Emahlamvini exchange Ion: isicelo. ngempumelelo njani na kwamanzi?

emahlamvini exchange Ion - yikhompawundi molekyuli high ezingenakunyibilika komgangatho, nto leyo kubonisa basabela zakudibana nesisombululo ion. Zinelungelo gel-ntathu okanye isakhiwo macroporous. Zibizwa ngokuba kubananisi ion.

uhlobo

Ezi emahlamvini zezi zesiqinisekiso Exchange (yahlulwe ngamandla iacid okwanamhlanje asidi), anion Exchange (ngamandla ezisisiseko, wavuma esisiseko, aphakathi kunye isiseko mixed) kunye kwengqondo. zithako ngamandla asidi - a zesiqinisekiso leyo babelane ukuse- kungakhathaliseki pH. Kodwa ke okwanamhlanje asidi unako ukusebenza kwi ixabiso hayi ngaphantsi kwe ezisixhenxe. Ngamandla exchange basic anion badla anions e isisombululo nangaliphi na iqondo dissociation nakweyiphi amaxabiso pH. Oku, anqunyulwe kubananisi okwanamhlanje basic anion. Kule meko, i-pH kufuneka 1-6. Ngamanye amazwi, le intlaka nga wananisa ion emanzini ingene yedwa, kodwa endaweni ukunika ngabo abaye zigcwele ngaphambili. Kwaye ukusukela ukuba H ₂ O - isakhiwo multicomponent, kuyimfuneko ukulungiselela ilungelo lalo ukukhetha yokusabela imichiza.

izakhiwo

emahlamvini exchange Ion - polyelectrolytes. Bona musa ukuluhlakaza. Qhamani wabawisela ion nokuphumla, kuba enobunzima eliphezulu eziphilayo. Yenza miso isiseko ezinxulumene ezinamacandelo ezinokususwa ezincinane izeziphi na umqondiso esahlukileyo, yaye, ke, uyakwazi ukutshintsha kubo isisombululo.

production

Ukuba Polymer leyo eye iimpawu i oguquguqula ion, aphathwe iikhemikhali, ngoko kuya kubakho utshintsho - nokuhlaziya ngokutsa nentlaka ion exchange. Oku kunika umdla kakhulu yinkqubo ebalulekileyo. Nge Polymer-nelo utshintshwano, kunye polycondensation phambili polymerization ukunika kubananisi ion. Kukho ityuwa kunye nefomu mixed-ityuwa. Eyokuqala ibandakanya sodium kunye chloride, kwaye eyesibini - isodiyam-hydrogen, kukho iintlobo hydroxyl-chloride. Kwiimeko ezinjalo nentlaka efumanekayo. Ngaphezu koko, kule nkqubo ziguqulelwa ekwimo yokusebenza, ezizezi, hydrogen, hydroxyl njalo njalo. D. Ezi zibonelelo zisetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, ezifana amayeza kunye ishishini lamachiza, yokudla, izityalo amandla enyukliya ukuba unyango condensate. Nokufuya ion nentlaka exchange ogalelwe filter ebhedini.

isicelo

resin exchange elisetyenzisiwe ion for okuthambisa amanzi. Ukongeza, i-compound usenokuba desalinated kunye ulwelo. Kulo mba, nentlaka ion exchange adla ngokusetyenziswa ngamandla. Xa hydrometallurgy sebenzisa nabo iintsimbi non-ayoni, yaye kunqabile, ukuba zicocwa kwabelwane ngazo izinto ezahlukahlukeneyo kushishino kwemichiza le. Ion kubananisi nabo nyulu amanzi inkunkuma, yaye ngenxa organic kuyondelelaniswe - kuvala. Ngoko ke, umbono nentlaka exchange zingasetyenziswa mveliso eyahlukeneyo.

ukucoca industrial

On ubushushu transfer imiphezulu zingavela umhlwa, kwaye ukuba ifikelela mm-1 kuphela, ukusetyenziswa amafutha ziza kunyuka nge-10%. Kodwa nangoku ilahleko enkulu. Ngaphezu koko, izixhobo unxiba ngaphandle ngokukhawuleza. Ukuthintela oku, kufuneka ulungise kakuhle unyango amanzi. Ukulungiselela le njongo, icebo lokucoca kunye nentlaka ion exchange. Kuyinto ulwelo lihlanjululwe asuswe sikali. Ezi iindlela ezahlukeneyo, kodwa ukwandisa lobushushu ukwahluka yayo iba ezincinane.

Iqhubekekisa H ₂ O

Kukho iindlela ezininzi ukuze izenze amanzi. Kuyenzeka ukuba ukusebenzisa unyango Imagnethi yomhlaba kunye cuke, kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba retouch chelators, kompleksonatov, IOMC-1. Kodwa ukhetho kuthandwa kucingwa ukuba nokuyicoca kunye Exchange ion. Oku kuya kubangela ukuba amanzi ukutshintsha ubume lweziqalelo. Xa kusetyenziswa le ndlela, H ₂ O phantse ngokupheleleyo kungcoliseko desalted shwaka. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba unyango olunjalo zicwadi kunzima kakhulu ukufikelela kwezinye iindlela. amanzi unyango kunye nentlaka ion unaniso ethandwa kakhulu kungekuphela eRashiya kodwa kwamanye amazwe. Le ukucoca ineendlela ezininzi yaye kakhulu ngempumelelo ngakumbi kunezinye iindlela. Ezo zinto, ezo zisuswe, soze kwentlenga emazantsi wokunika nezinto akusoloko kuyimfuneko. Yenza le nkqubo ilula kakhulu - uyilo lokucoca kuyafana. Ungafuna ukuba uthathe ithuba matshini. Emva propati zokuhlanjululwa iya kugcinwa na ukuhla nokunyuka obushushu.

Le resin exchange ion yi Purolite A520E. incazelo

Ukuze ukufunxa ion nitrate kwi emanzini, intlaka macroporous zadalwa. Isetyenziswa ukuhlambulula H ₂ O kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Ingakumbi kule wabonakala nentlaka exchange ion Purolite A520E. Kuyanceda lahla nitrate, nkqu izixa ezikhulu sulfates. Oku kuthetha ukuba, xa kuthelekiswa namanye kubananisi ion, lo intlaka iphumelela ngakumbi kwaye nokusebenza okungcono.

umthamo ukusebenza

Purolite A520E na selectivity eliphezulu. Kuyanceda, nokuba isixa sulfates, nitrate ukususa ngokomgangatho. Le misebenzi ayikwazi kuqhayisa ezinye nentlaka ion exchange. Oku kungenxa yokuba xa umxholo sulfates e izinto exchange H ₂ O kunciphisa. Kodwa kubulelwe selectivity for Purolite A520E le unciphiso Akunsani. Nangona umchiza kuphantsi xa kuthelekiswa nezinye exchange ngokupheleleyo ulwelo kukuninzi ngokwaneleyo nyulu ngokufanelekileyo. Kulo mzekelo, ukuba sulfate akayi kuba ngokwaneleyo ukumelana unyango ngamanzi kunye nokuphelisa nitrate anion iya kwahluka - zombini ijeli kwaye macroporous.

amalungiselelo

Ukuze resin Purolite A520E asebenza kwi-100%, oku kufuneka ilungiswe kakuhle ukuba umsebenzi lokuhlanjululwa nokulungisa H ₂ O ngenxa yokudla. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba phambi kokuqala i compound esetyenziswa iphathwa nge-6% nesisombululo NaCl. Xa oku kusetyenziswa xa kabini isixa kuthelekiswa isixa nentlaka ngokwayo. Emva koko, ukutya compound akuhlanjwanga ngamanzi (H ₂ O mali kufuneka ube 4 amaxesha ngaphezulu). Kuphela emva kokuchitha unyango olunjalo kwamkelwa wasayina.

isiphelo

Ngenxa iipropati ubephethwe nentlaka ion-exchange, ukuba ingasetyenziswa kwishishini yokutya nje kuphela ngamanzi, kodwa ngenxa unyango lweemveliso, iziselo ezahlukeneyo kunye nabanye. In imbonakalo anion - zeebhola ezincinane. Ihambelana kuso calcium nezinki ion, yaye, bona, anike ion sodium emanzini. Kule nkqubo ukuhlamba, ezi granules kokupapashwa izinto kunyango. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba uxinzelelo lingehla kwi nentlaka ion exchange. Oku kuya kuchaphazela iipropati yayo luncedo. Kwabo okanye ezinye tshintsho luchaphazela imiba zangaphandle: iqondo lobushushu, ikholam ukuphakama ubukhulu yamasuntswana, isantya zabo. Ngoko ke, xa inkqubo kufanele bagcine imeko ngokupheleleyo bume. kubananisi Anion idla ngokusetyenziswa unyango amanzi zima - eziphuhlisa ngayo ukuyilwa iimeko zokuphila ezilungileyo intlanzi kunye nezityalo. Ngaloo ndlela, nentlaka ion Exchange ziyafuneka kumashishini ezahlukeneyo, nokuba ekhaya, ingaba amanzi ngokomgangatho acocekileyo ukusetyenziswa phambili kuba.