Umfundi - yintoni na le nto? Inkcazelo, isakhiwo, imisebenzi kunye neempawu. asabela pupillary ekukhanyeni

Ukuba nje umzuzwana ukuvala amehlo akho uze uzame ukuba ahlale ebumnyameni, wena uqale uqonde indlela ekubaluleke ngayo ukuba umbono yabantu. Yintoni abantu Akunanto abalahlekelwe ukukwazi kwabo ukubona. Ke ukuba amehlo - njengesipili umphefumlo, umfundi - lo window lethu ehlabathini.

Indlela emayenziwe ngayo iliso

Umzimba womntu yinkqubo ephucukileyo okubonakalayo. injongo yawo - ukudlulisela imifanekiso ngokusebenzisa luvo optic engqondweni.

Yeso ukuba imilo sphere, sikweyona komzila kwaye uneengubo ezintathu: ezinezikhondo, kunye vasculature semehlo. Ngaphakathi kuyo uburharha zolwelo, lens umzimba vitreous.

ingxenye White lweliso lakho igutyungelwe yi isifo (sclera). Front isabelo transparent ekuthiwa inwebu, i se enombala sinegunya elikhulu zokunganyangeki. Phantsi kwalo ke iris ezisebenza umsebenzi uvalo.

Wobhobhozayo ukukhanya ezibonakala ukusuka kumphezulu into iwela kuqala kwi inwebu kwaye refracted, ucanda njengokhozo ilens, nto leyo nayo lens biconvex kwaye engena inkqubo woqondo iso.

Ingongoma elandelayo kwi umendo umfanekiso yabantu ebonakalayo - retina. It is a Iqokobhe iiseli avelana ukukhanya: cone kunye kweentonga. Retin babugubungela ubuso engaphakathi iliso kwaye luvo ngokusebenzisa luvo optic edlulisela inkcazelo engqondweni. Oku kulapho kukho imbono eziphelayo ulwazi into awayibonayo.

umsebenzi womfundi

Kukho iqhalo ithandwayo abantu, "siyayixabisa," kodwa bambalwa abantu namhlanje siyazi ukuba njengokhozo sibizwa ngokuba umfundi emihleni yamandulo. Eli binzana lisetyenziswa kudala kwaye ibonisa indlela engcono esimele sibaphathe ngayo amehlo ethu - njengoko ebaluleke kakhulu yaye kubize.

umfundi yabantu ilawulwa yi izihlunu ezimbini: i sphincter kunye dilator. Bona zilawulwa ezahlukeneyo amaqela luvo sokubandakanyeka iinkqubo novelwano kunye parasympathetic.

Umfundi - oko kukuthi, enyanisweni, kukho umnyango apho ukukhanya engena retina. Wenza njengoko komlawuli, tapering ekukhanyeni eqaqambileyo kwaye lwandisa beswele yayo. Ngenxa yoko, njengokhozo lweliso sikhusela retina kane yaye kuphucula acuity olubonakalayo.

mydriasis

Akunamsebenzi liyana, xa umntu kwandisa umfundi? Oku kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Kwimeko-bume lonyango, into enjalo ibizwa ngokuba mydriasis.

Kubonakala ukuba nje kuphela abafundi abasabela ekukhanyeni. ukwanda zabo kuxhokonxwa i ngurhulumente yimincili ngokweemvakalelo: umdla eyomeleleyo (kubandakanywa ngokwesondo), imincili, iintlungu olungaphezu okanye uloyiko.

ezi nkalo zingasentla kubangela mydriasis yendalo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa acuity ezibonwayo kunye nempilo amehlo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le meko umfundi phe yakhawuleza, ukuba imvelaphi ngokweemvakalelo ubuyela esiqhelweni.

Mydriasis phenomenon uphawu le ngesakhono ukunxila okanye lotywala okanye ezidakumbisayo. Ukongeza, abafundi inimba zidla ngokubonisa Ityhefu esinzulu, ezifana izinto ezibolileyo.

mydriasis yezifo kaninzi kubonwa izigulane nenkxwaleko engqondweni esibuhlungu. Rhoqo abafundi inimba lubonisa ubukho umntu kwezifo eziliqela okunokwenzeka:

• glaucoma;
• migraine;
• ukukhubazeka ye-luvo oculomotor ;
• Encephalopathy;
• ndlala kwekhono;
• Eddie syndrome.

Abantu abaninzi bazi ukususela bhanya ukuba oogqirha betyhafile zezigulane kuqala zonke ahlolwe amehlo. pupillary reaction ekukhanyeni, kwakunye nobukhulu wabo onokumxelela loogqirha lukhulu. A ukunyuka kancinane ibonisa zingqondweni nzulu, ngoxa "iglasi", phantse amehlo amnyama kubonisa imeko embi kakhulu.

corestenoma

umfundi ngokungenangqiqo constricted - i imeko mydriasis umva. Ophthalmologists bakubiza miosis. Oku kuphambuka iphinde ibe yezizathu, babe siphene olubonakalayo ongenabubi, kodwa ke isizathu sokuba ubone ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Iingcali umahluko ezininzi iintlobo mioza:

1. Yokusetyenziswa, apho exineneyo kubangelwa izinto zendalo, ezifana zokukhanya, imo bubuthongo, usana okanye ukwaluphala, hyperopia, ukusebenza ixesha.
2. miosis lwezonyango - amalungiselelo ukwamkelwa japan leyo, ukongeza umsebenzi esisiseko, kuba negalelo ekusebenzeni izihlunu iliso.
3. Konedumbe - Ikwabonakala ngokunqongophala olupheleleyo okanye olungaphelelanga ubuchule motor dilator.
4. Miosis ukuluma - ugcinwe spasm le sphincter. Amaninzi zifumaneka yamathumba ebuchotsheni, meningitis, kobuchopho, kwakunye nabantu abanengxaki sclerosis kunye ukuxhuzula.
5. amahlaba Syphilitic - kunokwenzeka nakweliphi na inqanaba lesi sifo, nangona unyango ngexesha inqabile kakhulu.

anisocoria

Ngokutsho manani, umntu ngamnye wesihlanu on Earth abafundi ezahlukeneyo ngobukhulu. Le asymmetry kuthiwa anisocoria. Kwiimeko ezininzi, umahluko okungenamsebenzi kwaye ibonakala kuphela zamehlo, kodwa kwezinye umahluko kuza kujongwa ngeliso lenyama. Ulawulo pupillary bepali kule ethile asynchronously, kwaye kwezinye iimeko ubukhulu iyahluka kuphela unaliso linye, lo gama enye ishiyeke izinzile.

Anisocoria kunokuba zombini sofuzo kwaye ziyafikelelwa. Kwimeko yokuqala, isakhiwo enjalo iliso kungenxa yemfuza, elinesibini - yokwenzakala okanye isifo.

Abafundi of ngobubanzi ezahlukeneyo zifumaneka abantu bathwaxwa izifo ezifana:

• umonakalo luvo optic;
• kwemithambo;
• nokulimala engqondweni;
• ayanda;
• izifo luvo.

Policoro

umfundi Dual - uhlobo engaqhelekanga ukungaqheleki amehlo. Le isiphumo semvelo ekuthiwa POLYCOR, ebonakala ngu ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu kwesinye abafundi iris.

Kukho iindidi ezimbini kwesi sifo: lobuxoki, ayinyaniso. ukhetho lobuxoki kuthetha ukuba umfundi ivaliwe inwebu non-ngokufanayo, yaye kubonakala ukuba mingxuma ezimbalwa. Kulo mzekelo, indlela abasabela ngayo ukukhanya ekhoyo omnye kuphela.

POLYCOR ntiyiso enxulumene ngezifo indebe optic. Imilo ye abafundi akusoloko ngeenxa zonke, kukho imingxuma ngohlobo okweqanda, i drop, a nhla. Reaction ekukhanyeni, nangona zomlomo wakhe, kukho ngamnye kubo.

Abantu nalo ngezifo va nobunzima kakhulu, iliso enesiphako ubona mandundu ngakumbi kunesiqhelo. Ukuba inani labafundi mkhulu kuno-3, kwaye ukuba mikhulu (2 mm okanye ngaphezulu), umntwana ukuya nyaka, kungenzeka ukuba ukubamba uqhaqho. Abadala amisele ukunxiba lenses contact okulungisa.

features ubudala

Oomama abaninzi abaselula bedla qaphela ukuba lo mntwana sele inimba abafundi. Ngaba ndimkhulise ngenxa yoko uphaphazele? amatyala akhethekileyo awodwa - kodwa eziyingozi, ukuba ezinokubangelwa zokukhanya kwi gumbi kunye iimpawu inkqubo abawonwabeleyo luvo. Ukubona into yokudlala omhle okanye ukuduma ezoyikekayo Barmaley umntwana kuya kusincede ukwandisa abafundi, kungekudala ngubani oya kuba zibuyele esiqhelweni kwakhona.

Ukuba le meko kwenzeka rhoqo - I nkarhi ukukhalisa isivusi uze ufune unyango olungxamisekileyo. Oku kubonisa izifo luvo, kunye nokudibana extra kunye ingcali akukho ngqo buhlungu.

pupillary asabela ngayo utshintsho ukukhanya kunye nobudala. Xa abakwishumi elivisayo, kukho ulwandiso liphezulu kunokwenzeka, xa kuthelekiswa nabantu abadala, nto leyo usoloko abafundi constricted - eyongeziweyo lobeko eqhelekileyo.