Imbali Islam kunye uMprofeti uMuhammad

Emhlabeni nyaka 570 kwisixeko iMecca, nto leyo imi kumntla-mpuma kummandla Arabia mihla, wazalwa inkwenkwe, ogama uMuhammad, lowo owayeza kuba uMprofeti omnye kwabathathu kweenkolo zehlabathi. Kwaba naye waza waqalisa imbali Islam.

Usapho lwakhe fanele ukuya kusapho Quraysh, lo mzi unamandla lweenkobe ngubani naye. Abazali Muhammad wafa kwangoko kakhulu: Abdullah Abdul-Muttalib bafa phambi kokuzalwa, unyana wakhe, nonina, Amina - emva kokuba emi-6 ubudala. Ngoko ke, eyinkedama azithabathele umkhulu wakhe, othe waba yintloko Hashemites uhlobo. Ngenxa yesithethe, ngelo xesha uMuhammad encinane wanika isibini iminyaka kwintsapho esenjalo ukuba idlale indima enkulu ngokwaneleyo kwixa elizayo layo. Kuba apho wazuza iimpawu zomntu ezibalulekileyo nomonde, unyamezelo, namandla, nokuyekelelwa kunye nothando abantu. Ukongeza, wafunda bubuciko wawa eyayithandana ulwimi etyebileyo novakalelo, zintanda njalo yi-Arab kumaBedou.

Xa uMprofeti Muhammad wayeneminyaka engama-20 ubudala, waba yomthengisi umhlolokazi Khadija, leyo watshata. Ke wayeneentombi ezine noonyana ababini wafa nje emva kokuzalwa. Ngexesha le minyaka, uMprofeti wayehamba kakhulu kwihlabathi jikelele kunye nendawo yakhe ayithandayo umqolomba kufuphi iMecca, apho Kwathi yokuqala iziganeko enkulu Islam. Ngenye imini, xa wahlala kwaye ukucamngca emqolombeni, yena ilizwi ingelosi Dzhibriilya, apho umyalelo of Muhammad wathetha amazwi nje kusekho iindinyana zokuqala ezintlanu kwiSurah 96 of Qur'an oNgcwele.

Ekuqaleni, uMuhammad kwabelwane eli bali kuphela nomfazi wakhe kunye nabahlobo abasondeleyo, kodwa kamva, xa wathunyelwa phantsi nezityhilelo ezintsha, elavakaliswa umanyano kaThixo, inani abalandeli bakhe baqalisa ukuba ukukhula. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho bobabini alula kunye amakhoboka amahlwempu, yaye iklasi eliphezulu iMecca. Ezi izityhilelo abe yinxalenye yale ncwadi engcwele Muslims - iKoran.

Kodwa kufuneka kuthiwe ukuba abaninzi abazange ukwamkela le nkolo. Baba amaqaba bakholwa kuye oothixo abaninzi. Ngo-Islam, phezu koko, nokumkani ke ukukholelwa kuThixo omnye, lowo kuphela odlayo. Noko ke, loo nto iye yomelezwa kuphela ukuqaphela Muhammad ukuba inkolo yakhe wahlukile kwaye eyahlukileyo kakhulu ubuhedeni.

Emva kweminyaka embalwa ukushumayela Muhammad kunye nabalandeli bakhe iintshaba ezininzi, lundingcikivayo ke batyakatywa ngabalandeli Islam. Xa ngo 622 uMprofeti aqaphele ukuzama izicwangciso ubomi bakhe, wagqiba ekubeni ahambe kunye namaqabane akhe Yarsib, apho igama kamva Medina. Ngesi siganeko, ekuthiwa Hegira, linentsusa yalo kwimbali Islam.

E Medina, bekukho uphuhliso olukhawulezayo nokwanda unqulo ka-Islam, Islam iye eyangena kwizizwe ezininzi usilwa abahlanganisele ndawonye. abaxhasi Muhammad baba ngakumbi nangakumbi, yaye emva kwethuba waya Laws Medina, yaqaphela Muhammad umprofeti kaThixo yaye ayila owodwa kwaye uluntu ekwanti - Muslim iUma.

UMprofeti Muhammad wafa ngoJuni 8632, emva kokugula ixesha elide. Ukusweleka kwakhe ilahleko enkulu for Muslims, ayithimba nje ebuhlungu. Ngapha koko, a commoner evela eMecca akazange kuphela umhlobo omkhulu kunye nomlawuli enkulu; ke ngelo xesha imfundiso enkulu ukuba ulandelwa izigidi zabantu kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi ilandelelana.

Noko ke, asimele sinokuthi ukufa Wayeka umprofeti okanye bayeka uphuhliso Islam ehlabathini. Kwixesha elizayo, imbali Islam wayesazi neenkokheli ezininzi emirs, badlale uthumo engundoqo yonqulo lwabo - iKurani oyiNgcwele ingxelo uluntu.

Imbali Islam eRashiya yaqala ngenkulungwane VI-VII, xa ebudeni ukwanda kwe-Arab Caliphate, Islam iye wayofika North neAsia. Ukusuka apho, ke kwalutyhutyha iVolga lunqulo engundoqo ye Golden mkhosi mkhulu kunene, Astrakhan kunye Kazan Khanate. Ukususela namhlanje, Islam unqulo yesibini ngobukhulu eRashiya. AmaSilamsi ezenza isambuku AmaTatar, Chuvash, Bashkirs kunye nezizwe North neAsia.
Ukususela kwasekuqaleni imbali Islam ebesazi okulungileyo nokubi, amahla-ndinyuka, kodwa enye into kuba ngokuqinisekileyo: Bulelani uMprofeti Muhammad kubantu abaninzi bayo yonke iminyaka yobudala kunye neentlanga, Islam iye umzekelo yokuziphatha kunye yinxalenye yobomi.