishahla kunye nomqhubi ebomini, unquma ukuzama isandla sakhe kwaye uhambe ngesitimela uye ephupheni.

Uvavanyo lokuqala, olubhekiselele kuValery Fedorovich - ikhomishoni yonyango. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba oogqirha abaqhuba ukhetho kunye nokunika imvume kwiindiza ziphulaphule, zinyanzelise kwaye zichithise. Ukuba kukho ukuphambuka okuncinci kwiiparitha eziyimfuneko, akuyi kubakho ukufikelela kwiindiza. Ikomishoni yezokwelapha, abaqhubi, kunye nabadlali abaninzi, bahamba rhoqo. Uvuyo noxinzelelo kwiiofisi zoogqirha zikhula. Bangaphi abafana abahlukana apho kunye nephupha labo! Kodwa u-Bykovsky wadlulisela isigaba sokuqala ngokukhululeka, kuphela ngezimnqweno zempumelelo kunye nokuvuma ukumamatheka koogqirha.

Isigaba sesibini kukufaniswa kweemeko ezinokwenzeka kwisithuba. Ukwenza oku, kwakudingeka ukupasa iimvavanyo kwiimimululisi ezahlukahlukeneyo, ukufakela, kwigumbi lokucinezela. Kwakungenakwenzeka ukukhohlisa nokukhohlisa uhlobo kunye noogqirha. Nguye kuphela oqinileyo, onamandla kwaye onempilo okhethwe. Lo nguBykovsky. Kodwa oku kwakungokuqala kohambo olunzima.

Intsapho yabasemzini eS Star City

Kwi-Star City, i-cosmonauts 'regime iqinile: ezemidlalo, umthwalo womsebenzi, iiklasi, iimimulator, iimviwo zonyango. Iqela elitsha lalibubele, lisebenza nzima kwaye linenjongo. Amaqabane akhethwe nguYkokovsky njengephini likhala wekomiti yeKomsomol. Ukunyamekela iValery Fedorovich kwanda kakhulu, kodwa yenza ubomi bakhe bube mnandi ngakumbi kwaye butyebi. Kwiminyaka emininzi edlulileyo u-Bykovsky wathenga abahlobo abaninzi nabahlobo abahle. I-Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin kunye nabanye abantu abaziwayo ngokufanayo abaqeqeshelwe kunye naye eZvezdnoye.

Enye yeempawu ezinzima kunabo bonke i-cosmonauts ezayo i-centrifuge. Ukugqithiswa kwakhe kwanobuhlungu nomzimba womntu, kwaye u-Bykovsky wabonisa iziphumo eziphawulekayo kuyo. Ngokukhawuleza wafunda izifundo kunye neengcebiso zabaqeqeshi, oogqirha, ngoko waphumelela ngempumelelo.

Enye yezinto ezinomdla kakhulu, mhlawumbi, kwakuhlala ukungazinzi. Kwaye eyona nto ingavamile, njengoVeryery Bykovsky (i-cosmonaut) wacinga, yayikuhlakulela umkhuba wokuba wedwa. Kwigumbi legumbi elinomlinganiselo wesimitha esinye nesiganeko, apho, ngaphandle kwezixhobo kunye nezihlalo zentonga, kwakukho ukutya kunye neencwadi kuphela, kwafuneka ukuba abe nakho ukulindela kwindawo. Wasebenza, wavuma, wavakalisa iindinyana, wafunda iincwadi, wakha amatafula. Kwimihla engaphezulu kweentsuku, ukuhlala kwakhe kwedwa kwangaphambili kwendawo. U-Bykovsky wayengowokuqala ukutyelela kwigumbi.

Iindleko

U-Valery Fedorovich wenza ukubonakala kwakhe kokuqala kwindawo kwiVostok-5. Iintsuku ezi-ezintlanu zichithe umphathi-mkhosi ngu-Bykovsky kwisithuba ngo-1963. Inqwelomoya yesibini, kwinqanawa uSyuz-21 ngo-1976, apho wayengumlawuli, wathatha ixesha elide - ezili-189 iiyure. Ukuhamba kweyesithathu, kwiinqanawa ze-Soyuz-31 ngo-1978, kwakunjalo ngexesha.

Iintsuku ezili-20 ezingama-17 kwiiyure eziyi-3 zazingekho kwi-Earth Cosmonaut Bykovsky. Iifoto zeValery Fedorovich zazihlotshiswe nazo zonke iimaphephandaba, amabhodi e-Honorary of the Soviet Union. Yonke inkwenkwe iphupha ngokufana nayo. Kanti akapheli ukuphindaphinda amazwi kayise: "Umsebenzi yinto ebonakalayo kuyo yonke into ebantwini."