Labantu Astana: zentshukumo, abemi kunye nokwakheka yobuhlanga

Ngo-1997 kwakukho yesithathu kwimbali transfer Kazakhstan ngayo eyinkunzi. Ukusuka Almaty ku Akmola kuyo lingashukumi. Emva konyaka, esi sixeko wafumana igama elitsha - Astana. Inani labantu ikomkhulu Kazakhstan ngo-2016 ifikelele kwesigidi. Ngubani ngoku uhlala esixekweni? Kwaye njengoko yabemi Astana lutshintshe njani na ngokuhamba kweminyaka?

Astana kunye neempawu zayo

Likomkhulu karhulumente inkulu Central Asia ibekwe phezu kweenxweme Ishim River, phakathi kwe-Kazakh emathafeni bamandulo ingqongwe amachibi ezininzi. Kazakhs nibabeka umzi ngo-1830 ukuze bazikhusele ukuhlaselwa Khanate ngxwaba Kokand. Into umhla obalulekileyo kwimbali kwenkunzi yexesha elizayo Kazakhstan yaqala ngo-1961, xa Nikita Khrushchev wabhengeza isixeko "iziko nophuhliso engundoqo komhlaba ongazange ulinywe ngaphambili."

Modern Astana - yinto dolophu umdla kakuhle igcinwe, intabalala lwembali, ezikhumbuzo kunye nezakhiwo ezingaqhelekanga. Hi ndlela leyi, ikomkhulu Kazakhstan - isithuba kuphela post-eSoviet, inkqubo yezothutho inikwa kuphela iibhasi. iibhasi Sibona, akukho tram okanye ngokufihlakeleyo apha. A kwebhasi Astana ngokufuthi abakwazi ukumelana umkhweli yendlela lwenqila.

Yabemi Astana - abantu malunga 1 yezigidi. I-capital yahlulwe River Ishim sinezigaba ezibini. Kwaye ke ibhanki ekunene ekhohlo sixeko zahluke kakhulu enye kwenye. Phezu kodonga lasekhohlo esilawulwa arhente ezahlukeneyo ngurhulumente, ngemiyinge emincinci kunye namaziko ofisi. Ukwakhiwa apha kakhulu kwaphela. Ibhanki lasekunene eyinkunzi, ngokuchasene noko, amelwe indawo yokuhlala ashinyeneyo. An into umdla kukuba ebusika ubushushu phezu kodonga lasekunene isibini ngeedegree ngasentla.

labantu Astana kunye neentshukumo zayo. Indida ngo-2016

Kwimbali mzi iziganeko ubuncinane ezimbini njengebhakana ukuba kwakhokelela ekukhuleni ngokukhawuleza kwenani labemi. Lokuqala - iseti amanyathelo karhulumente malunga nophuhliso kumazwe enyulu, eye yenziwa kule minyaka ingama-60 zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Isiganeko sesibini yaba ukutshintshwa kwe-capital apha ngasekupheleni 1990. Ngenxa yoko, kwisithuba seminyaka elishumi (1998 ukuya 2008) yabemi Astana iye yandiswa kakhulu ngaphezulu kwe kabini!

Ekuqaleni kuka-2016 abemi 875.000 kwikomkhulu of Kazakhstan. Kodwa, ngoJulayi 4 nyaka, abasemagunyeni baziswe malunga ngokuzalwa izigidi abemi Astana. njani ukuchaza ukuphazamiseka uyicinge demographic? kwenzeka njani ukuba abantu Astana kwiinyanga nje ezintandathu liye landa njani 125 amawaka abantu?

Asole - nkqubo esebenzayo karhulumente kwi semthethweni kwipropati kunye nemeko yoqoqosho. Ngenxa yoko - ngowama-2016 ikomkhulu abhaliswa kunikelwa 60 amawaka ngaphambili "ngqalelo" abasebenzi. Kwakhona ngoMatshi eli lizwe zabamba unyulo zepalamente, leyo ngaphambi podomovoy bypass bonke abemi baloo mzi.

Iingcali ukuqikelela ukuba ngo-2020 abemi Astana angavuka kubemi million 1.2. Kodwa umongameli welizwe, Nursultan Nazarbayev, wathi optimistically ukuba ngo-2050 kuya kuhlala abantu 3 million imali karhulumente kulo.

Amanye amanqaku malunga yabemi Astana

Ubalo yokugqibela, kuqhutywa ngo-2009, wabonisa ukuba 64% ye abahlali Astana ayikho abemi balo lweenkobe. Ngokomthetho ngayo - abafudukayo abavela kwezinye iingingqi Kazakhstan (ingakumbi Akmola, South Kazakhstan kunye Karaganda oblasts).

I-avareji yobudala womtshato kubahlali Astana - kweminyaka 25.3 kwabasetyhini kunye iminyaka 27.5 abantu. Noko ke, abathathu kwabalishumi izibini kwi manani ifayile mtshato kwixesha elizayo.

nokwakheka yesizwe yabemi Astana kakhulu ezimibalabala. Iqela uhlanga zimbini dolophu Kazakhs (malunga 69%). Baye ilandelwa yi Russian, nto leyo malunga ne-21%. Ubuzwe, inani apho Astana ngaphezu kwesinye ekhulwini, le - Ukraine, nangezinto, amaJamani kunye Uzbeks. Kwakhona esi sixeko kakhulu noluntu enkulu Korea abo apha phakathi kwenkulungwane yokugqibela kwixesha ngowe mass kaStalin.