Zokuhlanjululwa Amanzi ngentsimbi. Iindlela zokuhlanjululwa amanzi ngentsimbi

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba umntu akakwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwamanzi ngaphezu kweentsuku ezimbalwa, kuba zonke iinkqubo pathways emzimbeni kunye nenxaxheba yakhe. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuba ucinge ukuba uhlobo amanzi esizisebenzisayo. Kubekho isiqulatho elingakumbi chlorine, magnesium calcium neetyuwa, manganese nesinyithi. uhlobo ngalunye ubumdaka isuswe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Cinga, ibe yokucocwa kwamanzi ngokufa ngentsimbi.

iintlobo yentsimbi

Okokuqala kufuneka ukuba oko zekhompyutha uqulathwe emanzini.

1. Divalent. Le yentsimbi olu hlobo enyibilikayo kakhulu amanzi, ngoko ke ngeliso lenyama bakuphawule oko. Amanzi a elubala ekhohlisayo. Noko ke, ukuba kwexesha elithile wadibana emoyeni, ngoko kukho igcwala ngentsimbi lenguqu yayo kwifom trivalent khona. Emva koko amanzi uba umthunzi ebomvu.

2. Ferric. Le intsimbi oxidized, oko kwenzeka kulwelo ngohlobo colloidal (amasuntswana emihle umbala obomvu). Amaninzi ngamanzi ayoni trivalent kunye nohlobo bivalent ukhona. Ukongeza, neentlenge kwamasuntswana ebomvu usenokuphelekwa ukuyilwa wentsimbi kamva ukunyuka.

3. Virus. Umele iintsholongwane ephilileyo abafileyo kunye nemveliso yazo inkunkuma kunye iqokobhe. Kwiimeko ezininzi, kunye nentsimbi colloidal. Ngaphandle, lo ngowona iidipozithi ethambileyo uxakaxa, leyo isenokuba yingozi okanye hayi. Ubukho yentsimbi kwi conduit ezikhokelela umhlwa zentsimbi Peptic.

Iindlela zokuhlanjululwa amanzi ngentsimbi

I zentsimbi ayoni zichithakala asuswe ngu iindlela eqhelekileyo ziyilelwe ukususa ion ezingaphiliyo lichithakale. Le exchange ion, eli esakhiwa ngo endaweni kwinkqubo reaction kunye nentlaka akhethekileyo sodium ion, kwaye umva kucocwa, umgaqo walo ukusebenzisa imifinya uyalibazisa isinyithi lichithakale.

Enye amanzi ngokuphatha indlela uhlobo divalent intsimbi ithe indlela imichiza. umgaqo wayo kwinkqubo igcwala ekujonganeni apho into yemichiza udlula evela kurhulumente unyityilikiswa undissolved. Emva koku, le trivalent intsimbi kwakhiwa ekufakwa kwi lokucoca ulwelo. Systems elolu hlobo kuthiwa okucoca, removers yentsimbi.

Amanzi enesiqulatho aphezulu amasuntswana emihle ebomvu lingadlulanga ultrafiltration.

Ekususeni bacteria uhlobo yesinyithi kufuneka isicelo agents chloro okanye chelating.

Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba iindlela zokwenza nyulu amanzi ngentsimbi banamalungelo zabo nezingalunganga.

inwebu

Amanzi ucoco yentsimbi inwebu sikuko Ukubetha ngapha inwebu obhityileyo kakhulu. Akunamsebenzi kude kudlule ukungcola zincinane. Loo yoko akakwazi lokuhlanjululwa ukuqinisekisa akukho amanzi avela filter ngentsimbi yokusebenza ngokutsho kwenye indlela. Kungenxa yoko le nto inkqubo inwebu kubonakala ekhethekileyo ngokwenene.

Kuba ukusebenza kakuhle icebo lokucoca kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukungabikho ngokupheleleyo ioksijini, kungenjalo kuya kubakho igcwala, guquko nentsimbi ayoni kunisasaza, apho kamva baziqwebele phezu ndizayo. Oku akuyongxaki, kuba iinkqubo inwebu kuba itywina elungileyo.

Kwakhona, le ndlela uyakwazi ukususa kunye trivalent intsimbi, xa kunokwenzeka ukuba ekhoyo emanzini ngezixa ezincinane. technology inwebu kwenza kube lula ukuba balahle yemanganizi - yentsimbi eyaziwa satellite.

indlela ion

Le ndlela iyasetyenziswa ixesha elide, kodwa kwixesha elidlulileyo ziye zasetyenziswa nyulu zeolites amanzi kunye namalahle sulfonated. Okwangoku, ukuze asuse intsimbi, wasebenzisa ezizodwa nentlaka exchange ion. Ngoncedo lwabo, impumelelo yale ndlela iye phezulu kakhulu. Kwakhona intsimbi bivalent kusetyenziswa zesiqinisekiso lisuse calcium wemagniziyam ion. Kwakhona indlela ion zokucoca uyakwazi ukususa manganese leyo luhlala khona emanzini.

Kodwa ke, ufanele wazi ukuba le ndlela ngeke isebenze kwimeko apho yobulukhuni amanzi yi kwinqanaba eqhelekileyo. Emva kokuba inkqubo yokucoca amanzi ngentsimbi ngotshintshiselwano ion kubandakanya ukuncitshiswa index. Le ndlela isebenza kuphela Ibanga pH elilinganiselweyo. Ukongeza, kuchaphazela kakubi i-izinto eziphilayo langoku emanzini, babe kubangele iintsholongwane kwi lokucoca ulwelo.

Eyona nto inzima apha - ukuba unelungelo lokukhetha udibaniso kahle nentlaka. Emva koko, ukusuka ngentsimbi liya kuba phezu, kuba indlela yokucoca amanzi ionic kungoku omnye kakhulu ngempumelelo.

Indlela yokucoca amanzi khemikhali

Amaxesha amaninzi ukucoca intsimbi isisombululo usebenzisa indlela igcwala. Oku kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa iioksidenti ezifana potassium permanganate, chlorine, ioksijini, ozone. Ngoncedo lwabo ukukhawulezisa inkqubo yokuguqulwa isinyithi ezinyibilikisiweyo ferric, yaye kongezwe coagulants emanzini (iikhemikhali) ikhuthaza yokulahlwa kwe ngamasuntswana. Lo mgaqo isoloko isetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezinkulu unyango.

indlela zokuphosa isetyenziswa kwindawo basekhaya. zokuhlanjululwa Amanzi ngentsimbi kunye indlela oxidative owenzeke kwiipropati filter ocacisiweyo kukhawuleziswe kakhulu inkqubo igcwala. iinkqubo ezinjalo zenziwa kusekelwe dioxide manganese, uyakwazi ukususa intsimbi. Ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezintle amanzi kongezelelwa potassium permanganate.

Iimpawu okucoca, removers zentsimbi

Ukuba ukhetho wawa kwinkqubo yokucocwa kwamanzi ngokusekelwe igcwala yesinyithi, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuthatha ingqalelo inani yemida, kukuba:

• lokubanda kwamanzi;
• pH;
• umxholo oksijini kwifomu lichithakale;
• ayinayo.

Ezi meko zingachaphazela umgangatho womsebenzi. Phambi kokuba umsebenzi kufuneka babenolwazi kunye nezincomo lomenzi wayo ukuthobela kuzo kusebenziso lasemva. Ingakumbi kuyimfuneko ukunikela ingqalelo ukwalathisa izinga lokuhamba kwamanzi nasebudeni backwashing, kwakunye umxholo intsimbi avumelekile.

Ngezizathu eziqhelekileyo nomsebenzi ombi obezzhelezivateli lokucoca ibalisa igcwala engaphelelanga ubonelelo yentsimbi ukucocwa kwe umthamo omkhulu wamanzi, izinga eliphantsi ukuhamba kwamanzi ngexesha backwashing. iron ratio ngomongo mayingadluli uphawu-15 mg / l. Filter- obezzhelezivateli kwahluka womxhuzulane ophezulu ezithile, oko kukuthi ethile yazo ebalulekileyo.

Ukususwa ferric

Xa umxholo eliphezulu yentsimbi colloidal zithathwa inkqubo ultrafiltration kakhulu ngempumelelo. Umgaqo ukusebenza kweenkqubo ezinjalo kuxhomekeke enkalweni amasuntswana ngokusebenzisa enemingxuma ndizayo. Ngenxa yale nkqubo eyenzile ngokwakhe intlambululo yokusihlambulula amanzi avela yentsimbi.

ubukhulu inwebu Pore ethile ngu 0.05 microns zisetyenziselwa ultrafiltration. Ukusebenza kwale ndlela deferrization amanzi ngenxa yokuba inkqubo unako ukusebenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ingakumbi kufanele kuphawulwe ukuhlamba inwebu kusiyiwa emva, nto leyo ishenxisa zisenzeka izithintelo.

Ukuphumeza ukusebenza ngendlela nangakumbi phambi ekucoceni intsimbi liguqulelwe ngcono sikarhulumente oxidized.

indlela eziphilayo ukususwa yentsimbi

Indlela yendalo mayibhekiswe kwaguquka intsimbi ixutywe kwifomu oxide ngoncedo yentsimbi. Abayi ayingozi ebantwini, ngokungafaniyo iimveliso zabo metabolic.

amagciwane nentsimbi esebenzayo kumgangatho yentsimbi phakathi kwe-10 ne-30 mg / l, kodwa unako ukuqulunqa xa umxholo ubumdaka eziyingozi ngezantsi ezi okukhomba. , Kufuneka ukugcina indawo asidi kwinqanaba elisezantsi, lo gama kuqinisekiswa ioksijini emoyeni ukuya Cya ngokuqhelekileyo khona.

Elokuphetha deferrization inkqubo yemvelo kususa iimveliso inkunkuma yesinyithi ngu adsorption, uze emva koko alungiswa imitha bactericidal amanzi ulwelo ecacileyo ngokupheleleyo.

Kakade ke, le ndlela imvelo nefanelekileyo, kodwa engxakini enkulu: izinga eliphantsi zenkqubo. Ukongezelela zokucoca intsebenzo kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo, kufuneka ube nomthamo unyango ngobukhulu ezinkulu.

Ucoco amanzi okusela

Ekhaya yokucoca amanzi lwenziwa usebenzisa ndlela zilandelayo:

• Elikhuselayo. Le ndlela yeyona isisiseko: amanzi wemka iiyure ezimbalwa, ngexesha apho ukungcola kunye needipozithi iye kuhlala ezantsi. Noko ke, impumelelo yale ndlela iphantsi, ulwelo kuya kufuneka ukuba iphekiweyo emva kokuba le nkqubo.
• Ngumkhenkce. Amanzi kufuneka obuthelwe kwisikhongozeli kwaye uyithumele efrijini. Emva isambuku aguquka abe ngumkhenkce, intsalela kufuneka ukuba ingabinanto: iqulethe ukungcola. Defrosting amanzi, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukulahla amaqhekeza yokugqibela ngumkhenkce, ukuba sikhona izinto eziyingozi.
• Shungite and electronic. Izimbiwa ezidingekayo ukuze ubeke phezu ezantsi kwisikhongozeli, ugalele amanzi ze ukushiye ubuncinane iintsuku ezimbini. Xa ixesha ukuba amanzi iphezulu, uyakwazi hlanganisa kunye ukusetyenziswa, kwaye "asezantsi" kufuneka zilahlwe, intsalela iya kubakho kulo. Shungite kunye lesilicon ezi abacoci elungileyo fluid ngayo izinto.
• Coal. Ichiza lokubhangisa yodaka eziqinileyo. Kuyimfuneko ukuba azisongele yamalahle noboya kunye kwamanzi lokucoca okuzithandelayo enokubakho.

Kutheni azihlambulule amanzi ngentsimbi

Ubukho yentsimbi emanzini, Nezingathanga kudlula ucoco ungcolisa ivumba layo kunye nemvakalo. Ngaphezu koko, amasuntswana undissolved kwi admixture engamanzi nebala elimdaka. ukusetyenziswa Chronic kwamanzi isixa esikhulu yentsimbi kunokukhokelela zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo, ezinxulumene ngokuyintloko wesibindi nezintso. Kwakhona, oko kuya kuchaphazela kakubi i imeko nesikhumba kuvela negazi, namasalela baziqwebele kwinkqubo lokulawula amanzi.

Ukongeza umonakalo kwimpilo yabantu, intsimbi kukukhokela amanzi iziphumo ezifana yimbonakalo amabala kwi ngemibhobho imibhobho overgrowing yellow umhlwa, nokuncipha kakhulu umgangatho kwimveliso kunye umonakalo nezixhobo emsebenzini.

Ixabiso elilelona umxholo ensimbi emanzini - 0.3-0.5 mg / l. Ngamazinga aphezulu uya kuvelisa namhlwa, turbidity ndibonakale liyehla.

Iindleko zokususa yentsimbi

Ukuba ucinezela elibaleka amanzi kunye ivumba elibi kwaye vskusom, ngoko ukujongana nale ngxaki iya kunceda yokucoca amanzi yentsimbi. izihluzi ixabiso ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye indlela senzo iindleko ezahlukeneyo.

Nomphanda filter ixhaphakileyo ingqalelo umgaqo lokusebenza isekelwe phezu ubukho amanzi abe isitya nge kwebhedi sorbent. Ixabiso ijagi enjalo isusela ukusuka engange-200 ukuya kuma-2500.

Amacebo okucoca, nto leyo equka ubeka phantsi esinkini, kuba iindleko eziphezulu. iinkqubo inwebu zifumaneka kwi emarikeni ngexabiso ka-5000 engange, nocococ electrochemical iya kuxabisa malunga 25,000 engange.

Ngomhla ixabiso iimpahla abachatshazelwa yi bubukho itanki yokuqokelela, umthamo wayo, kwaye isidanga yokusulungekiswa.

Musa ukulibala ukuba ufakelo Kwiplanti yokucoca amanzi yentsimbi kubhetele ukuba iingcali kwiinkonzo leyo kufuneka ukuchitha kakhulu.